CN114380888A - 一种二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物、其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物、其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114380888A CN114380888A CN202011136130.XA CN202011136130A CN114380888A CN 114380888 A CN114380888 A CN 114380888A CN 202011136130 A CN202011136130 A CN 202011136130A CN 114380888 A CN114380888 A CN 114380888A
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Abstract
本发明属化学制药技术领域,涉及一种二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物、其制备方法和其作为抗肿瘤剂的用途,本发明中,将化合物1与光学纯的叔丁基亚磺酰胺反应得化合物2,将有机锌试剂与化合物2发生化学反应生成化合物3;发生酯水解制得化合物4;将化合物4与中间体反应得化合物5;化合物5发生脱保护基反应得含游离氨基的化合物6;化合物6发生酯水解得含游离羧基的化合物7;化合物7与中间体发生分子内缩合反应制得化合物8;化合物8发生脱保护基反应及分子内二硫键的生成,制得化合物9。本发明所述的化合物具有强的抑制多种肿瘤细胞的作用,尤其是能抑制胃癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或乳腺癌的细胞增殖,因而具有潜在的抗瘤用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明属化学制药技术领域,涉及一种二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物、其制备方法和用途,具体涉及一种新的二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物、其制备方法及含有该化合物的药物或其组合物作为抗肿瘤治疗剂的用途。
背景技术
现有技术公开了癌症已成为继心脑血管疾病之后的又一危害人类身体健康的重大疾病,据统计,从20世纪70年代以来,我国癌症发病及死亡人数一直曾上升趋势,预计到2020年肿瘤年发病人数更将高达300万人次,而年死亡人数也会达到250万人次,在我国城镇居民中癌症已占死因首位,因此,研究与发现低毒高效的肿瘤治疗药物,具有重要的商业价值。
国内外已开发的抗肿瘤药物众多,在临床上常用的抗肿瘤亦有80多种。随着人们对肿瘤研究的不断深入,使人们认识到传统的具有细胞毒性的化疗药物,在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时,也会对人体某些正常的组织、器官和细胞如骨髓、消化道、肝、肾等带来更大的伤害,这些都极大的制约了这些传统化疗药物的临床应用。目前新型抗肿瘤药物的开发正在从传统细胞毒药物转向针对癌症细胞内异常的信号系统靶点的特异性抗肿瘤药物,即分子靶向治疗药。随着对肿瘤信号网络的不断认识,已开发出一些的分子靶向药物,并进入了临床应用,取得了显著成绩。其中,组蛋白去乙酰化酶(Histone deacetylase,HDACs)对肿瘤细胞生长调控具有重要作用的一种蛋白。组蛋白乙酰化转移酶(histone acetylases,HATs)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs)负责调控核心组蛋白乙酰化和去乙酰化的动态平衡,从而保证人体细胞的正常功能,不致发生癌变。但是,研究证实,在大多肿瘤细胞内HDACs都呈现过度表达,而导致组蛋白呈现低乙酰化状态,组蛋白乙酰化状态的失衡与肿瘤的发生和发展有这密切关系,并且发现HDACs抑制剂主要通过阻滞细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制血管新生、诱导自我吞噬、发挥协同作用等作用机制,可以达到治疗癌症的目的。
到目前为止己经发现的HDACs抑制剂按结构主要有以下几种类型:1.短链脂肪酸类,包括丁酸、苯丁酸和异戊酸及其盐类;2.羟肟酸类,包括trichostatin A(TSA)和伏利诺他(SAHA)及其衍生物CBHA和MM232等;3.不含环氧酮基的环四肽类结构,包括FR90I228,apicidin和包含环氧酮基的环四肽类结构,包括trapoxin B等;4.酰胺类,包括MS-275,CI-994和cso55等(如下式所示)。
研究发现在哺乳动物细胞中HDACs共有18个HDAC的亚型,根据与酵母菌HDAC序列的同源性,分为一下4大类:第I类HDAC家族包括HDAC1、HDAC2、HDAC3和HDAC8,与酵母菌Rpd3蛋白相似;第II类HDAC家族包括HDAC4、HDAC5、HDAC6、HDAC7、HDAC9和HDAC10,与酵母菌I1蛋白相似;第III类HDAC家族与酵母菌的转录抑制因子Sir2序列相近;第IV类只有HDAC11一种。其中I、II和IV类的HDAC家族为Zn2+依赖型靶标,而III类HDAC为保守的尼克酰胺腺嘌呤双核苷酸(NAD+)依赖型靶标。
