CN114388970A - 蓄电装置 - Google Patents

蓄电装置 Download PDF

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CN114388970A
CN114388970A CN202111201349.8A CN202111201349A CN114388970A CN 114388970 A CN114388970 A CN 114388970A CN 202111201349 A CN202111201349 A CN 202111201349A CN 114388970 A CN114388970 A CN 114388970A
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power storage
case
battery
cells
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森下大树
冈田渉
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Prime Planet Energy and Solutions Inc
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Abstract

多个蓄电单元(110)分别包括设置有电极端子的上表面(112B)、与上表面(112B)相向的底面(112C)、以及与上表面(112B)及底面(112C)相邻的侧面(112D)。壳体(200)包括在多个蓄电单元(110)的侧面(112D)侧具有开口的主体(210)和设置在开口上的盖(230)。壳体(200)还具有与多个蓄电单元(110)的侧面(112D)分别相向的第一内侧面及第二内侧面。蓄电装置(1)具备施力机构(300、400)，该施力机构设置在多个蓄电单元(110)与壳体(200)的第一内侧面之间，对多个蓄电单元(110)朝向壳体的第二内侧面施力。

Description

蓄电装置
技术领域
本公开涉及蓄电装置。
背景技术
作为蓄电装置的一例，可列举出电池组。作为以往的电池组结构，例如可列举出日本特开2010-272378号公报(专利文献1)、日本特开2009-134901号公报(专利文献2)、国际公开第2012/133708号(专利文献3)、日本特表2015-520480号公报(专利文献4)、以及日本特开2012-28321号公报(专利文献5)所记载的结构。
存在想要通过简化限制多个电池单元的结构来实现小型化、轻量化这样的要求。另一方面，在简化了限制结构时，由于各个电池单元的变形的偏差等而使多个电池单元的定位精度降低，产生电池单元的端子的位置偏移。
专利文献1～5所记载的结构从解决上述课题的观点出发未必是足够的。另外，在电池以外的蓄电装置中也可能产生同样的课题。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种准确地进行多个蓄电单元的定位的蓄电装置。
本公开的蓄电装置具备：蓄电模块，包括层叠的多个蓄电单元；以及壳体，具有收纳蓄电模块的内部空间。多个蓄电单元分别包括设置有电极端子的上表面、与上表面相向的底面、以及与上表面及底面相邻的侧面。壳体包括在多个蓄电单元的侧面侧具有开口的主体和设置在开口上的盖。壳体还具有与多个蓄电单元的侧面分别相向的第一内侧面及第二内侧面。蓄电装置还具备施力机构，该施力机构设置在多个蓄电单元与壳体的第一内侧面之间，对多个蓄电单元朝向壳体的第二内侧面施力。
本发明的上述以及其他目的、特征、方面及优点将从结合附图理解的与本发明相关的以下详细说明中明确。
附图说明
图1是表示电池组的结构的分解立体图。
图2是表示电池模块所包含的电池单元的图。
图3是表示实施方式1的电池组的壳体内部的剖视立体图。
图4是表示实施方式1的电池组中的电池模块和弹性构件的立体图。
图5是表示实施方式2的电池组的壳体内部的剖视立体图。
图6是表示实施方式2的电池组的壳体内部的剖视图。
图7是图6的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
以下，对本公开的实施方式进行说明。在以下说明的实施方式中，在提及个数、数量等的情况下，除了特别记载的情况以外，本公开的范围不一定限定于该个数、数量等。另外，在以下的实施方式中，各个构成要素除了特别记载的情况以外，对于本公开而言未必是必需的。
图1是表示电池组1的结构的分解立体图。电池组1包括电池模块100和壳体200。
电池模块100(蓄电模块)包括沿着Y轴方向(层叠方向)层叠的多个电池单元(蓄电单元)。
壳体200包括壳体主体210、分隔构件220以及盖构件230。壳体主体210构成壳体200的上表面、底面以及侧面的一部分。分隔构件220与电池模块100一起收纳在壳体主体210内。盖构件230构成壳体200的侧面的一部分。壳体主体210在构成电池模块100的电池单元110的侧面112D侧(参照图2)具有开口。盖构件230设置在壳体主体210的开口上。
壳体200具有收纳电池模块100的内部空间。壳体主体210、分隔构件220以及盖构件230例如可以是由铝、镁等金属材料构成的铸造部件(压铸件)，也可以是由含碳材料构成的冲压成型部件。壳体200并不限定于上述方式，只要在强度、散热性、导热性等方面满足规定的特性即可。例如，也可能存在树脂制的壳体主体210、分隔构件220以及盖构件230的情况。
壳体主体210与盖构件230的接合部也可以使用橡胶等密封材料、粘接剂以及热熔材料等密闭，或者通过超声波熔接、激光熔接等将两者接合。由此，在由壳体主体210、分隔构件220以及盖构件230构成的壳体200的内部形成密闭空间。
电池组1能够搭载于车辆。在电池组1搭载于车辆时，典型的是，壳体主体210和盖构件230在水平方向(X轴方向)上排列。在本说明书中，有时将X轴方向称为“左右方向”。
图2是表示电池模块100所包含的电池单元110的图。如图2所示，电池单元110包括电极端子111和收容壳体112(框体)。电极端子111包括正极端子111A和负极端子111B。电极端子111形成在收容壳体112上。在收容壳体112收容有未图示的电极体及电解液。
