CN114304397A - Preparation method of dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A preparation method of dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed silage relates to a preparation method of mixed silage, and aims to solve the technical problems of unbalanced and insufficient nutrition, poor palatability and low digestibility in single corn straw silage/yellow silage, and the method comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the dry corn straws and the fresh whole wheat grass, adding or not adding a special silage starter, and fermenting in a dark place to obtain the mixed silage of the dry corn straws and the whole wheat grass. The feed contains 9-10% of crude protein, 47-53% of neutral detergent fiber, 27-31% of acid detergent fiber, 19-24% of acid detergent lignocellulose, 19-23% of hemicellulose and 3-5% of lactic acid, and also contains soluble carbohydrate, essential amino acid, reducing sugar, total phenol, plant protease, calcium and phosphorus, the in vitro digestibility of dry matters is 58-70%, and the feed can be used in the field of livestock breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of mixed storage feed, in particular to a feed technology for mixed storage of dry corn straw and factory fresh whole wheat straw.
Background
China is a big country for straw production, and the yield of China is the first in the world all the year round. Therefore, it is always a research focus to improve economic benefits by reducing environmental pollution around how the straws are efficiently utilized. At present, the common straw treatment method comprises five methods, namely: the fertilizer is prepared into fertilizer, feed, fuel, raw material and base material. Wherein, the straw feed mainly utilizes that the straw is rich in cellulose which is an important energy source for ruminants. In particular, with the intensification and scale-up of the livestock breeding industry, the demand for feed sources is increased. However, since straw has thick cell walls and contains a large amount of anti-nutritional factors such as lignin and hemicellulose, it is difficult to effectively utilize the straw by animals. In general, some improvement is achieved by ensiling/yellowing, but this is not ideal in practice. The main reason is that the straws are unbalanced and insufficient in nutritive value and composition, and still show low protein, low trace elements and high fiber after ensiling/yellowing. Therefore, a better solution needs to be explored to enrich the nutritional value composition of the straw feed and eliminate the influence of anti-nutritional factors to improve palatability and digestibility.
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of factory vegetable technology in China, the yield and quality of vegetables are further improved. The application of the industrial vegetable planting technology in animal husbandry not only gets rid of the restriction of natural environment and manpower, but also can effectively reduce the animal feeding cost and improve the animal production performance. Meanwhile, the production of high-quality vegetables and the shortening of the growth cycle of forage by the industrialized technology can provide a sustainable and environment-friendly animal feeding mode for livestock and poultry breeding, and particularly, the feed supply which is an important link of intensive and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding is powerfully guaranteed. It is worth noting that the wheat grass produced in an industrialized way can be used as a high-quality feed source for animals due to the high protein, reasonable amino acid composition, abundant vitamins, minerals and trace elements, and various biological enzymes required by the metabolism of the organism, and simultaneously, the wheat grass is good in palatability and high in digestibility.
The ensiling/yellow-storing technology is an important means for preserving the nutrient elements of the pasture and improving the feeding quality of the pasture. Especially the application of the mixed storage technology makes up the unbalance and insufficiency of the single feed nutrient composition, and can improve the production performance of animals to a certain extent after the application and the production. And with the appearance of the special silage microbial additive, the defects in the silage/yellow silage process are more intuitively overcome, so that the nutrient composition in the silage/yellow silage is richer, the anti-nutritional factors are further reduced, the palatability and the digestion utilization rate are further improved, and the culture economic benefit is more effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed, aiming at solving the technical problems of poor palatability and low digestibility caused by unbalanced and insufficient nutrition and a large amount of anti-nutritional factors such as hemicellulose, lignin and the like in a single corn straw silage/yellow storage feed. According to the invention, the whole wheat straw is added into the corn straw, and then fermentation is carried out under the action of the silage leavening agent, so that the anti-nutritional factors such as lignocellulose, hemicellulose and the like in the thick cell walls of the corn straw are effectively degraded, more nutritional substances which are easy to digest and absorb by animal gastrointestinal tracts are generated, the nutritional value composition of the feed is enriched, and the quality of the mixed-stored feed is further improved.
The preparation method of the dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed comprises the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing dry corn straws and fresh whole wheat grass to obtain a mixture; or mixing the dry corn straw, the fresh whole wheat grass and the special silage leavening agent uniformly to obtain a mixture; wherein the special silage starter is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of bacillus subtilis subspecies, bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus plantarum (1.8-2.2): 1: (3.8-4.2) in proportion;
and secondly, adding water into the mixture obtained in the step one, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50% -60%, placing the mixture into an ensiling bag, vacuumizing and sealing the ensiling bag, and fermenting the mixture for 30-40 days in a dark place at the temperature of 15-35 ℃ to obtain the dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed.