已发现的HDACs抑制剂大多数对于HDACs亚型的选择性不好,导致较多的潜在不良反应逐渐暴露出来,如伏利诺他(SAHA)对HDAC1~HDAC9显示的活性基本相当,导致如红细胞减少、血小板减少及心电图异常等,这都极大的制约了它们的临床疗效。而随着对HDAC与肿瘤发生、发展研究的不断深入探讨,特别是对HDACs各个亚型结构和功能的不断被揭示,单个亚型或者是属于同一类的多个亚型选择性组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂在发挥疗效和减少副作用上更具优势。由于每种HDAC异构酶对肿瘤细胞的发生、发展等影响尚未完全阐明,且缺乏高选择性或特异性的HDAC抑制剂分子工具,因此开发I型选择性HDAC抑制剂,不仅对阐明其特有功能或其影响具有重要的理论意义,而且有望提供疗效更优的新型抗肿瘤药物,这是当前该领域的一个重要发展趋势。
目前已在临床应用的HDACs抑制剂药物主要有:伏利诺他(vorinostat,S)HA),它对HDAC1、HDAC2、HDAC3、HDAC4、HDAC6、HDAC7、HDAC9和HDAC10都有较高的抑制活性,该化合物于2006年被美国FDA批准用于治疗皮肤T淋巴细胞瘤,而同类羟肟酸类HDACs抑制剂Belinostat也于2014年被美国FDA批准临床应用;罗米地辛(romidepsin,FK-228)归属于第I型的选择性HDAC抑制剂,对HDAC I型具有较好的选择性抑制作用,它对于HDAC 2和HDAC 1的抑制活性要比对HDAC4和HDAC6抑制活性的要强,其结构中的二硫键在体内被还原成巯基后发挥于金属离子的结合作用,于2010年被美国FDA批准用于临床治疗的CTTL患者;西达苯胺,为酰胺类HDACs抑制剂于2015年1月在中国批准上市,用于治疗外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)。
2008年,佛罗里达州立大学的天然物质研究院Hendrink Luesch等人从海洋蓝藻Symploca spp.中首次分离得到的一个具有十六元环肽内酯结构天然产物Largazole,证实它也是一种强效的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂,尤其是对I型的组蛋白去乙酰化酶具有极好的选择性抑制作用,能够有效地抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,临床前的研究表明合适剂量的Largazole能够选择性地杀死肿瘤细胞而对正常细胞不产生影响(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008,130,13506)。它与具有16元大环结构的罗米地辛(romidepsin,FK-228)相似,水解它的硫酯侧链能够产生一个与FK228在体内发挥药物活性结构相似的活化硫醇结构,该活化硫醇可以协调到催化Zn2+的组蛋白去乙酰化酶中(Org.Lett.2010,12,1368)。
Largazole和罗米地辛这两个天然的HDAC抑制剂同属于一类活性成分为硫醇并且具有HDAC抑制作用的天然产物,这类天然产物的结构特征是含不同的大环肽酯类结构但具有相同的侧链结构单元,即3S-羟基-7-巯基-4-辛烯酸结构单元,该特征的侧链结构单元在与HDAC结合时发挥了重要作用,因为它们的巯基可深入到HDAC酶的疏水性狭长通道,与催化中心锌离子结合,从而抑制HDACs。研究证实,把侧链结构单元用3S-氨基-7-巯基-4-辛烯酸结构单元替代,可以明显降低对HDAC6(属于II型)的抑制活性,而对I型HDACs(HDAC1,2,3和8)抑制的影响较小,因此提高对I型HDACs选择性抑制作用。
另外,大量的新药开发研究发现,在活性分子中引入F元素往往可以增加其活性及体内代谢稳定性,其原因在于:1.氟原子和氢原子的大小很接近,引入后分子大小和形状几乎没有发生变化;2.氟原子的引入使非极性的碳碳键(C—C)产生了极性;3.强负电性的F原子可以参与形成氢键;4.氟原子的引入可以产生强亲脂性作用,尤其利于透过细胞膜;5.在碳原子上引入多个F原子会对酶的耐受性更强。因而在活性分子开发中,引入氟原子往往产生意想不到的效果。
最近在Largazole的结构优化研究证实,在关键侧链结构片段的不同位置引入氟原子确实生产了意想不到的效果(Eur.J.Med.Chem.,2019,182,111672),其中用3S-氨基-2,2-二氟-7-巯基-4-辛烯酸结构单元作为侧链结构片段,可以进一步增强Largazole的对I型HDACs选择性抑制作用。基于罗米地辛与Largazole具有相同的侧链片段,因此在这里有必要公开一种具有抗肿瘤作用的二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物、其制备方法和含有该化合物的药物或其组合物作为抗肿瘤治疗剂的用途。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于基于现有技术的现状,提出一种新的二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物、其制备方法和其作为抗肿瘤剂的用途。
本发明提出了一种二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物,所述化合物的通式(I)如下:
所述罗米地辛类似物的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤a:化合物1与光学纯的叔丁基亚磺酰胺,在路易斯酸或脱水剂存在下,在加入溶剂,在0-120℃的温度下,生成亚磺酰亚胺,即为化合物2;
