CN114303772A - Seedling raising method for sweet cherries in southern regions - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for sweet cherries in southern regions Download PDFInfo
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- CN114303772A CN114303772A CN202111627565.9A CN202111627565A CN114303772A CN 114303772 A CN114303772 A CN 114303772A CN 202111627565 A CN202111627565 A CN 202111627565A CN 114303772 A CN114303772 A CN 114303772A
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- sweet cherries
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 235000010401 Prunus avium Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241001290151 Prunus avium subsp. avium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 244000007021 Prunus avium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005461 Bremsstrahlung Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003056 antler Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in southern areas, which comprises the following steps: selecting a semi-mature robust branch, coating lime water on the bark part of the branch, peeling the branch at the part close to the node in an annular manner, soaking paraffin wax at two ends of the peeled branch, wrapping the branch soaked with the paraffin wax with a heat preservation film, transversely burying the branch in a seedbed medium, dividing the seedling, fertilizing the cherry seedling, and transplanting and planting the cultured healthy seedling. The invention is not limited by the time of the general method, can be carried out from spring to autumn, simultaneously the bud is not easy to be damaged, the survival rate is high, the method is superior and inferior in the cultivation process, the cultivation is preferred, the quantity of the whole seedling is not influenced, the quality variation among seedlings is small, and the quality of the seedlings can be effectively ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seedling culture, in particular to a seedling culture method of sweet cherries in south China.
Background
The seedling raising means the raising of seedlings. The original meaning is that the seedlings are cultivated in a nursery, a hotbed or a greenhouse and are ready to be transplanted into the land for planting. It can also refer to the stage of various organisms after artificial protection until they can survive independently. In common words, "the seedling is strong and half harvested". The seedling culture is a work with high labor intensity, time consumption and strong technical performance.
The current cherry seedling raising method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. method of practice
After cherries are harvested, the peels and the pulps are cut, the kernels are taken out, the cherry seeds are easy to germinate through kernel seedling culture, but the germination is not uniform, and seeds generated by some plants are often lack of viable embryos, and the germination rate is often lower than 30%. The fruiting age of the fruiting body is late, and the quality variation among seedlings is large.
2. Cutting method
In the growth period of the spring mansion, the semi-mature robust branches are selected for cuttage, the roots grow about 1.5-2 months after cuttage, and the branches are transplanted after the root group grows vigorously, but the cuttage method has higher requirement on time, and the cuttage needs to be carried out in 2-3 months in the south.
3. High altitude layering method
And (3) selecting branches for more than two years, cutting the branches below the layering part after rooting, and potting to form new plants which are easy to root, wherein although the rooting is easy, the effect difference among varieties is large.
The existing methods have certain defects in use, so that the improvement on the existing methods is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in southern areas, which aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in southern regions comprises the following steps:
selecting semi-mature robust branches with the diameter of 0.7-1.2 cm and the length of each section of 15-20 cm;
secondly, coating lime water on the bark part of the branch to protect the branch from insect damage;
step three, peeling in an annular manner at a part close to the node, destroying a firmed leather part at the part and promoting the upper cambium of the part to root;
soaking paraffin wax at two ends of the peeled branch to reduce water loss at the end part;
step five, wrapping the branches soaked with the paraffin with a heat preservation film to reduce water loss and preserve heat of the branches, and preventing the branches from being frostbitten;
cutting the heat preservation film at the annular peeling position or cutting uniform round holes;
step seven, transversely burying the branches in river sand, vermiculite or peat soil or a mixture of a plurality of types as a seedbed medium, wherein the cuttings need to be kept wet and shaded;
step eight, when the seedlings grow to be 2-3cm, dividing the seedlings, and selecting to cultivate again after the weak seedlings grow, and keeping the healthy and strong seedlings to continue growing;
step nine, fertilizing the cherry seedlings after the seedlings grow for one month, and observing the growth of the seedlings at any time so as to increase the fertility properly and help the cherry seedlings to grow well;
step ten, transplanting and planting the cultured healthy seedlings.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, a part with more knots is selected when the branches are selected.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the third step, rooting water can be sprayed on the branches after the branches are peeled circularly, so that the rooting of the branches is promoted, and the survival rate is improved.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, in the fourth step, the ends of the branches are wrapped with paraffin and then wound with a heat-insulating film, so that the water loss is further reduced, and a paraffin layer is protected.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, in the eighth step, when the seedlings grow to 1-2cm, pulling weak seedlings from a plurality of seedlings growing at the same position, and keeping 1-2 robust seedlings.
As a further scheme of the invention: and in the first step, in the eighth step, the root system is protected by winding a heat preservation film during the division, the damage to the root system is reduced, and after division, each seedling is fertilized, covered with soil and kept cold.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, during soil covering, farmyard manure and the treated pests are inserted into a seedling bed medium formed by mixing river sand, vermiculite or peat soil or a mixture of a plurality of kinds of materials.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the winter protection treatment is to wrap two thirds of the root system and the branch as the stock plant by using a heat preservation film.