Furthermore, in the step one, the whole wheat grass is fresh whole wheat grass which is produced in a factory.
In one step, the mass ratio of the dry corn straws to the fresh whole wheat grass is 1: (1-2).
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the dry corn straws and the fresh whole wheat grass to the mass of the special silage leavening agent is 1000: (0.55-0.65).
And in a step, cutting the dry corn straws into sections of 1-3 cm.
Furthermore, in one step, fresh whole wheat grass is cut into sections of 1-3 cm.
Further, the Bacillus subtilis subspecies is Bacillus subtilis subspecies GIM 1.372.
Further, the Bacillus licheniformis is Bacillus licheniformis GIM 1.182.
More particularly, the lactobacillus plantarum is lactobacillus plantarum GIM 1.648.
The invention utilizes the mixed fermentation of the dry corn straws and the fresh whole wheat grass, establishes a suitable environment for the survival and the propagation of the epiphytic beneficial microorganisms through the moisture and the nutrient substances of the whole wheat grass, and the whole wheat grass carries a large amount of plant protease, so that the content of anti-nutritional factors such as lignocellulose, hemicellulose and the like in the dry corn straws is reduced through the double decomposition action of the microorganisms and the plant protease, the content of the nutrient components such as crude protein, lactic acid, mineral elements and essential amino acid is improved, and the digestibility and the palatability of the finally obtained feed are improved to a certain extent. After the special silage starter culture is applied, the microbial decomposition effect is enhanced, and plant protease supplied by whole wheat grass is matched to generate more nutrient components and active components, wherein the nutrient components comprise reducing sugar, lactic acid, essential amino acid and the like, and the active components comprise soluble protein, phenols and the like, so that the feed digestibility and the palatability are improved more effectively.
The feed disclosed by the invention contains 9-10% of crude protein, 47-53% of neutral detergent fiber, 27-31% of acid detergent fiber, 19-24% of acid detergent lignocellulose, 19-23% of hemicellulose and 3-5% of lactic acid, and also contains soluble carbohydrate, essential amino acid, reducing sugar, total phenol, plant protease, calcium and phosphorus, the in-vitro digestibility of dry matters is 58-70%, and the feed is good in palatability and can be used in the field of livestock breeding.
Detailed Description
The following examples are used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention.
Example 1: the preparation method of the dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed comprises the following steps:
firstly, respectively cutting dry corn straws and factory-produced fresh whole wheat grass into sections of 2cm, wherein the mass ratio of the dry corn straws to the fresh whole wheat grass is 1: 1, uniformly mixing to obtain a No. 1 mixture.
Respectively cutting dry corn straws and fresh whole wheat grass into sections of 2cm, wherein the mass ratio of the dry corn straws to the fresh whole wheat grass is 1: 1, uniformly mixing, and mixing the dry corn straw and the fresh barley according to the mass ratio of the sum of the dry corn straw and the fresh barley to the special silage starter culture of 1000: 0.2, adding a special silage agent, and uniformly mixing again to obtain a No. 2 mixture;
cutting dry corn stalks into sections of 2cm to obtain a material No. 3;
cutting dry corn straws into sections of 2cm, and mixing the dried corn straws with a special silage leavening agent according to the mass ratio of 1000: 0.5, adding a special silage starter, and uniformly mixing to obtain a No. 4 mixture;
cutting fresh whole wheat grass into 2cm sections to obtain material No. 5;
cutting fresh whole wheat grass into sections of 2cm, and mixing the fresh whole wheat grass and a special silage starter according to the mass ratio of 1000: 0.5, adding a special silage starter, and uniformly mixing to obtain a No. 6 mixture;
wherein the special silage starter is prepared from bacillus subtilis GIM1.372, bacillus licheniformis GIM1.182 and lactobacillus plantarum GIM1.648 in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 4 in proportion; bacillus subtilis subspecies GIM1.372, Bacillus licheniformis GIM1.182 and Lactobacillus plantarum GIM1.648 are all commercial products;
adding water into the mixture No. 1 and the mixture No. 2 obtained in the step one respectively to adjust the water content to 60 percent, adding water into the mixture No. 3 and the mixture No. 4 to adjust the water content to 60 percent, and not adding water into the mixture No. 5 and the mixture No. 6; and then placing the mixture No. 1, the mixture No. 2, the mixture No. 3 and the mixture No. 4, the mixture No. 5 and the mixture No. 6 after the water content is adjusted into silage bags respectively, vacuumizing until the gauge pressure of a vacuum meter is-0.02 MPa, sealing, and fermenting for 35 days in a dark place at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain the feed. The feeds obtained from the No. 1 mixture, the No. 2 mixture, the No. 3 feed, the No. 4 mixture, the No. 5 feed and the No. 6 mixture are sequentially marked as a 50W feed, a 50WF feed, a 100C feed, a 100CF feed, a 100W feed and a 100WF feed.