步骤b:α-氯或溴代二氟乙酸乙酯在锌粉存在下,制备有机锌试剂,所得有机锌试剂与步骤a得到的化合物2发生化学反应,在溶剂作用下,在0-120℃的温度下,生成化合物3;
步骤c:将步骤b得到的化合物3在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经碱作用发生酯水解,随后经酸中和,制备得到含游离羧基的化合物4;
步骤d:将制备c得到的化合物4与合成路线中所示的中间体,在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经缩合剂的作用发生缩合反应,制备得到化合物5;
步骤e:将步骤d得到的化合物5在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经酸的作用,发生脱保护基反应,制备得到含游离氨基的化合物6;
步骤f:将步骤e得到的化合物6在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经碱的作用发生酯水解,随后经酸中和,制备得到含游离羧基的化合物7;
步骤g:将步骤f得到的化合物7与中间体在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经缩合剂的作用发生分子内缩合反应,制备得到化合物8;
步骤h:将步骤g得到的化合物8在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经氧化剂的作用,发生脱保护基反应及分子内二硫键的生成,制备得到化合物9。
本发明中,步骤a中,所述的路易斯酸或脱水剂选自KHSO4,Ti(OPri)4,Ti(OEt)4,CuSO4,MgSO4,4A分子筛或3A分子筛中任一种;所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、THF、乙醚或甲苯中任一种。
本发明中,步骤b中,所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、THF、乙醚或甲苯中任一种,α-氯或溴代二氟乙酸乙酯中优选的是α-溴代二氟乙酸乙酯。
本发明中,步骤c中,所述的碱是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钡、Na2CO3、K2CO3或Li2CO3中任一种,所述的溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、DMF、乙腈、甲苯、水或它们的组合溶剂。
本发明中,步骤d中,所述的缩合剂是EDCI、DCC、HOAT、HOBT、HATU、DMAP、Et3N、DIPEA或它们的组合,所述的溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、DMF、乙腈或甲苯中任一种。
本发明中,步骤e中,所述的溶剂为水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、THF、1,4-二氧六环、DMF、DMSO、乙腈或它们的组合,所述的酸是盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、磷酸,或者是产生的酸,具体如:乙酰氯/甲醇、乙酰氯/乙醇、乙酰氯/异丙醇、TMSCl/甲醇、TMSCl/乙醇、TMSCl/异丙醇、TMSBr/甲醇、TMSBr/乙醇、TMSBr/异丙醇、TMSI/甲醇、TMSI/乙醇、TMSI/异丙醇。
本发明中,步骤f中,所述的碱是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钡、Na2CO3、K2CO3或Li2CO3,所述的溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、DMF、乙腈、甲苯、水或它们的组合溶剂。
本发明中,步骤g中,所述的缩合剂是指EDCI、DCC、HOAT、HOBT、HATU、DMAP、Et3N、DIPEA或它们的组合,所述的溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、DMF、乙腈或甲苯中任一种。
本发明中,步骤h中,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、THF、1,4-二氧六环、DMF、DMSO、甲苯或乙腈溶剂中任一种,所述的氧化剂为I2、Br2、H2O2、SO2Cl2、DEAD、Et3NSO2NCO2Et、DDQ、O2、PhIO或吡啶N-氧化物中任一种。
本发明提出了一种二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物的用途,罗米地辛类似物通过抑制组蛋白去乙酰酶的机制,实现其疗效用途,具体为抑制胃癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或乳腺癌的细胞增殖而发挥其抗瘤效果。
本发明还涉及通式(I)所述化合物和一种以上的辅药组成的药物成分,其中药物成分中含有通式所述的化合物,进一步所述,药物成分用于抑制哺乳动物细胞增殖,即给患有肿瘤的哺乳动物服用治疗有效剂量的通式所述的药物,其中哺乳动物患有的肿瘤包括胃癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或乳腺癌等。
本发明在上文所述中,涉及了有关官能团、化学试剂或溶剂代号,参照国际通用命名规则或通用习惯,有关官能团、化学试剂或溶剂代号定义如下:
Ac:Acetyl;
Boc:tert-Butoxycarbonyl;
