CN117413727A - Method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw material - Google Patents
Method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN117413727A CN117413727A CN202311453786.8A CN202311453786A CN117413727A CN 117413727 A CN117413727 A CN 117413727A CN 202311453786 A CN202311453786 A CN 202311453786A CN 117413727 A CN117413727 A CN 117413727A
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000251953 Agaricus brunnescens Species 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000589776 Pseudomonas putida Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 13
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- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000589540 Pseudomonas fluorescens Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940005347 alcaligenes faecalis Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract description 5
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- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungi cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw materials. The covering soil produced by the invention uses clay loam, kaolin, fully decomposed manure and wheat straw mixture as main materials, polyacrylamide, wheat starch, soybean milk, triacontanol, calcium carbonate and the like as additives, and meanwhile, the accompanying bacteria are added to obtain the product, so that compared with black soil, the material cost is reduced, the material taking is realized nearby, and the transportation cost is reduced. The produced earthing granules have loose structure, excellent air permeability and water retention, can completely replace black soil when being used for industrial agaricus bisporus production, and has short tide period, high yield and high first-order mushroom occupation ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungi cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw materials.
Background
The agaricus bisporus (agaricus bisporus) is also called agaricus bisporus or white mushroom, is one of the most widely cultivated edible mushrooms worldwide, and belongs to fungi of the mushroom family and the mushroom genus. The agaricus bisporus fungus meat is white and thick, slightly turns light red after injury, has the special smell of mushrooms, and contains rich proteins, amino acids and vitamins. The agaricus bisporus can also be used for medicines, and has remarkable effects in reducing blood pressure, resisting bacteria, resisting tumors, resisting diabetes and the like. The current large-scale agaricus bisporus production range is increased year by year, and the agaricus bisporus is favored by consumers due to the advantages of delicious taste, good eating, health promotion and the like.
The earthing process is an important step in the mass production of the agaricus bisporus, and directly affects the quality and yield of the produced agaricus bisporus. Different soil covers have extremely obvious influence on the growth of agaricus bisporus mycelium and the formation of fruiting bodies, and the soil covers are preferably black soil in nature at present, and the black soil has the advantages of rich nutrition, strong water retention, large porosity and the like. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties of the black soil must be simulated to replace the black soil as the agaricus bisporus covering soil.
At present, mushroom farmers use local soil, and perform double-spore mushroom earthing treatment after being fermented by mixing materials such as manure, but the fruiting quality and the yield are not as good as those of the mushroom farmers using black soil in factory. Researches show that the black soil is rich in pseudomonas putida flora, and has the advantages of rich nutrition, strong water retention, large porosity and the like, wherein the pseudomonas putida flora is beneficial microorganism for the growth of agaricus bisporus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw materials, and the prepared earthing has the characteristics of loose aggregate structure, excellent air permeability and water retention property and the like. The covering soil prepared by the method can completely replace black soil, and the produced agaricus bisporus has short tide period, high yield and higher first-stage mushroom occupation ratio.
Specifically, the invention provides a method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw materials, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing manure and wheat straw according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-35:1, inoculating a microbial fermentation inoculant, and fully fermenting to obtain a straw mixture rotten clinker;
(2) Mixing straw mixture rotten clinker, clay loam and kaolin with zeolite, crushing and sieving with a 4-25 mesh sieve to obtain a main earthing material;
(3) Adding polyacrylamide, wheat starch and soybean milk into the main earthing material, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain an earthing premix;
(4) Adding 1% -3% of accompanying bacteria into the earthing premix and fully and uniformly mixing, wherein the accompanying bacteria are a composition of pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, alcaligenes faecalis and bacillus subtilis, the pseudomonas putida accounts for 60% -80% by weight, the pseudomonas fluorescens accounts for 6% -15% by weight, the alcaligenes faecalis accounts for 6% -15% by weight, and the bacillus subtilis accounts for 6% -15% by weight;
(5) Adding water to the maximum water holding rate of the covering soil;
(6) Adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate, and fully and uniformly mixing;
(7) Covering the membrane for fermentation, fully decomposing the covering soil, and then taking off and airing to normal temperature;
(8) Adding lime powder to adjust pH to 7.0-8.0 for later use.
