CN114352062A - Construction process for protecting and repairing stone carving component of ancient building - Google Patents
Construction process for protecting and repairing stone carving component of ancient building Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cultural relic restoration, in particular to a construction process for protecting and restoring a stone carving component of an ancient building.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultural relic repair, in particular to a construction process for protecting and repairing a stone carving component of an ancient building.
Background
The ancient Chinese architecture has been around 7000 years old and is made of tile, wood, brick, stone, oil and other materials. Among the materials of traditional Chinese buildings, the stone carving member is one of the most capable of storing and reflecting the information of the building when the building is initially built. The stone carving component of the historic building is often cracked, weathered, damaged and the like after the stone carving component of the historic building is corroded or artificially damaged by the natural environment for many years.
The stone carving component of the ancient architecture, especially the stone carving component with carving pattern, should try to protect the original thing except that the damage seriously endangers the safety and must change the person. With the importance of the whole society on the protection of the cultural relics and the excavation of cultural value of the cultural relics, the renovation engineering of the cultural relics is rapidly increased. The cultural relic building repair is different from the construction engineering and is a practical activity for protecting the cultural relic building.
In the prior art, stone carving components are repaired by using stones with the textures and colors similar to those of original stones through adhesives.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventor considers that the repair of the stone carving component in the prior art is simple, the bonding effect is not good, and the service life is not long.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to promote the life after the stone carving component is restoreed, this application provides an ancient building stone carving component protection restoration construction technology.
The application provides a ancient building stone carving component protection restoration construction technology adopts following technical scheme:
a construction process for protecting and repairing an ancient building stone carving component comprises the following steps:
s1, current situation investigation, namely recording current situation characters, shooting pictures and video, drawing a damaged lesion map, referring to the displayed residual structure according to the original situation data of the stone carving component, analyzing the condition of the lesion, and performing repairing operation;
s2, cleaning a base layer, removing surface floating ash, oil stain and weathered loose objects on the part to be repaired of the stone carving component, cleaning and desalting by using purified water, and airing to keep the surface of the stone carving component dry;
s3, sealing the primer, firstly, observing the depth of the part to be repaired, and preprocessing the part to be repaired according to the observation condition;
s4, pasting and repairing, namely taking glue, adding sodium bicarbonate powder or rice flour into the glue, mixing to form jelly, adding powder matched with the color of the stone carving component for color matching, and coating the colored jelly on the part to be repaired;
s5, grinding, namely grinding the part to be repaired by using sand paper according to the stone carving component prototype, and then removing powder by using clean cloth;
s6, reinforcing, and brushing a hardening agent on the surface of the stone carving component;
and S7, sealing and protecting, namely cleaning the surface of the stone carving component to be repaired with purified water, then painting the surface of the stone carving component to be repaired with absolute ethyl alcohol, volatilizing water, drying, and painting and spraying a layer of waterproof finish for sealing and protecting.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, basic unit's clearance can be treated the ash on earth who exists in the restoration position, greasy dirt and weathering loose thing are cleared up, reduce impurity and to the prosthetic influence of stone carving component, treat the damage degree at restoration position after that and observe the aassessment, treat the restoration position according to the condition of difference and carry out different processing, then paste the restoration in the restoration position of treating after handling, use the colloid to treat restoration part and fill, polish the colloid after solidifying, with the state before the matching stone carving component does not damage, at last the surface to the stone carving component is applied paint the hardening agent with a brush and is carried out the performance promotion, and apply paint waterproof finish paint on the surface and protect, thereby can promote the life after the stone carving component is restoreed, therefore, the clothes hanger is strong in practicability.
Optionally, in the second step, firstly, the soft brush is used for cleaning up floating ash of the base layer, then the iron brush is used for polishing and cleaning up oil stains and weathered loose objects of the base layer, then the soft brush is used for cleaning up the polished powder, and finally, the wet sponge is used for cleaning up the surface of the base layer, so that the base layer is cleaned up.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, at first use the soft brush clearance basic unit to float the ash, be favorable to promoting the clearance effect to floating the ash, then use the iron brush to polish the clearance to greasy dirt and the loose thing of morals and manners, also can get rid of the whole spot of treating the restoration position surface in the clearance, treat simultaneously that the restoration position levels, make the breach become neat, be favorable to promoting and paste the effect, the powder that the soft brush that reuses at last produced after leveling is cleared up, and the use is that the sponge cleans basic unit surface, promote the clearance effect, reduce the residue of floating the ash.