DIBALH:Diisobutylaluminium hydride;
DCE:Dichloromethane;
DCM:Dichloromethane;
DIPEA:Diisopropylethyamine;
DME:1,2-Ethanedioldimethylether;
DMAP:4-Dimethylamino pyridine;
DMF:N,N-Dimethylformamide;
DMP:Dess-Martin periodinane;
DMSO:Dimethylsulfoxide;
DPPA:Diphenylphosphonic azide;
DMPU:1,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone;
DDQ:
EA:EthylAcetate;
EDCI:Dimethylaminopropyl-N’-enthylcarbodiimide hydrochloride;
Fmoc:9-Fluorenylmethylformyl;
HATU:2-(7-Aza-1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
Hexafluorophosphate;
HOAT:1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole;
HOBT:1-Hydroxybenzotriazole;
LDA:Lithium diisopropylamide;
MeCN:Acetonitrile;
NaHMDS:Sodiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide;
PE:Petroleum ether
Py:Pridine;
THF:Tetrahydrofuran;
TIPS:Triisopropylsilane;
TFA:Trifluoroacetic acid;
TMSOTf:Trimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate;
Tol:Toluene;
TMSCl:Me3SiCl;
TMSBr:Me3SiI;
TMSI:Me3SiI;
Trt:Ph3C-;
TSE:-OCH2CH2SiMe3
OTSE:-OCH2CH2SiMe3
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明所述的化合物具有强的抑制多种肿瘤细胞的作用,尤其是能抑制胃癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或乳腺癌的细胞增殖,因而具有潜在的抗瘤用途。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例用于进一步描述本发明,但这些实施例并非限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
罗米地辛二氟取代代类似物10的合成
第a步:
取一洁净干燥100mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护,加入原料醛1(2.59g,7.23mmol),R-亚磺酰胺(1.23g,10.1mmol)和KHSO4(1.18g,8.7mmol),40mL无水甲苯溶解,45℃下反应1h后停止反应,过滤掉KHSO4,浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱条件:PE/EA=10:1)得无色粘稠状固体2.82g,收率85%.Rf=0.2(PE/EA=10:1)-159.9(c=1.9CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.11–8.09(m,1H),7.48–7.09(m,15H),6.47–6.15(m,2H),2.35–2.20(m,4H),1.19(s,9H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ163.81,148.63,144.65,129.53,127.92,126.71,66.90,61.17,57.24,48.53,32.05,30.40,28.12,24.72,22.43.ESI-MS(m/z):484.2[M+Na]+.HRMS-ESI(m/z):[M+Na]+Calcd.For C28H31NOS2Na:484.1739,found:484.1744;
第b步:
取一洁净干燥50mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护加入原料(2.23g,4.5mmol),Zn粉(800mg,13.5mmol),8mL无水THF溶解,在50℃下搅拌滴加BrF2CCO2Et(1.9mL,15.7mmol),至反应引发放热,继续在50℃下反应3-5小时。冷却,加入50mL饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,EA萃取(50mL×3)合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱条件:PE/EA=4/1至DCM/MeOH=20/1)得白色固体3(Rf=0.19,PE/EA=4/1)1.59g,产率56%;