Further, in step (1), the manure comprises rice hull chicken manure. The rice hull chicken manure is commercially available.
Further, in step (1), the manure may further include pig manure, for example, the pig manure may be prepared as follows: mixing fresh pig manure and cow manure in a weight ratio of 1:3, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70-80% for standby.
Further, the wheat straw is pre-treated to cut into 2-3 cm particles.
Further, the microbial fermentation inoculum is inoculated in an amount of 2.5%.
Further, the microbial fermentation inoculant is EM bacteria.
Further, in step (1), the fermentation is a film-covered fermentation.
Further, in step (1), the fermentation time is 10 days to 2 months, for example, 10 days, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, etc.
Further, in the step (1), the pile-turning cooling is performed when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ during the fermentation.
Further, in step (2), the weight ratio of straw mixture clinker, clay loam, kaolin to zeolite is 12-15:10:1-3:1-1.5, e.g. 15:10:2:1, 15:10:2:1.5.
Further, in the step (3), the weight ratio of the main soil covering material, the polyacrylamide, the wheat starch and the soybean milk is 100:3-7:3-7:0.5-2, for example, 100:5:5:1, 100:5:5:1.5.
Further, in the step (4), the companion bacteria include pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, alcaligenes faecalis and bacillus subtilis mixed in equal mass proportions.
Further, in the step (5), water is added until the water content is 75% -85%.
Further, in the step (6), the addition amounts of triacontanol and calcium carbonate were 0.1% and 1.5%, respectively.
Further, in the step (7), the cover film fermentation comprises the step of fermenting the cover film for 48 hours, turning the stack and continuing the fermentation for 48 hours.
Further, the method may further comprise sterilizing with formaldehyde before using the agaricus bisporus casing, and then adjusting the water content to 75% -85% of the maximum water holding capacity of the casing. Further, the formaldehyde solution used was 35% by volume.
Further, the agaricus bisporus covered soil produced by the method has uniform aggregate structure, 8-10% of porosity, 75-85% of water retention, 600+ -100 mu s/cm of EC value, 35+ -5% of organic matter, 2.0-2.2% of nitrogen content, less than or equal to 9.5mg/L of ammonia content and 7.0-8.0 of pH value, and the concentration of the beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the agaricus bisporus covered soil is more than or equal to 10 6 cfu/g。
In an embodiment of the invention, there is also provided a bisporous mushroom casing prepared by the method as described herein. The granule structure of the agaricus bisporus earthing is uniform and consistent, the porosity is 8% -10%, the water retention rate is 75% -85%, the EC value is 600+/-100 mu s/cm, the organic matter content is 35+/-5%, the nitrogen content is 2.0-2.2%, the ammonia content is less than or equal to 9.5mg/L, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and the concentration of the beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the agaricus bisporus earthing is more than or equal to 10 6 cfu/g。
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided the use of the agaricus bisporus casing prepared by the method as described herein for producing agaricus bisporus.
Further, the use of the agaricus bisporus earthing for producing agaricus bisporus comprises that the agaricus bisporus earthing and agaricus bisporus fermentation materials are paved on a cultivation bed at the same time, the paving thickness of the fermentation materials is 23 cm-27 cm, and the paving thickness of the agaricus bisporus earthing is 4.5-5.5cm.
