CN114342738A - Earthing base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Earthing base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342738A CN114342738A CN202210012800.XA CN202210012800A CN114342738A CN 114342738 A CN114342738 A CN 114342738A CN 202210012800 A CN202210012800 A CN 202210012800A CN 114342738 A CN114342738 A CN 114342738A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil covering base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production and a preparation method thereof, wherein the soil covering base material adopts clay loam, manure and straws as main matrix materials, compared with peat soil, the raw material cost is reduced, the material taking is convenient, the material taking can be realized nearby, the transportation cost is reduced, in addition, renewable resources such as manure and straw materials are used as main components to meet the environmental protection requirement, and the produced soil covering base material can be directly used for large-scale agaricus bisporus production by factories or farmers; the soil covering base material obtained by fermenting manure and adding beneficial microorganisms, compounds and the like externally has higher fertility, better physicochemical property and beneficial microorganism activity, is suitable for the growth of agaricus bisporus and is qualified high-quality soil covering. The efficiency of agaricus bisporus fruiting can be improved, and the yield and the quality of agaricus bisporus are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agaricus bisporus cultivation, and particularly relates to a covering soil base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Agaricus bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the widest-range edible fungi cultivated in the world. The agaricus bisporus earthing directly influences the yield, quality and growth period of agaricus bisporus, different earthing base materials have extremely obvious influence on the growth of agaricus bisporus hyphae and the formation of seed solids, and the existing better earthing base material is natural peat soil. The earthing treatment is an essential process for fruiting the agaricus bisporus, and the agaricus bisporus hardly grows without earthing. The covering soil can provide an environment for the growth of agaricus bisporus hypha and specific symbiotic bacteria to form a fruiting body, substances for inhibiting the growth of the agaricus bisporus can be generated in the growth process, and the inhibiting effect can be relieved by the covering soil.
The soil covering is considered by Stoller and the like in the United states to reduce the concentration of substances for inhibiting the growth of the agaricus bisporus until the agaricus bisporus cannot be inhibited from fruiting, and Chinese scholars find that the substances for inhibiting the agaricus bisporus can be ethylene; the researches of Park and Hayes and the like show that the bacterium stimulating and promoting the fruiting of the agaricus bisporus is mainly Pseudomonas putida (Pseudomonas putida), and the bacterium can utilize gas metabolites produced by agaricus bisporus hypha to grow and propagate.
Although the soil covering base materials are researched more at present, the research on the interaction mechanism of the soil covering base materials and the agaricus bisporus is not clear. When mushroom farmers use local soil, mixed materials such as manure and the like are combined for fermentation, the covering soil treatment of the agaricus bisporus is carried out, but the fruiting quality and the yield are not as good as the covering soil treatment effect of the factory-like peat soil. However, because peat soil is a non-renewable resource and the transportation cost is high, soil, straw, manure and non-metallic minerals which are rich in natural resources and locally available are utilized to produce the agaricus bisporus casing soil material, and the method has great significance for promoting the development of agaricus bisporus industry and meeting market supply.
CN109287377A discloses a cultivation method of agaricus bisporus culture medium material, which comprises the following raw and auxiliary materials in parts by weight: 72-156 parts of corn straws, 104-188 parts of wheat straws, 160-220 parts of chicken manure and 3-4 parts of gypsum;
CN100546462 discloses a method for cultivating agaricus bisporus by using biogas residues of animal waste raw materials, wherein the culture medium for cultivating agaricus bisporus by using biogas residues comprises the following steps: 4000 parts of biogas residues, 2000-5000 parts of forage, 2000 parts of excrement powder, 40-120 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-60 parts of urea, 60-200 parts of lime powder, 30-180 parts of gypsum powder and 30-60 parts of calcium carbonate powder.
In the two disclosed techniques, the provided culture medium has disadvantages in improving the growth efficiency and quality of agaricus bisporus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil covering base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems that the soil covering base material for agaricus bisporus production in the prior art is poor in quality and affects the quality of agaricus bisporus, and high-quality soil covering base material peat soil belongs to non-renewable resources and cannot be used for fully utilizing organic fertilizers.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a soil covering base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production has the porosity of 8-10%, the water retention rate of 75-85% and the EC value of 600 +/-100 mu s/cm.