-32.9(c=2.0CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40(d,J=7.9Hz,6H),7.32–7.24(m,6H),7.21(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),5.88–5.61(dt,J=16.0,8.0Hz1H),5.28(dd,J=15.4,8.4Hz,1H),4.25(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.–7-4.22(m,1H),3.69(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),2.20(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.12(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.28(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),1.19(s,9H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ162.66(t,J=31.7Hz),144.79,137.90,129.56,127.87,126.63,122.42,113.99(t,J=258.2Hz),66.65,63.28,59.85(t,J=24.2Hz),56.24,31.55,31.06,22.48,13.93.ESI-MS(m/z):608.2[M+Na]+.HRMS-ESI(m/z):[M+Na]+Calcd.For C32H37F2NO3S2Na:608.2075,found:608.2083;
第c步:
取一洁净干燥50mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护加入化合物3(0.460g,0.785mmol),用5.4mLTHF溶解,冰盐浴下滴加1.9mL 1M LiOH水溶液,在冰盐浴下反应1h,撤掉冰盐浴自然升至室温,继续反应1h后停止反应。逐滴加入1M HCl调节溶液PH=3,至反应液逐渐变澄清后突然出现白色浑浊,EA萃取(20mL×3)合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱条件:DCM/MeOH=14/1)得化合物4(Rf=0.16,DCM/MeOH=15/1)0.374g,产率85%.ESI-MS(m/z):558.2[M+H]+;
第d步:
取一洁净干燥50mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护加入HATU(0.148g,0.39mmol),HOAT(0.201g,0.36mmol),用无水CH2Cl2溶解均匀。再取一洁净干燥25mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护加入化合物4(0.201g,0.36mmol)和中间体(0.198g,0.30mmol),用无水DCM溶解均匀后,在冰盐浴下加入到缩合剂溶液中,搅拌均匀,最后逐滴加入i-Pr2NEt(0.14mL,0.78mmol),搅拌反应2h。加入50mL饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,调节PH=6-7,EA萃取(50mL×3)后再用DCM萃取(50mL×1),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗两次(50mL×2),无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱条件:PE/EA=1/1.5)得化合物5(Rf=0.29,PE/EA=1/1.5)0.243g,产率68%;
11.7(c=0.80CHCl3).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50-7.00(m,30H),6.8-6.75(m,1H),6.75-6.60(m,2H),5.75-5.60(m,1H),5.35(m,1H),4.60-4.40(m,2H),4.35-4.25(m,1H),3.75-3.50(m,5H),2.80-2.60(m,2H),2.40-2.10(m,8H),1.74(m,3H),1.15(m,9H),1.00-0.75(m,12H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ170.6,170.0,168.1,163.4,163.1,144.2,143.7,135.7,131.5,128.9,128.1,127.5,127.3,126.3,126.0,121.7,114.7(d,J=261Hz),66.7,66.0,59.8,58.4,57.2,56.1,53.4,51.3,31.4,31.0,30.5.29.8,21.8,18.7,18.4,17.6,16.7,13.0.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-105.3(d,J=256Hz,1F),-122.7(d,J=256Hz,1F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):[M+Na]+Calcd.For C67H77F2N5O7S3Na:1220.4845,found:1220.4826;
第e步:
取一洁净干燥50mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护加入化合物5(0.243g,0.2mmol),1.1mL无水甲醇溶解,在冰盐浴下搅拌10min,逐滴加入TMS-Cl 0.11mL,搅拌反应片刻后,撤去冰盐浴,继续反应1h。加入大量饱和NaHCO3溶液淬灭反应,用饱和NH4Cl溶液调节PH=7-8至有固体析出,加入EA搅拌至固体溶解。用EA萃取两次(30mL×2)后再用DCM萃取(30mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱条件:PE/EA=1/1.5)得化合物6(Rf=0.34,PE/EA=1/1.5)0.179g,产率81%.ESI-MS(m/z):1094.5[M+H]+;
第f步:
取一洁净干燥50mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护加入化合物6(0.172g,0.157mmol),用1.1mLTHF溶解,冰盐浴下滴加0.4mL 1M LiOH水溶液,在冰盐浴下反应1h,撤掉冰盐浴自然升至室温,继续反应1h后停止反应。逐滴加入1M HCl调节溶液PH=3,EA萃取(30mL×3)合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱条件:PE/EA=1:1.5toDCM:MeOH=10:1)得化合物7(Rf=0.24,DCM/MeOH=10:1)0.144g,产率84%.1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80(brs,1H),7.71(brs,1H),7.40-7.00(m,30H),6.90(brs,1H),6.72(d,J=12Hz,1H),6.62(d,J=12Hz,1H),5.75-5.55(m.1H),5.55-4.80(m,1H),4.40-4.20(m,2H),4.20-4.00(m,3H),3.80-3.60(m,1H),2.75-2.60(m,1H),2.60-2.40(m,1H),2.40-2.30(m,1H),2.20-2.10(m,2H),2.10-2.05(m,3H),1.64(d,J=10.2Hz,3H),1.00-0.75(m,12H).ESI-MS(m/z):1082.5[M+H]+;
第g步:
取一洁净干燥500mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护加入HATU(0.254g,0.66mmol),HOAT(0.091g,0.66mmol),用10mLDMF溶解,加入154mLDCM稀释至溶液变浑浊,再加入20mLDMF至溶液澄清透明,补加20mLDCM。用14mLDMF溶解化合物7(0.362g,0.33mmol),用注射器将其加入上述反应液中,搅拌均匀。逐滴加入i-Pr2NEt(0.24mL,1.32mmol)至溶液变成浅黄色,搅拌反应过夜。加入4mL饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,调节PH=6-7,加入200mL水,振荡分液,有机相再用水洗两次(20mL×2),浓缩有机相。加入50mLDCM稀释,再用水洗两次(50mL×2),无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱条件:PE/EA=1/1.5)得化合物8(Rf=0.29,PE/EA=1/1.5)0.189g,产率54%;
28.9(c=0.90CHCl3).1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.30(brs,1H),7.50(brs,1H),7.40-7.00(m,30H),6.90(brs,1H),6.80(brs,1H),6.45(brs,1H),5.75-5.55(m.1H),5.55-4.80(m,1H),5.25-5.00(m,1H),4.50(brs,1H),4.23(brs,1H),3.54(brs,1H),2.75-2.50(m,2H),2.25-2.15(m,3H),2.15-2.00(m,4H),1.75-1.50(m,3H),1.00-0.75(m,12H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ171.0,169.8,164.8,162.3,144.1,143.6,135.2,129.5,128.9,128.8,127.5,127.3,126.3,126.1,121.0,114.4(t,J=261Hz),66.4,66.1,59.8,57.7,31.3,31.1,30.8,30.5,29.0,28.8,22.1,20.5,18.8,18.7,18.5,16.7,13.6,13.5,12.5.HRMS-ESI(m/z):[M+Na]+Calcd.For C62H65F2N5O5S2Na:1084.4287,found:1084.4261;
第h步:
取一洁净干燥50mL茄形反应瓶,氩气保护加入化合物8(0.050g,0.047mmol),用DCM:MeOH=10.8mL:1.2mL的溶液溶解,再用DCM:MeOH=74.2mL:8.2mL的溶液溶解碘(0.120g,0.47mmol)。将原料液在剧烈搅拌的条件下,逐滴加入到碘溶液中,剧烈搅拌10min。加入12mL10%的Na2S2O3溶液淬灭反应,DCM萃取(30mL×1)合并有机相,有机相用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗一次(60mL×1),再用饱和NaCl溶液洗一次(60mL×1),无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱条件:PE/EA=1/2.5)得化合物10(Rf=0.2,PE/EA=1/2.5)0.025g,产率92%;