Optionally, in the second step, the neutral filter paper is soaked in ionized water, the neutral filter paper is mashed into pulp after the paper is soaked thoroughly, water is squeezed out, the paper is soaked continuously in the ionized water after being changed to be clean, the soaking is repeated for several times, the desalting effect is achieved, the neutral filter paper is attached to the surface of the part to be repaired, purified water is sprayed on the paper pulp every 2 hours, the paper pulp is kept wet, and the paper pulp absorbs salt through capillaries inside the stone.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, use the paper pulp that ion content is low to attach on the surface of waiting to restore the position to can make paper pulp pass through the inside capillary of stone and absorb the salinity, until absorbing the salt totally, can prolong the life-span of stone carving component.
Optionally, in the third step, the portion to be repaired includes linear damage, planar damage and massive damage, and if the portion to be repaired is linear damage such as a crack or a fissure, a spray coating manner is adopted to spray a sealing primer to the bottom;
if the non-stone carving pattern part of the part to be repaired is damaged in a planar manner after the whole surface is separated, a coating mode is adopted, the whole surface is firstly primed, then the same stone material is adopted to match the part to be repaired, and the stone material of the part to be repaired and the stone carving member are bonded by using an adhesive until the damaged surface is flat;
if the whole surface of the stone carving pattern part of the part to be repaired is damaged in a planar manner, the whole surface is primed in a coating manner, then the same food materials are adopted to match the parts to be repaired, an adhesive machine is used for bonding the stone material of the repaired part and the stone carving member until the damaged surface is flat, and then the operation in the fourth step is carried out, so that the colored jelly is coated on the part to be repaired, and the damaged part is complete.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the setting of template, can shelter from the part that does not need the restoration, can reduce because of constructor error, lead to the glue to coat the emergence of the condition of other positions of stone carving component to improve the accuracy of repairing.
Optionally, in the third step, if the part to be repaired is damaged in a block shape and the damage depth of the part to be repaired is greater than 5mm, filling a filler into the part to be repaired, leveling and shaping the part to be repaired, reserving a surface layer with a depth of 3-5mm, and then coating a transparent sealing primer once, wherein the filler comprises putty, white cement slurry and mortar, a layered adhesion method is used, the innermost layer is filled with the mortar, the middle layer is filled with the white cement slurry, and the outermost layer is filled with the putty.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, use the filler to treat that the restoration position carries out preliminary filling, then scribble transparent seal primer on one side again, seal inner structure, can protect the filler, also can carry out the preliminary treatment to the bottom surface, convenient follow-up rubberizing.
And in the third step, if the part to be repaired is damaged in a block shape and the damage depth of the part to be repaired is less than or equal to 5mm, coating a transparent sealing primer on the cleaned base layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the filling operation is not needed for the part with low depth, the filling step can be omitted, the processing speed is accelerated, and the working efficiency is improved.
Optionally, in the fourth step, the thickness of the jelly applied each time is less than or equal to 1mm until the molding standard of the repaired stone carving component is reached.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the mode that less than or equal to 1 mm's jelly coated at every turn, fill the jelly, can guarantee under the condition of packing efficiency for the jelly of coating at every turn can guarantee abundant sclerosis, keeps the physical properties after the sclerosis, reduces because of once coating is too much, and the condition that makes inside jelly can't harden and lead to overall structure intensity to reduce takes place.
Optionally, in the fifth step, firstly, 80-mesh sand paper is used for preliminarily polishing the part to be repaired, and a preliminary outline is polished, then 180-mesh sand paper is used for polishing the part to be repaired, and a finished outline is polished, and finally, wet sponge is used for cleaning the polished surface.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, use 80 mesh abrasive paper to polish, can play and open thick effect to improve the speed of polishing, and use 180 mesh abrasive paper to polish after that, then can play better processing to the detail, and then resume and wait to restore the original shape in position, accomplish preliminary restoration.
Optionally, in the fifth step, before the brushing hardening agent, the part to be repaired is aged by using potassium permanganate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, use potassium permanganate to treat the restoration position and make old, can make and treat the restoration position and be close with the stone carving component color and luster, promote the wholeness of stone carving component.
Optionally, in the first step, if the original design drawing of the repair part is lacked, the part to be repaired is repaired and reinforced by putty.