As a further aspect of the invention, the casing base is prepared by the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 15: 1-1.5, adding manure and corn stalks, inoculating a fermentation microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a premix;
step two: placing the premix in an aerobic environment for film-covering fermentation to obtain a stack retting fermentation material;
step three: adding clay loam, kaolin and zeolite into the stack retting fermented material, uniformly mixing to obtain a first composite soil material, and crushing the first composite soil material and sieving the first composite soil material by a 4-25-mesh sieve;
step four: adding polyacrylamide, corn starch and soybean milk into the composite soil I, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite soil II;
step five: adding pseudomonas putida, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the composite soil II, uniformly mixing, adding water until the mixture has the maximum water holding rate, and then adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate into the mixture;
step six: covering with a film, fermenting to thoroughly decompose, air drying to normal temperature, and adding lime powder to adjust pH to 7.0-8.0.
As a further scheme of the invention, in the step one, the manure is pig manure and cow manure according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, adding water to adjust the water content to 65-80 percent after mixing; cutting corn stalks into particles of 2-3 cm; the fermentation inoculum is 4% of EM bacteria.
As a further scheme of the invention, in the second step, the premix is placed in an aerobic environment for film-covering fermentation for 7-9 days, and pile turning is carried out when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃.
As a further scheme of the invention, in the third step, the weight ratio of the retting fermentation material, clay loam, kaolin and zeolite in the first composite soil material is 10: 10: 1-3: 0.5-1.5.
As a further scheme of the invention, in the fourth step, the weight ratio of the composite soil material I, the corn starch, the soybean milk and the polyacrylamide in the composite soil material II is 100: 3-7: 3-7: 0.5-2.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, in the fifth step, the amount of triacontanol added is 0.1% of the second weight of the composite soil, and the amount of calcium carbonate added is 1.5% of the second weight of the composite soil.
As a further scheme of the invention, in the fifth step, the weight ratio of the composite soil material II, the pseudomonas putida, the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the yeast is 100: 1: 1: 1: 1; and in the sixth step, the conditions of film covering fermentation are that the pile is turned over and the fermentation is continued for 48 hours after the fermentation is carried out for 48 hours.
As a further scheme of the invention, the earthing substrate is laid when the agaricus bisporus mycelium overgrows the material layer and is close to the bed bottom, and the laying thickness of the earthing substrate is 3.5-4.0 cm.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the earthing base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production, and the preparation method of the earthing base material comprises the following steps:
step one, according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 15: 1-1.5, adding manure and corn stalks, inoculating a fermentation microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a premix;
secondly, placing the premix in an aerobic environment for film covering fermentation to obtain a stack retting fermentation material;
thirdly, adding clay loam, kaolin and zeolite into the stack retting fermented material, uniformly mixing to obtain a first composite soil material, and crushing the first composite soil material and sieving the first composite soil material by a 4-25-mesh sieve;
fourthly, adding polyacrylamide, corn starch and soybean milk into the first composite soil material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a second composite soil material;
fifthly, adding pseudomonas putida, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the composite soil II, uniformly mixing, adding water until the mixture has the maximum water holding rate, and then adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate into the mixture;
sixthly, covering a film for fermentation until the film is thoroughly decomposed, airing to normal temperature, and adding lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the clay loam, the manure and the straw are used as main matrix materials, compared with peat soil, the material taking cost is reduced, the material taking is convenient, the material taking can be realized nearby, the transportation cost is reduced, and in addition, renewable resources such as the manure and the straw material are used as main components to meet the requirement of environmental protection;