The 50W feed, the 50WF feed, the 100C feed, the 100CF feed, the 100W feed and the 100WF feed are tested for crude protein content, pH value, lactic acid, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, essential amino acid, total phenol, soluble protein, calcium and phosphorus content, and a proper amount of feed samples are taken to perform a rumen fluid in-vitro digestion test for 48 hours, and the test results are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 results of performance test of each feed prepared in example 1
The results of the test were analyzed as follows:
under the condition of not adding the silage leavening agent, the content of crude protein in the 100C group is 3.98%, the content of crude protein in the 50W group is 9.08%, and the content is obviously improved by 5.10% compared with the 100C group (P is less than 0.05).
Without addition of silage starter, the pH of the 100C group was 4.97, the pH of the 50W group was 4.14, and the pH was significantly reduced by 0.83(P < 0.05) compared to the 100C group.
Under the condition of not adding the silage leavening agent, the content of neutral detergent fiber in a 100C group is 62.94%, the content of neutral detergent fiber in a 50W group is 52.21%, and the content is obviously reduced by 10.73% (P is less than 0.05) compared with that in the 100C group.
Without addition of silage starter, the content of acid-washed fibers in the 100C group was 38.49%, the content of acid-washed fibers in the 50W group was 30.89%, and the content was significantly reduced by 7.60% (P < 0.05) compared to the 100C group.
In the case of no addition of silage starter, the content of acid washing lignin of 100C group is 30.56%, the content of acid washing lignin of 50W group is 22.05%, and the content is significantly reduced by 8.51% compared with 100C group (P is less than 0.05).
Under the condition of not adding the silage leavening agent, the content of hemicellulose in a 100C group is 25.38%, the content of hemicellulose in a 50W group is 21.32%, and the content is obviously reduced by 4.06% (P is less than 0.05) compared with that in the 100C group.
Under the condition of not adding the silage leavening agent, the digestibility of the dry substance in vitro in the 100C group is 43.65%, the digestibility of the dry substance in vitro in the 50W group is 59.61%, and is obviously improved by 15.96% compared with the 100C group (P is less than 0.05).
In the case of no silage starter, the lactic acid content of group 100C is only 1.53% with a small amount of essential amino acids, reducing sugars, total phenols, plant proteases and mineral elements calcium, phosphorus, the lactic acid content of group 50W is 3.55% with a larger amount of essential amino acids, plant proteases and mineral elements calcium, phosphorus, and the plant protease content is up to 11.55%, compared to the qualitative change produced by group 100C.
Compared with the feed without the silage starter, the dry corn straws and the fresh whole wheat plants are mixed and fermented, the whole wheat plants provide a large amount of protein sources, and the crude protein content of the mixed feed is obviously improved. Meanwhile, the high water content of the whole wheat grass provides an excellent living environment for attached lactic acid bacteria in feed raw materials to start to grow and reproduce in a large quantity, the protease rich in the whole wheat grass is matched, so that the content of anti-nutritional factors such as lignin and hemicellulose in the feed is obviously reduced, more soluble protein, carbohydrate, essential amino acid, reducing sugar and total phenol are generated in the feed, the nutritional composition of the feed is enriched, and the dry matter digestion rate in vitro of the feed is obviously improved.
Under the condition of adding the silage starter, the content of 100CF crude protein is 5.35 percent, the content of 50WF crude protein is 9.32 percent, and is obviously improved by 3.97 percent compared with the 100CF group (P is less than 0.05).
With the addition of silage starter, the silage pH of the 100CF group is 5.05, and the silage pH of the 50WF group is 4.12, which is significantly reduced by 0.93(P < 0.05) compared with the silage of the 100CF group.
Without addition of silage starter, the content of neutral detergent fiber in the 100CF group is 58.45%, and the content of neutral detergent fiber in the 50WF group is 47.11%, which is significantly reduced by 11.34% compared with the 100CF group (P < 0.05).
Without addition of silage starter, the content of acid-washed fiber in the 100CF group was 35.49%, and the content of acid-washed fiber in the 50WF group was 30.89%, which was significantly reduced by 4.60% compared to the 100CF group (P < 0.05).