By adopting the technical scheme, the putty is used for repairing, and the part to be repaired can be reinforced and protected, so that damage is reduced, the preservation effect is achieved, and convenience is brought to follow-up continuous repair.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
the basic layer cleaning can clean floating ash, oil stain and weathered loose objects existing in the part to be repaired, reduce the influence of impurities on the repair of the stone carving component, observe and evaluate the damage degree of the part to be repaired, carry out different treatments on the part to be repaired according to different conditions, then carry out pasting repair on the part to be repaired after treatment, fill the part to be repaired with jelly, polish the jelly after solidification to match the state before the stone carving component is not damaged, finally brush the surface of the stone carving component with a hardening agent for performance improvement, and brush the surface with waterproof finish for protection, so that the service life of the repaired stone carving component can be prolonged, and the practicability is strong;
the potassium permanganate is used for carrying out antiquing on the part to be repaired, so that the color of the part to be repaired is close to that of the stone carving component, and the integrity of the stone carving component is improved;
the putty is used for repairing, and the part to be repaired can be reinforced and protected, so that damage is reduced, a preservation effect is achieved, and convenience is brought to follow-up continuous repairing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a construction process for protecting and repairing a stone carving component of an ancient building according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1.
The embodiment of the application discloses ancient building stone carving component protection restoration construction technology, is used in ancient building's stone carving component restoration field, repairs the stone carving component of local damage. The traditional adhesives used for repairing the stone carving component are animal glue, natural wax or starch glue and the like, and the adhesive strength and the adhesive life are low. Now, in the process of repairing the stone carving component, the epoxy resin is used as a main adhesive due to the excellent bonding performance of the epoxy resin. However, the epoxy resin used as the adhesive has certain limitation, and because the epoxy resin is an amine curing agent, after the adhesive is solidified, part of amine substances are often dissociated due to uneven stirring, after a period of time, free molecules of the amine curing agent permeate around the bonding port of the stone carving component, and yellow spots and yellow marks are gradually generated by air oxidation and sunlight irradiation, so that the appearance of the repaired stone carving component is damaged, and therefore, the ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process needs to be provided.
Referring to fig. 1, the construction process for protecting and repairing the stone carving component of the ancient building comprises the following steps:
and S1, current situation investigation, namely recording current situation characters, taking pictures and videos, drawing a damaged lesion map before restoration, and then analyzing the condition of the lesion by referring to the displayed legacy structure according to the original situation information of the stone carving component to perform restoration operation.
The character record is used for accurately recording the damage status, characteristics and scale of the stone carving component, the pollution and damage conditions and the like. The photo taking is an auxiliary means for character recording and drawing, and the current situation can be known more intuitively; when shooting, the view is viewed by the side view angle as far as possible, and the details of the stone carving component diseases, such as cracks, holes and the like, are reflected by the maximum angle. The defects of the shot pictures can be compensated by the shot video, and the disease condition can be more completely reflected, so that a protection and maintenance scheme can be accurately formulated.
Then, according to original and detailed character records, drawings, photos and various data of the stone carving component, referring to the existing legacy structure, analyzing the disease condition, adopting a targeted protection and repair method, compiling a detailed protection and repair scheme, and guiding the implementation of the repair engineering.
S2, cleaning a base layer, removing floating ash, oil stain and weathered loose objects on the surface layer of the part to be repaired of the stone carving component, cleaning and desalting by using purified water, and airing to keep the surface of the stone carving component dry.
The floating ash of basic unit is cleared up at first to use the pappus brush, then uses the iron brush to polish the clearance to the greasy dirt and the loose thing of morals and manners of basic unit, also can get rid of the whole spot of treating the restoration position surface in the clearance, treats simultaneously and restores the position and levels for the breach becomes neat, is favorable to promoting and pastes the effect. And cleaning the polished powder by using a soft brush, and finally wiping the surface of the base layer by using wet sponge to clean the base layer.
Desalination is an important link for protecting the stone carving component, and salt can cause a series of pathological changes such as surface weathering of the stone carving component. Particularly, in coastal areas, the salt content in the air is high, and the salt corrosion on the surface of the stone carving component is more serious than that in other areas. For cleaning salt on the surface of the stone carving component, generally, neutral filter paper is soaked in ionized water, the neutral filter paper is smashed into pulp after the paper is soaked thoroughly, water is squeezed out, clean ionized water is changed to be soaked continuously for several times, in the embodiment, the desalting effect is achieved for three times, the neutral filter paper is attached to the surface of the part to be repaired, paper pulp is stacked to three layers, purified water is sprayed to the paper pulp every 2 hours to keep the paper pulp moist, the paper pulp is turned over at 2 hours to continuously cover the surface of the part to be repaired, then the paper pulp is stacked continuously on the basis of the above steps, the paper pulp is stacked to six layers, purified water is sprayed to the paper pulp every 2 hours to keep the paper pulp moist, the above steps are repeated after 2 hours, the paper pulp is stacked to more than 18 layers, the paper is kept to be covered on the surface of the part to be repaired in a moist manner, the paper is detached after two days, and the above steps are repeated every two days, the desalting operation was released until ten days later. And then drying the cleaned and desalted stone carving component for 7 days, and then implementing the next procedure, so that the service life of the stone carving component can be prolonged.