-8.75(c=0.80CHCl3).1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.03(brs,N8H,1H),7.84(d,J=6.6Hz,N11H,1H),7.35(d,J=9.0Hz,N2H,1H),6.81(brs,N14H,1H),6.35(d,J=7.8Hz,N5H,1H),5.98(dt,J=16.2,6.0Hz,C18H.1H),5.91(q,J=7.2Hz,C27H,1H),5.52(d,J=15.6Hz,C17H,1H),5.13(m,C1H,1H),4.80(m,C10H,1H),4.46(dd,J=7.8,4.2Hz,C4H,1H),3.97(brs,C13H,1H),3.32(dd,J=16.2,5.4Hz,C23H,1H),3.16(dd,J=16.2,4.8Hz,C23H,1H),3.12(m,C20H,1H),3.06(m,C20H,1H),2.70(m,C19H,1H),2.542.70(m,C24H,1H),2.45(m,C19H,1H),2.27(m,C29H,1H),1.82(d,J=7.2Hz,C28H,3H),1.13(m,C30H,C31H,6H),1.02(d,J=7.2Hz,C25H,3H),0.94(d,J=7.2Hz,C26H,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ171.0(C3),169.6(C12),168.8(C9),167.5(C6),165.7(t,J=30Hz,C15),133.7(C8),131.1(C7),124.0(C27),123.3(C17),114.1(t,J=258Hz,C16),62.8(C13),59.6(C4),56.6(C10),54.7(t,J=27.5Hz,C1),36.2(C20),34.1(C23),30.1(C19),29.4(CHMe2),29.2(CHMe2),19.6(Me),19.1(Me),18.7(Me),17.0(Me),13.0(C28).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-104.1(d,J=256Hz,1F),-115.0(d,J=256Hz,1F).HRMS-ESI(m/z):[M+H]+Calcd.For C24H35F2N5O5S2Na:576.2120,found:576.2112。
实施例2测试例
本发明用CCK-8法体外测试了所述的化合物对多种肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制活性,分别考察其对6种商业购得的肿瘤细胞的抑制细胞增殖活性,并与Largazole作比较。
CCK-8法检测原理:CCK-8法是用于测定细胞增殖或细胞毒性试验中活细胞数目的一种高灵敏度,无放射性的比色检测法。CCK-8被细胞内脱氢酶生物还原后生成的橙色甲臜染料能够溶解在细胞培养基中,生成的甲臜量与活细胞数量成正比。该方法所用试剂盒为同仁化学研究所(Dojindo)开发的四唑盐——WST-8(2-(2-甲氧基-4-硝苯基)-3-(4-硝苯基)-5-(2,4-二磺基苯)-2H-四唑单钠盐),它在电子载体1-MethoxyPMS存在的情况下能够被还原成水溶性的甲臜染料。
细胞培养及受试化合物准备:
1、肿瘤细胞置于含FBS(胎牛血清)、100U/ml青霉素和100g/ml链霉素的培养基中培养(详见下表)。所有细胞放置于37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中培养。细胞每3~5天换液一次,细胞80%融合后,胰酶消化,传代,保持细胞在良好的对数生长期。
2、所有待测样品均溶解于DMSO中,其中以天然的强效、选择性I型HDAC抑制剂Largazole作为阳性对照品。
3、检测操作:处于对数生长期的细胞分别以5000个/孔接种于96孔板,培养24h后,加入待测样品(终浓度如表所示),每个样品设2个复孔。溶剂DMSO的用量不高于2‰;药物作用72h后,每孔加入10μL的CCK-8溶液,37℃下孵育1.5~3小时。于酶标仪上测定450nm处的OD值;
抑制率(%)=(1-[(OD450加药孔-OD450空白孔)/(OD450对照孔-OD450空白孔)])×100%
使用GraphPad Prism软件中log(inhibitor)vs.response–Variable slop分析方法计算拟合IC50值。
4、代表性的化合物对多种肿瘤细胞的IC50值如下表所示,结果显示本发明所述的化合物具有强的抑制多种肿瘤细胞的作用,尤其是能抑制胃癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或乳腺癌的细胞增殖,因而具有潜在的抗瘤用途。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述的二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物的制备方法,其特征在于:其合成路线如下:
按如下步骤:
步骤a:化合物1与光学纯的叔丁基亚磺酰胺,在路易斯酸或脱水剂存在下,在加入溶剂,在0-120℃的温度下,生成亚磺酰亚胺,即为化合物2;