As a further scheme of the invention: and seventhly, shallow burying the branches after transverse planting by using a seedbed medium, then thoroughly watering the branches, and keeping the soil moist during germination.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step and the tenth step, the root system of the seedling is wound and protected by a heat preservation film during transplanting, so that the damage to the root system is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is not limited by the time of a common method, can be carried out from spring (before 3-month bud grafting is not germinated) to autumn (8-9 months), simultaneously, the buds are not easy to damage, the survival rate is high, the buds are superior to each other and preferentially cultivated in the cultivation process, the number of the whole seedlings is not influenced, the quality variation among seedlings is small, and the quality of the seedlings can be effectively ensured.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
a method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in southern regions comprises the following steps:
selecting semi-mature robust branches with the diameter of 0.7-1.2 cm and the length of each section of 15-20 cm, and selecting parts with more knots when selecting branches;
secondly, coating lime water on the bark part of the branch to protect the branch from insect damage;
annularly peeling the part close to the node, spraying rooting water after the branch is annularly peeled, promoting the branch to take root, improving the survival rate, damaging a bremsstrahlung part of the part and promoting a cambium above the part to take root;
soaking paraffin at two ends of the peeled branch to reduce water loss at the end part, wrapping the paraffin at the end part of the branch, and winding a heat-insulating film to further reduce water loss and protect a paraffin layer;
step five, wrapping the branches soaked with the paraffin with a heat preservation film to reduce water loss and preserve heat of the branches, and preventing the branches from being frostbitten;
cutting the heat preservation film at the annular peeling position or cutting uniform round holes;
step seven, transversely burying the branches in river sand, vermiculite or peat soil or a mixture of a plurality of types to serve as a seedbed medium, wherein the cuttings are particularly required to be kept moist and shaded, the branches are buried shallowly by using the seedbed medium after being transversely planted, then the seedlings are watered thoroughly, and the soil is required to be kept moist during germination;
step eight, when the seedlings grow to 1-2cm, pulling weak seedlings from a plurality of seedlings growing at the same position, keeping 1-2 robust seedlings, when the seedlings grow to 2-3cm, dividing the seedlings into plants, winding a heat preservation film for protection on root systems during division, reducing the damage of the root systems, fertilizing, earthing and preventing cold for each seedling after division, using farmyard manure and insect pests to be inserted into a seedling bed medium after the treatment of river sand, vermiculite or peat soil or a mixture of a plurality of types of plants during earthing, using the heat preservation film to wrap two thirds of the root systems and branches serving as mother plants during cold-proof treatment, selecting to cultivate again after the weak-growing branches, and keeping the robust seedlings to continue to grow;
step nine, fertilizing the cherry seedlings after the seedlings grow for one month, and observing the growth of the seedlings at any time so as to increase the fertility properly and help the cherry seedlings to grow well;
and step ten, transplanting and planting the cultured healthy seedlings, and winding and protecting the root systems of the seedlings by using a heat preservation film during transplanting to reduce the damage of the root systems.
Example 2:
the cherry seedling raising method by an implementation method comprises the following steps:
to use full and healthy seeds, if the seeds are taken from cherry fruits, the seeds are soaked in warm water and then the residual pulp is cleaned. The cleaned kernels are placed on a paper towel, so that the environment is warm and ventilated, and the kernels are waited to be dried. The kernels are dried and placed in a container for storage, or placed in a refrigerator, the seeds can be planted and grown in the refrigerator after being placed for 10 weeks, the seeds are taken out and placed in a normal-temperature environment, a substrate with good air permeability and water drainage is prepared, and if the seeds are grown in the container, drain holes are needed at the bottom. In order to make the seed germinate faster, the husk of the kernel is peeled off, and the white embryo is planted in the soil, so that the germination speed is faster. After planting, the soil is buried shallow, then is watered thoroughly, and the soil is kept wet during germination. When seedlings are grown in the containers, a plurality of seedlings can be planted in one container, so that the seedlings can be transplanted and fixed after being grown for about 2-3cm, when the seedlings grow, the weak seedlings need to be pulled out, the seedlings can be selected to be cultivated again after being pulled out, and the strong seedlings are kept to continue to grow. After the seedlings grow, the sunlight needs to be properly seen, and if the outdoor climate is not too cold, the seedlings can be raised outdoors, so that the growth of the seedlings is more favorable. During field planting, enough distance is reserved between every two seedlings, the seedlings cannot be planted tightly, and otherwise growth is influenced after the seedlings grow in the later period.
Example 3:
the cherry seedling raising method by the cutting method comprises the following steps:
the cuttage time is that the cherry hardwood cuttage is carried out when the sap flows in spring. For example, the Shandong Jiaodong area is performed in the last 3 th of a month, the Luzhong area and the Subei area, the Anhui area is performed in the last 3 th of a month, and the spring back warming in the south of the Yangtze river is performed in the early period from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months.
Selecting cuttings, namely cutting 1 year old cuttings cut off in winter, digging pits at a position with a shade back, storing the pits with wet sand, and gradually hilling along with the temperature reduction so as not to be damaged by freezing. Or cutting along with the cutting in spring.