收容壳体112形成为平坦面状的长方体形状。即，电池单元110是方形单元。收容壳体112具有沿着X-Z平面延伸的主面112A、沿着X-Y平面延伸的上表面112B及底面112C、以及沿着Y-Z平面延伸的侧面112D。在上表面112B设置电极端子111。底面112C与上表面112B相向。侧面112D与上表面112B及底面112C相邻。
作为一例，电池单元110是锂离子电池。电池单元110也可以是镍氢电池等其他电池。另外，在本公开中，“蓄电模块”并不限定于电池模块100，例如也可以将电容器用作“蓄电单元”来代替电池单元110。
(实施方式1)
图3是表示实施方式1的电池组1的壳体200的内部的剖视立体图。在图3中，省略壳体200的上表面部分而示出。如图3所示，壳体主体210具有支承部211。支承部211设置于壳体主体210的Y轴方向的两端部。支承部211与位于电池模块100的Y轴方向的两端部的电池单元110的主面112A直接抵接，沿着Y轴方向支承电池模块100。
支承部211通过其自身稍微变形而能够沿着Y轴方向对电池模块100施力。也可以在构成支承部211的壳体主体210设置例如空洞(未图示)，使支承部211薄壁化，使其容易在Y轴方向上变形。
在沿着X轴方向将电池模块100插入壳体主体210时，沿着Y轴方向对电池模块100施加压缩力。此时，例如通过将能够压缩的材料与分隔件一起设置在各电池单元110之间等，电池模块100能够作为整体在Y轴方向上压缩。当在电池模块100插入到壳体主体210之后上述压缩力被卸载时，被压缩的电池模块100的Y轴方向的长度复原，结果，电池模块100在Y轴方向上推压壳体主体210的内表面。相对于该推压力的反作用力成为壳体主体210对电池模块100进行支承的支承力。
在使用电池模块100时，由于电池单元110的收容壳体112内的电解液的气化等原因，收容壳体112有时会膨胀。由该膨胀引起的从电池模块100向壳体主体210的推压力及其反作用力也能够有助于壳体主体210对电池模块100的支承。
通过使电池单元110的主面112A与壳体主体210直接抵接而在Y轴方向上进行限制，能够在不设置端板和限制构件的情况下在Y轴方向上限制多个电池单元110。结果，能够实现电池组1的小型化。
并且，通过利用壳体主体210的支承部211限制电池模块100，能够高精度地进行各个电池单元110的Y轴方向的定位。
另外，如图3所示，在壳体主体210的内侧面上以及分隔构件220上设置有弹性构件300(施力机构)。
图4是表示本实施方式的电池组1中的电池模块100和弹性构件300的立体图。在图4所示的例子中，弹性构件300具有与电池模块100的Y轴方向的长度大致相同的长度，以与电池模块100的侧面(多个电池单元110的收容壳体112的侧面112D)相向的方式设置。即，弹性构件300设置在电池模块100的侧面与壳体200的内表面(第一内侧面)之间。弹性构件300对电池模块100朝向壳体200的内表面(第二内侧面)施力。
作为弹性构件300，例如可使用聚丙烯树脂、弹性体等能够产生规定的斥力的绝缘性的板状构件。弹性构件300需要使电池模块100在X轴方向上移动，因此，需要能够产生比由于Y轴方向的限制而作用于模块两端部的电池单元110的主面112A的摩擦力大的作用力。
通过利用弹性构件300对电池模块100所包含的多个电池单元110在X轴方向上朝向壳体200的内表面施力，使电池单元110与壳体200的内表面抵接，能够高精度地进行电池单元110的X轴方向的定位。结果，能够抑制多个电池单元110层叠而成的电池模块100的意外变形，抑制电池单元110的电极端子111的位置偏移。
另外，壳体主体210构成壳体200的上表面及底面，因此，在将电池模块100插入壳体主体210时，电池单元110的底面112C与壳体200的底面抵接，从而能够高精度地进行多个电池单元的Z轴方向的定位。
这样，根据本实施方式的电池组1，能够在不降低作业性的情况下高精度地进行电池单元110的X轴方向、Y轴方向以及Z轴方向的定位。
(实施方式2)
图5是表示实施方式2的电池组1的壳体200的内部的剖视立体图。在图5中，省略壳体200的上表面部分而示出。图6是表示壳体200的内部的剖视图，图7是图6的局部放大图。
本实施方式的电池组1是实施方式1的电池组1的变形例，如图5～图7所示，其特征在于，在壳体200的底部设置有肋400(施力机构)来代替实施方式1的弹性构件300。
肋400设置成与多个电池单元110的底面112C和侧面112D之间的角部抵接。即，肋400设置在电池模块100的侧面与壳体200的内表面(第一内侧面)之间，对电池模块100朝向壳体200的内表面(第二内侧面)施力。
肋400可以与构成壳体200的构件(壳体主体210、分隔构件220以及盖构件230)形成为一体，也可以形成为其他构件。总之，肋400作为能够产生克服因Y轴方向的限制而产生的摩擦力而能够使电池模块100在X轴方向上移动的作用力的板簧机构发挥作用。
也可以在未设置肋400的区域中，在与电池模块100的侧面(电池单元110的侧面112D)相邻的壳体200的底面设置槽部，作为结露水的暂时的退避部。
通过利用肋400对电池模块100所包含的多个电池单元110在X轴方向上朝向壳体200的内表面施力，使电池单元110与壳体200的内表面抵接，能够高精度地进行电池单元110的X轴方向的定位。结果，能够抑制多个电池单元110层叠而成的电池模块100的意外变形，抑制电池单元110的电极端子111的位置偏移。
另外，如图6、图7所示，在电池模块100的底侧设置有导热件500。导热件500设置在电池模块100与壳体主体210之间，促进在电池模块100中产生的热向壳体200的传递。
上述以外的事项与实施方式1的电池组1相同，因此不重复详细的说明。
这样，根据本实施方式的电池组1，与实施方式1同样地能够在不降低作业性的情况下高精度地进行电池单元110的X轴方向、Y轴方向以及Z轴方向的定位。
虽然对本发明的实施方式进行了说明，但应认为本次公开的实施方式在所有方面都是例示而不是限制性的。本发明的范围由权利要求书表示，意在包括与权利要求书等同的意思及范围内的所有变更。