In the case of no addition of silage starter, the content of acid washing lignin of 100CF group is 30.56%, the content of acid washing lignin of 50WF group is 22.05%, and the content is significantly reduced by 8.51% compared with 100CF group (P is less than 0.05).
Under the condition of adding the silage leavening agent, the hemicellulose content of the 100CF group is 25.38 percent, the hemicellulose content of the 50WF group is 21.32 percent, and the hemicellulose content is obviously reduced by 4.06 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with that of the 100CF group.
Under the condition of adding the silage starter, the digestibility of the dry substance in vitro in the 100CF group is 52.17%, the digestibility of the dry substance in vitro in the 50WF group is 63.79%, and is remarkably improved by 11.62% compared with the 100CF group (P is less than 0.05).
In the case of adding the silage starter, the content of lactic acid in the 100CF group is 1.93%, and a small amount of essential amino acids, reducing sugars, total phenols, plant proteases and mineral elements calcium and phosphorus, and the content of lactic acid in the 50WF group is 4.21%, more essential amino acids, reducing sugars, total phenols, plant proteases and mineral elements calcium and phosphorus are produced, and the content of essential amino acids and reducing sugars is respectively as high as 6.88% and 9.15%, and compared with the change in quality produced by the 100CF group, the crude protein, lactic acid, essential amino acids, reducing sugars, total phenols, plant proteases and mineral elements calcium and phosphorus in the 50WF group are further improved compared with the 50W group. The method is characterized in that dry corn straws and fresh whole wheat straws are mixed and fermented under the condition of adding the silage starter, and a proper environment is constructed by nutrition and moisture provided by the mixed feed, so that a large amount of bacillus subtilis subspecies GIM1.372, bacillus licheniformis GIM1.182 and lactobacillus plantarum GIM1.648 in the starter are promoted to be quickly fixed and enter a fermentation mode, the crude protein content of the feed is obviously improved, and the pH value is obviously reduced. And a large amount of plant protease provided by the whole wheat straw is matched, so that the thick cell wall of the straw is effectively degraded, the content of lignin and hemicellulose is obviously reduced, and more beneficial substances of lactic acid, soluble carbohydrate, essential amino acid, reducing sugar, total phenol and plant protease are generated. Meanwhile, the digestion rate of dry matter in vitro of the feed is also obviously improved.
The invention adopts the mixed fermentation and mixed storage of the corn straws and the fresh whole wheat grass to improve the nutritional composition, improves the quality of the yellow storage feed, simultaneously can further optimize the nutritional value composition of the yellow storage feed by being supplemented with the silage fermentation agent, better eliminates the effect of anti-nutritional factors, and more effectively improves the palatability and the digestion and metabolism rate of the ruminant.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing dry corn straws and fresh whole wheat grass to obtain a mixture; or mixing the dry corn straw, the fresh whole wheat grass and the special silage leavening agent uniformly to obtain a mixture; wherein the special silage starter is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of bacillus subtilis subspecies, bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus plantarum (1.8-2.2): 1: (3.8-4.2) in proportion;
and secondly, adding water into the mixture obtained in the step one, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50% -60%, placing the mixture into an ensiling bag, vacuumizing and sealing the ensiling bag, and fermenting the mixture for 30-40 days in a dark place at the temperature of 15-35 ℃ to obtain the dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed.
2. The method for preparing the mixed storage feed of the dry corn straws and the whole wheat straws as claimed in the claim 1, wherein in the step one, the whole wheat straws are fresh whole wheat straws.
3. The preparation method of the dry corn stalk and whole wheat grass mixed storage feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the dry corn stalk to the fresh whole wheat grass is 1: (1-2).
4. The preparation method of the dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the sum of the mass of the dry corn straw and the fresh whole wheat straw to the mass of the special silage leavening agent is 1000:
(0.55～0.65)。
5. the method for preparing the dry corn stalk and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the dry corn stalk in the step one is cut into 1-3 cm sections.
6. The method for preparing the dry corn straw and whole wheat straw mixed storage feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fresh whole wheat straw in the first step is cut into 1-3 cm sections.
7. The method for preparing a dry corn stover and whole wheat grass mixed silage as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step one the bacillus subtilis subspecies is bacillus subtilis subspecies GIM 1.372.
8. The method for preparing a mixed storage feed of dry corn stover and whole wheat straw as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the Bacillus licheniformis in step one is Bacillus licheniformis GIM 1.182.
9. The method for preparing the mixed storage feed of the dry corn straws and the whole wheat straws as claimed in the claim 1 or 2, wherein the lactobacillus plantarum in the step one is lactobacillus plantarum GIM 1.648.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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