(2) the soil covering base material obtained by fermenting manure and adding beneficial microorganisms, compounds and the like externally has higher fertility, better physicochemical property and beneficial microorganism activity, is suitable for the growth of agaricus bisporus and is qualified high-quality soil covering. Wherein the content of organic matters can reach 35 +/-5%, the content of nitrogen is 2.0 +/-0.2%, and the content of ammonia is less than or equal to 10 mg/L; the aggregate structure is uniform and consistent, the permeability is good, the porosity is 8-10%, the compaction volume weight is 500 +/-50 g/L, the water retention rate is up to 75-85%, the EC value is 600 +/-100 mu s/cm, and the pH value is stabilized at 7.0-8.0; the concentration of the beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the base material is more than or equal to 106cfu/g；
(3) The soil covering base material can improve the fruiting efficiency of the agaricus bisporus and improve the yield and the quality of the agaricus bisporus;
(4) compared with the traditional high-quality peat soil, the soil covering base material has the same good porosity and water retention rate, and in addition, the EC value of the soil covering base material is 600 +/-100 mu s/cm, so that the soil covering base material is more favorable for the production and development of mushrooms and the improvement of the growth efficiency and quality of the agaricus bisporus compared with the EC value of the peat soil of about 1500 mu s/cm.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a soil covering base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production comprises the following steps:
firstly, manure pretreatment: taking fresh pig manure and cow manure of a farm according to a weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing in proportion, and adding water to adjust the water content to about 75% for later use;
step two, straw pretreatment: taking corn straws of peripheral farmlands, and cutting the corn straws into 2-3 cm for later use;
step three, adding a fermentation bacterium agent for mixing materials: adding the mixture into a stirrer according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 15: 1, adding manure and corn straws, inoculating 4% of EM bacteria, and stirring to obtain a premix;
the inoculated fermentation microbial agent is an EM microbial agent, and the EM microbial agent is added in the manure fermentation process to promote the rapid propagation of beneficial microorganisms, rapidly decompose organic matters in manure and straws, improve the fermentation temperature, inhibit or even kill harmful organisms such as germs and ova, absorb and decompose malodorous and harmful substances, and improve the fertilizer efficiency;
step four, fermentation: placing the premix obtained in the third step in an aerobic environment for film-covering fermentation for 8 days to obtain a retting fermented material for later use, and turning when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ in the period;
fifthly, adding clay loam, kaolin and zeolite mixed materials: retting the fermented material, clay loam, kaolin and zeolite according to the proportion of 10: 10: 2: 1, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a first composite soil material;
clay loam is soil convenient to obtain, kaolin is a non-metal mineral product and contains abundant non-metal elements, zeolite has high adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity and can be used as a soil conditioner, and the added zeolite can increase the granular structure in the soil, increase the porosity of the soil and reduce the volume weight, thereby improving the permeability and water retention of the soil;
sixthly, pulverizing and sieving: crushing the first composite soil material and sieving the crushed first composite soil material with a 10-mesh sieve for later use;
and seventhly, adding polyacrylamide, corn starch and soybean milk: mixing the composite soil I, corn starch, soybean milk and polyacrylamide according to the proportion of 100: 5: 5: 1, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a second composite soil material;
the water-retaining, soil-retaining and fertilizer-retaining capacities of common soil are poor, and the water-retaining, soil-retaining and fertilizer-retaining capacities of soil fertilizers can be improved by adding polyacrylamide; the addition of corn starch and soybean milk is helpful for generating more beneficial microorganisms in the covering soil, removing toxins in the covering soil and increasing the viscosity of the covering soil.
Eighth step, adding pseudomonas putida, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast: mixing the composite soil II, pseudomonas putida, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast according to the proportion of 100: 1: 1: 1: 1, fully and uniformly mixing;
the pseudomonas putida is a bacterium which stimulates and promotes the fruiting of the agaricus bisporus, and the pseudomonas putida can grow and reproduce by utilizing a gas metabolite generated by agaricus bisporus hyphae; photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes are beneficial to promoting the vegetative growth of agaricus bisporus and the growth of hypha and fruiting bodies, improving the fruiting rate, decomposing mixed bacteria and reducing rotten mushrooms.