Claims (6)

1.一种蓄电装置，其中，具备：
蓄电模块，包括层叠的多个蓄电单元；以及
壳体，具有收纳所述蓄电模块的内部空间，
所述多个蓄电单元分别包括设置有电极端子的上表面、与所述上表面相向的底面、以及与所述上表面及所述底面相邻的侧面，
所述壳体包括在所述多个蓄电单元的所述侧面侧具有开口的主体和设置在所述开口上的盖，
所述壳体还具有与所述多个蓄电单元的侧面分别相向的第一内侧面及第二内侧面，
所述蓄电装置还具备施力机构，所述施力机构设置在所述多个蓄电单元与所述壳体的第一内侧面之间，对所述多个蓄电单元朝向所述壳体的第二内侧面施力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电装置，其中，
所述施力机构包括弹性构件，所述弹性构件设置在所述多个蓄电单元的侧面与所述壳体的第一内侧面之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电装置，其中，
所述施力机构包括肋，所述肋与所述多个蓄电单元的所述底面和所述第一内侧面之间的角部抵接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的蓄电装置，其中，
所述肋与所述壳体形成为一体。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的蓄电装置，其中，
所述壳体包括支承部，所述支承部沿着所述多个蓄电单元的层叠方向支承收纳于所述内部空间的所述蓄电模块。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的蓄电装置，其中，
所述多个蓄电单元是锂离子电池单元。
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