Further, the aggregate structure of the agaricus bisporus earthing is uniform and consistent, the porosity is 8% -10%, the water retention rate is 75% -85%, the EC value is 600+/-100 mu s/cm, the organic matter content is 35+/-5%, the nitrogen content is 2.0-2.2%, the ammonia content is less than or equal to 9.5mg/L, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and the concentration of the beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the agaricus bisporus earthing is more than or equal to 10 6 cfu/g。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the clay loam, the kaolin, the thoroughly decomposed mixture of the manure and the wheat straw are used as main raw materials, so that compared with black soil, the raw material cost is reduced, the nearby material taking is realized, the transportation cost is reduced, and renewable resources are used as main components, so that the environment-friendly requirement is met;
(2) The soil covering agent is prepared from thoroughly decomposed manure and wheat straw mixture, polyacrylamide, wheat starch, soybean milk, associated bacteria, triacontanol, calcium carbonate and other external additives, has high soil covering fertility, good physicochemical property and good beneficial microorganism activity, is free from pathogenic bacteria such as pathogenic intestinal flora and pseudomonas putrefying bacteria, is suitable for growth of agaricus bisporus, and is qualified and high-quality soil covering;
the soil-covered aggregate structure is uniform and consistent, the porosity is 8% -10%, the water retention is 75% -85%, the EC value is 600+ -100 mu s/cm, the organic matter content is 35+ -5%, the compaction volume weight is 500+ -50 g/L, the nitrogen content is 2.0-2.2%, the ammonia content is less than or equal to 9.5mg/L, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, the concentration of beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the base material is more than or equal to 10 6 cfu/g, compared with the common earthing, the yield of the agaricus bisporus produced by the invention is increased by 5-8%, and the yield of the first-stage agaricus bisporus is increased by 10-15%;
(3) Compared with the traditional black soil and clay, the covering soil provided by the invention has a microbial environment suitable for the growth of the agaricus bisporus, and the companion fungus added into the covering soil can promote the transformation of the agaricus bisporus fruiting body, so that the tide period of the agaricus bisporus is shortened, and the yield ratio of the agaricus bisporus to the first-stage agaricus bisporus is improved;
(4) Compared with black soil, the covered soil disclosed by the invention has an EC value of 600+/-100 mu s/cm, can provide a more suitable environment for the growth of agaricus bisporus mycelium, and is beneficial to the climbing of the agaricus bisporus mycelium.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention are those conventional in the art.
The invention provides a method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw materials, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing manure and wheat straw according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-35:1, inoculating a microbial fermentation inoculant, and fully fermenting to obtain a straw mixture rotten clinker;
preferably, the inoculated fermentation microbial inoculum is an EM microbial inoculum, and the EM microbial inoculum is added in the manure fermentation process to promote beneficial microorganisms to quickly reproduce, quickly decompose organic matters in manure and straws, improve the fermentation temperature, inhibit or even kill harmful organisms such as bacteria, ova and the like, absorb and decompose malodor and harmful substances, and improve the fertilizer efficiency;
(2) Mixing straw mixture rotten clinker, clay loam and kaolin with zeolite, crushing and sieving with a 4-25 mesh sieve to obtain a main earthing material;
the clay loam is soil which is convenient to obtain, the kaolin is a nonmetallic mineral product and contains rich nonmetallic elements, and the zeolite has high adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity and can be used as a soil conditioner, and the addition of the zeolite can increase the aggregate structure in the soil, increase the porosity of the soil and reduce the volume weight, so that the permeability and the water retention of the soil are improved;
(3) Adding polyacrylamide, wheat starch and soybean milk into the main earthing material, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain an earthing premix;
the common soil has poor water retention, soil retention and fertilizer retention capacity, and the polyacrylamide can be added to increase the water retention, soil retention and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil fertilizer; wheat starch and soybean milk are added, so that more beneficial microorganisms are generated in the covering soil, toxins in the covering soil are removed, and the viscosity of the covering soil is increased;
(4) Adding 1% -3% of accompanying bacteria into the earthing premix and fully and uniformly mixing, wherein the accompanying bacteria are a composition of pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, alcaligenes faecalis and bacillus subtilis, the pseudomonas putida accounts for 60% -80% by weight, the pseudomonas fluorescens accounts for 6% -15% by weight, the alcaligenes faecalis accounts for 6% -15% by weight, and the bacillus subtilis accounts for 6% -15% by weight;
(5) Adding water to the maximum water holding rate of the covering soil;
(6) Adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate, and fully and uniformly mixing;
the triacontanol is a natural plant growth regulator, and the triacontanol with low concentration can stimulate and accelerate the growth of agaricus bisporus hyphae, accelerate fruiting, shorten the annual fruiting period and is harmless to people and livestock; the calcium carbonate can improve acid soil and nutrient, wherein calcium ions can be used as soil glue to improve soil structure;
(7) Covering the membrane for fermentation, fully decomposing the covering soil, and then taking off and airing to normal temperature;
(8) Adding lime powder to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0 for later use;
the pH value of the agaricus bisporus earthing is 7-8, which is not only suitable for the growth of agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies, but also can prevent mould pollution.