S3, priming, firstly, using thick paper, hard board, wood material to make template in advance, and using the template to shield the parts which do not need to be repaired. Can shelter from the part that does not need the restoration, can reduce because of constructor error, lead to glue to coat the emergence of the condition of other positions of stone carving component to improve the accuracy of repairing.
Then observing the damage condition of the part to be repaired, wherein the part to be repaired comprises linear damage, planar damage and massive damage, and if the part to be repaired is linear damage such as cracks and cracks, spraying a sealing primer to the bottom in a spraying manner;
if the non-stone carving pattern part of the part to be repaired is damaged in a planar manner after the whole surface is separated, a coating mode is adopted, the whole surface is firstly primed, then the same stone material is adopted to match the part to be repaired, and the stone material of the part to be repaired and the stone carving member are bonded by using an adhesive until the damaged surface is flat;
if the whole surface of the stone carving pattern part of the part to be repaired is in planar damage, sealing primer on the whole surface in a coating mode, matching the repaired parts with the band-repairing parts by adopting the same food materials, bonding the stone material of the repaired part with the stone carving member by using an adhesive machine until the damaged surface is flat, and then performing the operation in the fourth step to coat the colored jelly on the part to be repaired to complete the damaged part;
if the part to be repaired is damaged in a block shape and the damage depth of the part to be repaired is more than 5mm, filling a filler into the part to be repaired, leveling and shaping the part to be repaired, reserving a surface layer with the depth of 3-5mm, and then coating a transparent sealing primer once, wherein the filler comprises putty, white cement slurry and mortar, a layered bonding method is adopted, the innermost layer is filled with the mortar, the middle layer is filled with the white cement slurry, and the outermost layer is filled with the putty;
if the damage is massive damage and the damage depth of the part to be repaired is less than or equal to 5mm, coating transparent sealing primer on the cleaned base layer.
S4, paste and repair, take glue, and add soda powder or rice flour and mix inside glue, make it form the colloid, then add wherein and carry out the mixing of colors with stone carving component colour assorted powder, and scribble the colloid of having transferred good colors and wait to restore the position, through the mode that the colloid of at every turn less than or equal to 1mm coated, fill the colloid, can be under the condition of guaranteeing packing efficiency, make the colloid of at every turn coating can guarantee abundant sclerosis, keep the physical properties after the sclerosis, reduce because of once coating too much, make the unable sclerosis of inside colloid lead to the condition emergence of overall structure intensity reduction.
S5, the coping, treat the restoration position according to stone carving component prototype at first using 80 mesh abrasive paper and tentatively polish, can play the effect of opening thick, thereby improve the speed of polishing, and polish out preliminary profile, then use 180 mesh abrasive paper to treat the restoration position and polish, and polish out the profile of accomplishing, then can play better processing to the detail, and then resume and treat the original shape in restoration position, then clear away the powder with clean cloth, use wet sponge to clear up the face of polishing at last, guarantee the cleanliness factor of restoration face.
And S6, reinforcing, namely, performing ageing on the part to be repaired by using potassium permanganate on the repairing surface to enable the color of the part to be repaired to be close to that of the stone carving component, improving the integrity of the stone carving component, and then coating by using a hardening agent to improve the strength, hardness and compactness of the repairing surface layer, thereby prolonging the service life of the repairing surface layer.
And S7, sealing and protecting, namely cleaning the surface of the stone carving component to be repaired with purified water, then painting the surface of the stone carving component to be repaired with absolute ethyl alcohol, volatilizing moisture, drying, painting and spraying a layer of waterproof finish for sealing and protecting, reducing the corrosion of rainwater to the stone carving component, and prolonging the service life of the repaired stone carving component.