Ninth, adding water: adding water until the maximum water holding rate of the covering soil is reserved, wherein the water holding rate of the covering soil is 82 percent;
the water holding rate of the agaricus bisporus casing base material is positively correlated with the yield of the agaricus bisporus, so that the higher water holding rate of the casing base material is ensured;
step ten, adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate: adding 0.1% of trialkyl alcohol and 1.5% of calcium carbonate;
triacontanol is a natural plant growth regulator, low-concentration triacontanol can stimulate and accelerate the growth of agaricus bisporus hypha, accelerate the fruiting, shorten the annual fruiting period and is harmless to human and livestock; the calcium carbonate can improve acid soil and increase nutrients, wherein calcium ions can be used as a soil colloid to improve the soil structure;
step ten, covering a film for fermentation: covering the soil with a film, fermenting for 48h, turning over the pile, continuing to ferment for 48h, fully decomposing the soil, opening the pile and drying the pile to normal temperature;
step ten, adjusting the pH: adding appropriate amount of lime powder to adjust pH to 7.0-7.5;
when the pH value of the agaricus bisporus casing base material is 7-8, the agaricus bisporus casing base material is not only suitable for the growth of agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies, but also can prevent mould pollution.
Example 2
A preparation method of a soil covering base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production comprises the following steps:
firstly, manure pretreatment: taking fresh pig manure and cow manure of a farm according to a weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing in proportion, and adding water to adjust the water content to 75% for later use;
step two, straw pretreatment: taking corn straws of peripheral farmlands, and cutting the corn straws into 2-3 cm;
step three, adding a fermentation bacterium agent for mixing materials: adding the mixture into a stirrer according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 15: 1, adding manure and corn straws, inoculating 4% of EM bacteria, and stirring to obtain a premix;
the inoculated fermentation microbial agent is an EM microbial agent, and the EM microbial agent is added in the manure fermentation process to promote the rapid propagation of beneficial microorganisms, rapidly decompose organic matters in manure and straws, improve the fermentation temperature, inhibit or even kill harmful organisms such as germs and ova, absorb and decompose malodorous and harmful substances, and improve the fertilizer efficiency;
step four, fermentation: placing the premix obtained in the third step in an aerobic environment for film-covering fermentation for 9 days to obtain a retting fermented material for later use, and turning when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ in the period;
fifthly, adding clay loam, kaolin and zeolite mixed materials: retting the fermented material, clay loam, kaolin and zeolite according to the proportion of 10: 10: 2: 1.5, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a first composite soil material;
sixthly, pulverizing and sieving: crushing the first composite soil material and sieving the crushed first composite soil material with a 10-mesh sieve for later use;
and seventhly, adding polyacrylamide, corn starch and soybean milk: mixing the composite soil I, corn starch, soybean milk and polyacrylamide according to the proportion of 100: 5: 5: 1.5, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a second composite soil material;
eighth step, adding pseudomonas putida, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast: mixing the composite soil II, pseudomonas putida, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast according to the proportion of 100: 1: 1: 1: 1, fully and uniformly mixing;
ninth, adding water: adding water until the maximum water holding rate of the covering soil is reserved, wherein the water holding rate of the covering soil is 85 percent;
step ten, adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate: adding 0.1% of trialkyl alcohol and 1.5% of calcium carbonate;
step ten, covering a film for fermentation: covering the soil with a film, fermenting for 48h, turning over the pile, continuing to ferment for 48h, fully decomposing the soil, opening the pile and drying the pile to normal temperature;
step ten, adjusting the pH: adding appropriate amount of lime powder to adjust pH to 7.5-8.0.
Comparing the physical and chemical indexes of the soil covering base material produced and prepared according to the method in the embodiment 1, the soil covering base material produced and prepared according to the method in the embodiment 2, the common clay loam and the peat soil, wherein the number of samples in each group is 20, collecting sample data, and obtaining the following specific results:
the content of organic matters in the soil covering base material can reach 35 +/-5%, and the content of ammonia is less than or equal to 10 mg/L; the aggregate structure is uniform and consistent, the permeability is good, the porosity is 8-10%, the compaction volume weight is 500 +/-50 g/L, the water retention rate is up to 75-85%, and the EC value is 600 +/-100 mu s/cm; is suitable for the growth of the agaricus bisporus, and is qualified high-quality earthing.