步骤b:α-氯或溴代二氟乙酸乙酯在锌粉存在下,制备有机锌试剂,所得有机锌试剂与步骤a得到的化合物2发生化学反应,在溶剂作用下,在0-120℃的温度下,生成化合物3;
步骤c:将步骤b得到的化合物3在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经碱作用发生酯水解,随后经酸中和,制备得到含游离羧基的化合物4;
步骤d:将制备c得到的化合物4与合成路线中所示的中间体,在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经缩合剂的作用发生缩合反应,制备得到化合物5;
步骤e:将步骤d得到的化合物5在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经酸的作用,发生脱保护基反应,制备得到含游离氨基的化合物6;
步骤f:将步骤e得到的化合物6在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经碱的作用发生酯水解,随后经酸中和,制备得到含游离羧基的化合物7;
步骤g:将步骤f得到的化合物7与中间体在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经缩合剂的作用发生分子内缩合反应,制备得到化合物8;
步骤h:将步骤g得到的化合物8在溶剂作用下,-10-100℃温度下,经氧化剂的作用,发生脱保护基反应及分子内二硫键的生成,制备得到化合物9。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤a中,所述的路易斯酸或脱水剂选自KHSO4,Ti(OPri)4,Ti(OEt)4,CuSO4,MgSO4,4A分子筛或3A分子筛中任一种;所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、THF、乙醚或甲苯中任一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b中,所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、THF、乙醚或甲苯中任一种,α-氯或溴代二氟乙酸乙酯中优选的是α-溴代二氟乙酸乙酯。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤c中,所述的碱是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钡、Na2CO3、K2CO3或Li2CO3中任一种,所述的溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、DMF、乙腈、甲苯、水或它们的组合溶剂。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤d中,所述的缩合剂是EDCI、DCC、HOAT、HOBT、HATU、DMAP、Et3N、DIPEA或它们的组合,所述的溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、DMF、乙腈或甲苯中任一种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤e中,所述的溶剂为水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、THF、1,4-二氧六环、DMF、DMSO、乙腈或它们的组合,所述的酸是盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、磷酸,或者是产生的酸,具体如:乙酰氯/甲醇、乙酰氯/乙醇、乙酰氯/异丙醇、TMSCl/甲醇、TMSCl/乙醇、TMSCl/异丙醇、TMSBr/甲醇、TMSBr/乙醇、TMSBr/异丙醇、TMSI/甲醇、TMSI/乙醇、TMSI/异丙醇。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤f中,所述的碱是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钡、Na2CO3、K2CO3或Li2CO3,所述的溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、DMF、乙腈、甲苯、水或它们的组合溶剂;步骤g中,所述的缩合剂是指EDCI、DCC、HOAT、HOBT、HATU、DMAP、Et3N、DIPEA或它们的组合,所述的溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、DMF、乙腈或甲苯中任一种。
9.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤h中,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、THF、1,4-二氧六环、DMF、DMSO、甲苯或乙腈溶剂中任一种,所述的氧化剂为I2、Br2、H2O2、SO2Cl2、DEAD、Et3NSO2NCO2Et、DDQ、O2、PhIO或吡啶N-氧化物中任一种。
10.权利要求1所述的二氟取代的罗米地辛类似物在制备抗肿瘤剂中的用途,其中:所述罗米地辛类似物通过抑制组蛋白去乙酰酶实现其疗效用途,所述的肿瘤为胃癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或乳腺癌。
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