More specific exemplary embodiments are described below.
Example 1
A preparation method of a method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw materials comprises the following steps:
firstly, manure pretreatment: taking rice husk chicken manure, and adding water to adjust the water content to be about 60% for standby;
secondly, straw pretreatment: taking wheat straw in peripheral farmlands, and cutting the wheat straw into 2-3 cm for standby;
thirdly, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and mixing: into the stirrer, the carbon-nitrogen ratio was 25:1, adding manure and wheat straw, inoculating 2.5% of EM bacteria, and stirring to obtain premix;
fourth, fermenting: placing the premix obtained in the third step in an aerobic environment, performing film-covered natural fermentation for 2 months to obtain straw mixture rotting clinker, and turning and cooling when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃;
fifthly, adding clay loam, kaolin and zeolite to mix: the straw mixture is decomposed into clinker, clay loam, kaolin and zeolite according to 15:10:2:1, fully and uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight proportion to obtain a main earthing material;
sixth, powdering and sieving: crushing the main earthing material and sieving the crushed main earthing material with a 10-mesh sieve for standby;
seventh, adding acrylamide, wheat starch and soybean milk: the main soil-covering material, wheat starch, soybean milk and polyacrylamide are mixed according to the proportion of 100:5:5:1, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a soil covering premix;
eighth step, adding associated bacteria: adding 3% of companion bacteria, wherein the companion bacteria adopted in the example 1 are a composition of pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, alcaligenes faecalis and bacillus subtilis, and the pseudomonas putida accounts for 70% wt, the pseudomonas fluorescens accounts for 10% wt, the alcaligenes faecalis accounts for 10% wt, and the bacillus subtilis accounts for 10% wt; adding the mixture into the soil-covering premix and fully and uniformly mixing;
ninth, adding water: adding water until the maximum water holding capacity of the covering soil is reserved, wherein the water holding capacity of the covering soil is 82%;
tenth, adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate: adding 0.1% of trialkanol and 1.5% of calcium carbonate;
eleventh step, cover film fermentation: covering the film for fermentation for 48 hours, turning the pile, continuing to ferment for 48 hours, fully decomposing the covering soil, and then taking off and airing to normal temperature;
twelfth, adjusting the pH: adding appropriate amount of lime powder to adjust pH to 7.0-7.5.