The cutting method comprises the steps of unfreezing the land in spring, cutting the cutting into cutting sections with the length of 15-20 cm, cutting in open field, mulching film mulching cutting or high ridge cutting. Open field cuttage, i.e. preparing soil, applying enough base fertilizer, raking and leveling furrows, ditching and obliquely inserting soil, wherein the first bud is level with the ground, and 3-5 cm of soil is covered on the first bud, so that drought and spring freezing in early spring can be prevented.
Example 4:
a cherry seedling raising method by using a high-altitude layering method comprises the following steps:
generally, layering is carried out in the vigorous growth period of cherries, branches with the length more than two years are selected, the lower parts of the branches close to the nodes are peeled, then the wet antler grass is placed in a transparent adhesive tape bag to wrap the whole wound, the upper end and the lower end of the wound are pricked, and after rooting, the cut is cut below the layering part and potted to form new plants.
Compared with the examples 1-4, the method is not limited by the time of the common method, can be carried out from spring (before 3 months bud grafting is not germinated) to autumn (8-9 months), simultaneously the buds are not easy to damage, the survival rate is high, the seeds are superior and inferior in the cultivation process, the preferential cultivation is carried out, the number of the whole seedlings is not influenced, the quality variation among seedlings is small, and the quality of the seedlings can be effectively ensured.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in south regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting semi-mature robust branches with the diameter of 0.7-1.2 cm and the length of each section of 15-20 cm;
secondly, coating lime water on the bark part of the branch to protect the branch from insect damage;
step three, peeling in an annular manner at a part close to the node, destroying a firmed leather part at the part and promoting the upper cambium of the part to root;
soaking paraffin wax at two ends of the peeled branch to reduce water loss at the end part;
step five, wrapping the branches soaked with the paraffin with a heat preservation film to reduce water loss and preserve heat of the branches, and preventing the branches from being frostbitten;
cutting the heat preservation film at the annular peeling position or cutting uniform round holes;
step seven, transversely burying the branches in river sand, vermiculite or peat soil or a mixture of a plurality of types as a seedbed medium, wherein the cuttings need to be kept wet and shaded;
step eight, when the seedlings grow to be 2-3cm, dividing the seedlings, and selecting to cultivate again after the weak seedlings grow, and keeping the healthy and strong seedlings to continue growing;
step nine, fertilizing the cherry seedlings after the seedlings grow for one month, and observing the growth of the seedlings at any time so as to increase the fertility properly and help the cherry seedlings to grow well;
step ten, transplanting and planting the cultured healthy seedlings.
2. The method for growing seedlings of sweet cherries in the south area according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, a part with more knots is selected when branches are selected.
3. The method for culturing seedlings of sweet cherries in the south of claim 1, wherein in the third step, rooting water can be sprayed on the branches after the branches are peeled circularly, so that the branches can be promoted to take roots and the survival rate is improved.
4. The method for cultivating sweet cherries in southern areas according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the ends of the branches are wrapped with paraffin and then wrapped with a heat preservation film to further reduce water loss and protect the paraffin layer.
5. The method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in the south area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, when the seedlings grow to 1-2cm in the eighth step, weak seedlings are pulled off from a plurality of seedlings growing at the same position, and 1-2 healthy seedlings are kept.
6. The method for cultivating the sweet cherries in the south of the claim 1, wherein in the step one and in the step eight, the roots are protected by winding a heat preservation film during the division, the damage to the roots is reduced, and after division, each seedling is fertilized, covered with soil and protected against cold.
7. The method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in the south of claim 6, wherein in the first step, farmyard manure and seedling bed media which are planted with insect and disease treated soil or mixture of river sand, vermiculite or peat soil are used for raising seedlings when covering soil.
8. The method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in southern areas according to claim 6, wherein in the first step, the winter protection treatment is carried out by wrapping two thirds of the roots and the branches serving as stock plants with heat preservation films.
9. The method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in south China as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the branches are planted transversely and then buried shallow in a seedbed medium, and then are watered thoroughly, and soil is kept wet during germination.
10. The method for raising seedlings of sweet cherries in southern areas of claim 1, wherein in the first step, in the tenth step, the root systems of the seedlings are wound and protected by a heat preservation film during transplanting, so that the damage to the root systems is reduced.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111627565.9A CN114303772A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Seedling raising method for sweet cherries in southern regions |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111627565.9A CN114303772A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Seedling raising method for sweet cherries in southern regions |
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| CN114303772A true CN114303772A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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| CN202111627565.9A Pending CN114303772A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Seedling raising method for sweet cherries in southern regions |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006180837A (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Mebiol Kk | Plant cultivation tool and plant cultivation method |
| CN107771601A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-03-09 | 安徽徽大农业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of gean |
-
2021
- 2021-12-28 CN CN202111627565.9A patent/CN114303772A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006180837A (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Mebiol Kk | Plant cultivation tool and plant cultivation method |
| CN107771601A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-03-09 | 安徽徽大农业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of gean |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 康梅: "樱桃育苗技术要点", 《河北农业科技》 * |
| 杨富林: "果树育苗技术的应用", 《现代园艺》 * |
| 江文海: "紫溪山樱桃栽培技术探讨", 《绿色科技》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220412 |