The implementation principle of the ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process is as follows:
firstly, a repair plan is made according to site investigation, then the base layer is cleaned according to the repair plan, and then primer sealing work is carried out, so that the bonding effect of the glued object is improved. And then using the prepared jelly for pasting and repairing, polishing the repaired part according to the stone carving component, cleaning the polished repaired surface, making the repaired surface old, then coating a hardening agent to improve the overall performance, finally spraying waterproof finish on the whole, sealing and protecting the whole, and finishing the repairing work.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The construction process for protecting and repairing the stone carving component of the ancient building is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, current situation investigation, namely recording current situation characters, shooting pictures and video, drawing a damaged lesion map, referring to the displayed residual structure according to the original situation data of the stone carving component, analyzing the condition of the lesion, and performing repairing operation;
s2, cleaning a base layer, removing surface floating ash, oil stain and weathered loose objects on the part to be repaired of the stone carving component, cleaning and desalting by using purified water, and airing to keep the surface of the stone carving component dry;
s3, sealing the primer, firstly, observing the depth of the part to be repaired, and preprocessing the part to be repaired according to the observation condition;
s4, pasting and repairing, namely taking glue, adding sodium bicarbonate powder or rice flour into the glue, mixing to form jelly, adding powder matched with the color of the stone carving component for color matching, and coating the colored jelly on the part to be repaired;
s5, grinding, namely grinding the part to be repaired by using sand paper according to the stone carving component prototype, and then removing powder by using clean cloth;
s6, reinforcing, and brushing a hardening agent on the surface of the stone carving component;
and S7, sealing and protecting, namely cleaning the surface of the stone carving component to be repaired with purified water, then painting the surface of the stone carving component to be repaired with absolute ethyl alcohol, volatilizing water, drying, and painting and spraying a layer of waterproof finish for sealing and protecting.
2. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, firstly, the soft hairbrush is used for cleaning floating ash of the base layer, then the iron brush is used for polishing and cleaning oil stains and weathered loose objects of the base layer, then the soft hairbrush is used for cleaning polished powder, and finally, the wet sponge is used for wiping the surface of the base layer to clean the base layer.
3. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: and in the second step, firstly, soaking neutral filter paper in ionized water, mashing the neutral filter paper into pulp after the paper is soaked thoroughly, squeezing out water, replacing clean ionized water for continuous soaking for several times to achieve the desalting effect, then attaching the neutral filter paper to the surface of the part to be repaired, spraying purified water to the paper pulp every 2 hours to keep the paper pulp moist, and absorbing salt by the paper pulp through capillaries in the stone.
4. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the part to be repaired comprises linear damage, planar damage and massive damage, and if the part to be repaired is linear damage such as cracks and cracks, the bottom of the part to be repaired is sprayed with the sealing primer in a spraying mode;
if the non-stone carving pattern part of the part to be repaired is damaged in a planar manner after the whole surface is separated, a coating mode is adopted, the whole surface is firstly primed, then the same stone material is adopted to match the part to be repaired, and the stone material of the part to be repaired and the stone carving member are bonded by using an adhesive until the damaged surface is flat;
if the whole surface of the stone carving pattern part of the part to be repaired is damaged in a planar manner, the whole surface is primed in a coating manner, then the same food materials are adopted to match the parts to be repaired, an adhesive machine is used for bonding the stone material of the repaired part and the stone carving member until the damaged surface is flat, and then the operation in the fourth step is carried out, so that the colored jelly is coated on the part to be repaired, and the damaged part is complete.
5. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the third step, if the part to be repaired is damaged in a block shape and the damage depth of the part to be repaired is larger than 5mm, filling filler into the part to be repaired, leveling and shaping the part to be repaired, reserving a surface layer with the depth of 3-5mm, and then coating a transparent sealing primer once, wherein the filler comprises putty, white cement slurry and mortar, a layered bonding method is adopted, the innermost layer is filled with the mortar, the middle layer is filled with the white cement slurry, and the outermost layer is filled with the putty.
6. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the third step, if the part is damaged in a block shape and the damage depth of the part to be repaired is less than or equal to 5mm, the transparent sealing primer is coated on the cleaned base layer once.
7. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the thickness of the jelly coated each time is less than or equal to 1mm until the shape standard of the repaired stone carving component is achieved.
8. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fifth step, firstly, using 80-mesh sand paper to preliminarily polish the part to be repaired, polishing a preliminary outline, then using 180-mesh sand paper to polish the part to be repaired, polishing a finished outline, and finally cleaning a polished surface by using wet sponge.
9. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and fifthly, using potassium permanganate to age the part to be repaired in the brushing hardening agent.
10. The ancient building stone carving component protection and repair construction process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, if the original design drawing of the repair part is lacked, the part to be repaired is repaired and reinforced by putty.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115464722A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-13 | 吉林鲁能漫江生态旅游开发有限公司 | Paint repairing process for wood structure or solid wood external decorative wall surface |
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