Example 2
A preparation method of a method for producing agaricus bisporus earthing based on soil raw materials comprises the following steps:
firstly, manure pretreatment: and (3) manure pretreatment: taking rice husk chicken manure, and adding water to adjust the water content to be about 60% for standby;
secondly, straw pretreatment: taking wheat straw in peripheral farmlands, and cutting the wheat straw into 2-3 cm;
thirdly, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and mixing: adding manure and wheat straw into a stirrer according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1, inoculating 2.5% of EM bacteria, and stirring to obtain premix;
fourth, fermenting: placing the premix obtained in the third step in an aerobic environment, performing film-covered natural fermentation for 1 month to obtain a straw mixture rotting clinker, and turning and cooling when the temperature is higher than 65 ℃;
fifthly, adding clay loam, kaolin and zeolite to mix: the straw mixture is decomposed into clinker, clay loam, kaolin and zeolite according to 15:10:2:1.5, fully and uniformly mixing the materials in a weight ratio to obtain a main earthing material;
sixth, powdering and sieving: crushing the main earthing material and sieving the crushed main earthing material with a 10-mesh sieve for standby;
seventh, adding acrylamide, wheat starch and soybean milk: the main soil-covering material, wheat starch, soybean milk and polyacrylamide are mixed according to the proportion of 100:5:5:1.5, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a soil covering premix;
eighth step, adding associated bacteria: 2% of companion bacteria are added, and the companion bacteria adopted in the embodiment 2 are a combination of pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, alcaligenes faecalis and bacillus subtilis, wherein the pseudomonas putida accounts for 78% by weight, the pseudomonas fluorescens accounts for 8% by weight, the alcaligenes faecalis accounts for 7% by weight, and the bacillus subtilis accounts for 7% by weight; adding the mixture into the soil-covering premix and fully and uniformly mixing;
ninth, adding water: adding water until the maximum water holding capacity of the covering soil is reserved, wherein the water holding capacity of the covering soil is 85%;
tenth, adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate: adding 0.1% of trialkanol and 1.5% of calcium carbonate;
eleventh step, cover film fermentation: covering the film for fermentation for 48 hours, turning the pile, continuing to ferment for 48 hours, fully decomposing the covering soil, and then taking off and airing to normal temperature;
twelfth, adjusting the pH: adding appropriate amount of lime powder to adjust pH to 7.5-8.0.
The physical and chemical indexes of the cover soil prepared by the method in example 1, the cover soil prepared by the method in example 2, the common clay loam and the black soil are compared, wherein the number of samples in each group is 20, and sample data are collected, and the specific results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of physicochemical Properties index
The stimulation of agaricus bisporus by the cover soil prepared by the method in example 1, the cover soil prepared by the method in example 2, the common clay loam and the black soil compared with the common cover soil is shown in table 2, wherein the number of samples of each group is 20:
TABLE 2 stimulation of agaricus bisporus
The soil-covered aggregate structure is uniform and consistent, the porosity is 8% -10%, the water retention rate is 75% -85%, the EC value is 600+ -100 mu s/cm, the organic matter content is 35+ -5%, the compaction volume weight is 500+ -50 g/L, the nitrogen content is 2.0-2.2%, the ammonia content is less than or equal to 9.5mg/L, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, compared with the prior soil-covered soil, the yield of the agaricus bisporus produced by the invention is increased by 5-8%, the yield of the first-class agaricus bisporus is increased by 10-15%, and the concentration of the beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the base material is more than or equal to 10 6 cfu/g, no pathogenic bacteria such as pathogenic intestinal flora and putrefying pseudomonas are detected. The soil covering can improve the fruiting rate of the agaricus bisporus and improve the yield and quality of the agaricus bisporus in the same cultivation period.
As can be seen from the comparison results of the table, the soil-covering soil prepared by the invention has the advantages of high fertility, loose aggregate structure, good air permeability and water retention, good activity of beneficial microorganisms, suitability for growth of agaricus bisporus, and qualified high-quality soil-covering. The method can improve the fruiting rate of the agaricus bisporus and the yield and quality of the agaricus bisporus in the same cultivation period.