The comparison results in the table show that the covering soil base material prepared by the invention has uniform particles, good porosity, good permeability, equivalent water retention rate to peat soil and better overall performance, and is beneficial to improving the yield of the agaricus bisporus;
the covering soil base material is laid when agaricus bisporus hypha grows to fill a material layer and is close to the bottom of a bed, and the laying thickness is 3.5-4 cm; the effect of the soil covering base material is equivalent to that of peat soil covering, but the cost of the material and the transportation cost are low, so that the cost for producing the agaricus bisporus can be reduced by 10-15 percent. Compared with the conventional agaricus bisporus production yield, the yield is increased by 5% -8%, the quality is improved by 1-2 grades, the annual crop rotation frequency of a mushroom house is improved to 8.5 times, and therefore the agaricus bisporus cultivation income is effectively improved.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An earthing base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production, which is characterized in that,
the porosity of the earthing base material is 8-10%, the water retention rate is 75-85%, and the EC value is 600 +/-100 mu s/cm.
2. The covering soil base material for scale-up agaricus bisporus production according to claim 1, which is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 15: 1-1.5, adding manure and corn stalks, inoculating a fermentation microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a premix;
step two: placing the premix in an aerobic environment for film-covering fermentation to obtain a stack retting fermentation material;
step three: adding clay loam, kaolin and zeolite into the stack retting fermented material, uniformly mixing to obtain a first composite soil material, and crushing the first composite soil material and sieving the first composite soil material by a 4-25-mesh sieve;
step four: adding polyacrylamide, corn starch and soybean milk into the composite soil I, and uniformly mixing to obtain a composite soil II;
step five: adding pseudomonas putida, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the composite soil II, uniformly mixing, adding water until the mixture has the maximum water holding rate, and then adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate into the mixture;
step six: covering with a film, fermenting to thoroughly decompose, air drying to normal temperature, and adding lime powder to adjust pH to 7.0-8.0.
3. The covering soil base material for scale agaricus bisporus production according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the manure is pig manure and cow manure in a weight ratio of 1: 3, adding water to adjust the water content to 65-80 percent after mixing; cutting corn stalks into particles of 2-3 cm; the fermentation inoculum is 4% of EM bacteria.
4. The soil covering base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the premix is placed in an aerobic environment for membrane covering fermentation for 7-9 days, and during the period, the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ for turning.
5. The covering soil base material for scale production of agaricus bisporus as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the third step, the weight ratio of the retting fermented material, clay loam, kaolin and zeolite in the first composite soil material is 10: 10: 1-3: 0.5-1.5.
6. The soil covering base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the weight ratio of the first composite soil material, the corn starch, the soybean milk and the polyacrylamide in the second composite soil material is 100: 3-7: 3-7: 0.5-2.
7. The covering soil base material for scale agaricus bisporus production according to claim 2, wherein in the fifth step, the addition amount of triacontanol is 0.1% of the second weight of the composite soil material, and the addition amount of calcium carbonate is 1.5% of the second weight of the composite soil material.
8. The soil covering base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production according to claim 2, wherein in the fifth step, the weight ratio of the composite soil material II, the pseudomonas putida, the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the yeast is 100: 1: 1: 1: 1; and in the sixth step, the conditions of film covering fermentation are that the pile is turned over and the fermentation is continued for 48 hours after the fermentation is carried out for 48 hours.
9. The covering soil base material for scale agaricus bisporus production according to claim 2, wherein the covering soil base material is laid when agaricus bisporus mycelium overgrows a material layer close to a bed bottom, and the laying thickness of the covering soil base material is 3.5-4.0 cm.
10. A preparation method of a casing base material for large-scale agaricus bisporus production is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 15: 1-1.5, adding manure and corn stalks, inoculating a fermentation microbial inoculum, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a premix;
secondly, placing the premix in an aerobic environment for film covering fermentation to obtain a stack retting fermentation material;
thirdly, adding clay loam, kaolin and zeolite into the stack retting fermented material, uniformly mixing to obtain a first composite soil material, and crushing the first composite soil material and sieving the first composite soil material by a 4-25-mesh sieve;
fourthly, adding polyacrylamide, corn starch and soybean milk into the first composite soil material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a second composite soil material;
fifthly, adding pseudomonas putida, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the composite soil II, uniformly mixing, adding water until the mixture has the maximum water holding rate, and then adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate into the mixture;
sixthly, covering a film for fermentation until the film is thoroughly decomposed, airing to normal temperature, and adding lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0.
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