It should be noted that while the present invention has been described in the specification with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. The above-described features are further combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, and are considered to be the scope of the present invention described in the specification; further, modifications and variations of the present invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing teachings, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for producing the agaricus bisporus earthing based on the soil raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mixing manure and wheat straw according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-35:1, inoculating a microbial fermentation inoculant, and fully fermenting to obtain a straw mixture rotten clinker;
(2) Mixing straw mixture rotten clinker, clay loam and kaolin with zeolite, crushing and sieving with a 4-25 mesh sieve to obtain a main earthing material;
(3) Adding polyacrylamide, wheat starch and soybean milk into the main earthing material, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain an earthing premix;
(4) Adding 1% -3% of accompanying bacteria into the earthing premix and fully and uniformly mixing, wherein the accompanying bacteria are a composition of pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, alcaligenes faecalis and bacillus subtilis, the pseudomonas putida accounts for 60% -80% by weight, the pseudomonas fluorescens accounts for 6% -15% by weight, the alcaligenes faecalis accounts for 6% -15% by weight, and the bacillus subtilis accounts for 6% -15% by weight;
(5) Adding water to the maximum water holding rate of the covering soil;
(6) Adding triacontanol and calcium carbonate, and fully and uniformly mixing;
(7) Covering the membrane for fermentation, fully decomposing the covering soil, and then taking off and airing to normal temperature;
(8) Adding lime powder to adjust pH to 7.0-8.0 for later use.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the manure comprises rice hull chicken manure;
for example, the wheat straw is pre-treated to cut into 2-3 cm particles;
for example, the microbial fermentation broth is inoculated at 2.5%;
for example, the microbial fermentation broth is EM bacteria;
for example, the fermentation is a film-covered fermentation;
for example, the fermentation time is 10 days to 2 months;
for example, the fermentation period is performed at a temperature above 65 ℃ with a stack turning temperature reduction.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the weight ratio of straw mixture clinker, clay loam, kaolin to zeolite is 12-15:10:1-3:1-1.5;
for example, in the step (3), the weight ratio of the main soil-covering material, the polyacrylamide, the wheat starch and the soybean milk is 100:3-7:3-7:0.5-2.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (5), water is added to a water content of 75% to 85%;
for example, in step (6), the amount of triacontanol and calcium carbonate added is 0.1% and 1.5%, respectively;
for example, in step (7), the cover film fermentation includes cover film fermentation for 48 hours followed by turning over the stack for further fermentation for 48 hours.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bisporous mushroom soil-covered aggregate produced by the method has uniform structure, porosity of 8% -10%, water retention of 75% -85%, EC value of 600+ -100 μs/cm, organic matter content of 35+ -5%, nitrogen content of 2.0-2.2%, ammonia content of 9.5mg/L or less,the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and the concentration of beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the agaricus bisporus casing soil is more than or equal to 10 6 cfu/g。
6. A agaricus bisporus casing soil, characterized by being prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-5.
7. The agaricus bisporus casing soil according to claim 6, wherein the agaricus bisporus casing soil has uniform aggregate structure, porosity of 8% -10%, water holding rate of 75% -85%, EC value of 600+ -100 μs/cm, organic matter content of 35+ -5%, nitrogen content of 2.0-2.2%, ammonia content of 9.5mg/L or less, pH value of 7.0-8.0, and concentration of beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the agaricus bisporus casing soil of 10 or more 6 cfu/g。
8. Use of the agaricus bisporus casing soil prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 for producing agaricus bisporus.
9. The use according to claim 8, comprising simultaneously laying the agaricus bisporus casing soil and the agaricus bisporus fermentation material on the cultivation bed, wherein the thickness of the fermentation material laid is 23 cm-27 cm, and the thickness of the agaricus bisporus casing soil laid is 4.5-5.5cm.
10. The use according to claim 8, wherein the agaricus bisporus soil has uniform aggregate structure, porosity of 8% -10%, water retention of 75% -85%, EC value of 600+ -100 μs/cm, organic matter content of 35+ -5%, nitrogen content of 2.0-2.2%, ammonia content of 9.5mg/L or less, pH value of 7.0-8.0, and concentration of the beneficial microorganism pseudomonas putida in the agaricus bisporus soil of 10 or more 6 cfu/g。
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