CN114301138A - Battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control method and system - Google Patents
Battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and particularly discloses a battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control method and system. The system comprises a direct current bus, a high-speed switch array, a controllable buffer circuit, a controllable direct current power supply and a digital controller; the direct current bus is formed by a plurality of battery packs as an external load for supplying direct current; the high-speed switch array controls the conduction of each battery on the direct current bus; the controllable direct current power supply adjusts the output energy according to PWM signals with different duty ratios output by the digital controller; the controllable buffer circuit is used for filtering the direct current bus; the digital controller is used for outputting modulation signals with different pulse widths to the controllable buffer circuit, the controllable direct-current power supply and the high-speed switch array for control. According to the invention, each battery on the direct current bus is controlled by arranging the high-speed switch array, and the high-speed switch array is controlled by the digital controller, so that different batteries are charged with different energies, and the problem that the batteries are not fully charged in the same direct current bus charging process is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and particularly relates to a battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control method and system.
Background
With the breakthrough of the energy storage battery material technology, new energy application is greatly developed, an energy storage battery system is an important part of the new energy application and is used as a core component of the energy storage system, and the charging method and the charging efficiency of the battery are particularly important. The battery is an electrochemical component, and the energy characteristic of the battery obviously takes into account both electrical and chemical characteristics, so that the voltage is not simply linearly related to the time during the charging process. The charging process of the battery is related to parameters such as series-parallel relation, power, battery capacity, voltage, current and the like. In the traditional battery charging control, a constant-current and constant-voltage segmented charging mode is mostly adopted by taking the whole battery as a target, and the charging mode is still a linear charging mode in a local charging process. From the perspective of a single battery or a module, the traditional charging mode adopts a charging mode with equal current and unequal voltage, and is a rude charging control mode for a single battery or a module. When the inconsistency, performance weakening and even failure of the battery monomer or module, the overall charging effect of the battery system is obviously influenced. For example, when the remaining energy of a part of the batteries is larger than that of other batteries or the charging is too fast due to the inconsistency of the internal resistances, the remaining batteries cannot be fully charged.
In the prior art, a power electronic device is used, a power device containing PWM is a cluster of batteries or a plurality of battery cells/modules connected in series or in parallel to form charging, and the adjustment of charging current or voltage in the prior art is uniformly and synchronously performed, that is, the difference of the battery cells/modules is not distinguished, and the charging is performed by using the same voltage, current, capacity and duration. If the difference between the battery cells/modules is large, the charging of the whole battery pack is not completed in advance. This technique is disadvantageous.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control method and a battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control system, which are used for solving the technical problem that all battery monomers/modules are difficult to be fully charged when the battery monomers/modules have large differences.
A battery charging multiple pulse width modulation control system comprises a direct current bus, a high-speed switch array, a controllable buffer circuit, a controllable direct current power supply and a digital controller;
the direct current bus is used for supplying direct current to an external load;
the high-speed switch array is used for controlling the conduction of each battery on the direct current bus;
the controllable direct current power supply is used for adjusting the output energy according to PWM signals with different duty ratios output by the digital controller;
the controllable buffer circuit is used for filtering the direct current bus;
and the digital controller is used for outputting modulation signals with different pulse widths to the controllable buffer circuit, the controllable direct-current power supply and the high-speed switch array for control.
The invention is further improved in that: the direct current bus is formed by connecting a plurality of batteries or independent battery modules in series.
The invention is further improved in that: the high-speed switch array is composed of a plurality of high-speed electric control switches, and the number of the high-speed electric control switches is twice of the number of batteries required by the formation of the direct current bus.
The invention is further improved in that: the controllable buffer circuit is arranged at two ends of the direct current bus and comprises an inductor L1 and a high-speed controllable switch S10 which are connected in series.
The invention is further improved in that: the controllable direct current power supply is arranged at two ends of the direct current bus and comprises a direct current power supply Vdc and a high-speed electric control switch S9 which are connected in series.
The invention is further improved in that: the number of the batteries is 4, namely a battery B1, a battery B2, a battery B3 and a battery B4;
the number of the high-speed electric control switches in the high-speed switch array is 8, and the high-speed electric control switches are respectively high-speed electric control switches S1-S8;
the battery B1, the battery B2, the battery B3 and the battery B4 are sequentially connected in series to form a direct current bus for supplying power to an external load;
the positive electrode of the battery B1 is a node n1, a node n2 is arranged between the battery B1 and the battery B2, a node n3 is arranged between the battery B2 and the battery B3, a node n4 is arranged between the battery B3 and the battery B4, and a node n5 is arranged at the negative electrode of the battery B4;
a high-speed electric control switch S1 is arranged between the node n1 and the load, a high-speed electric control switch S2 is arranged between the node n2 and the load, a high-speed electric control switch S3 is arranged between the node n3 and the load, and a high-speed electric control switch S4 is arranged between the node n4 and the load; node n5 is connected to a load;
the node n5 is connected with an inductor L1 through a high-speed electric control switch S10, and the other end of the inductor L1 is provided with a node n 6;
the node n1 is connected with the node n6 through a diode, the anode of the diode is connected with the node n1, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the node n 6;
the node n2 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S5, the node n3 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S6, the node n4 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S7, and the node n5 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S8;
node n1 is also connected to a dc supply Vdc, which is connected to node n6 through a controllable switch S9.
The invention is further improved in that: and the signal output end of the digital controller is respectively connected with the signal input ends of the high-speed electric control switches S1-S10.
In a second aspect, a battery charging multiple pulse width modulation control method includes the steps of:
connecting a direct current bus and a direct current power supply in parallel, and dynamically supplying charging energy to each battery in the direct current bus;
the digital controller outputs different PWM signals to control the high-speed switch array, so that different batteries under the same direct current bus are independently charged;
when residual energy or charging energy among different batteries on a direct current bus is not uniform, the digital controller adjusts duty ratios of different high-speed electric control switches in the high-speed switch array and independently adjusts the charging energy of each battery;
the digital controller also controls the energy of the controllable direct current power supply.
The invention is further improved in that: when the digital controller controls the controllable direct-current power supply, the digital controller has the following multiple energy control relation:
Pout(t)＝ΣDm×Pm；
dt＝D9×Pdc；
in the formula, Pout (t) is the energy of the direct current bus; pmIs the energy value of the battery Bm; dmIs the duty ratio of the switch corresponding to Bm, and m is a high-speed electric control switch S1-a high-speed electric control switch Sm, D9Is the duty cycle of the high speed electronically controlled switch S9; pdcEnergy is output for the controllable direct current power supply.
The invention is further improved in that: further comprising the steps of: the digital controller controls the controllable buffer circuit through the PWM signal, so that filtering is carried out on the direct current bus, the controllable buffer circuit is controlled to be connected and disconnected, and fluctuation of the direct current bus is eliminated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, each battery on the direct current bus is controlled by arranging the high-speed switch array, and the high-speed switch array is controlled by the digital controller, so that different batteries are charged with different energies, and the problem that the batteries are not fully charged in the same direct current bus charging process is avoided.
The invention realizes the function of filtering the direct current bus by using the inductor by arranging the controllable buffer circuit.
The multiple energy control relationship provided by the invention can enable the direct current charging energy to better reduce harmonic waves compared with single pulse width modulation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a multiple PWM control system for battery charging according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multiple pwm control system for battery charging according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control system includes a plurality of batteries, a dc power supply, a plurality of high-speed electrically controlled switches, an inductor, a diode, and a digital controller;
the battery is a common battery or an independent battery module;
the number of the batteries in the present embodiment is 4, and the batteries are battery B1, battery B2, battery B3 and battery B4;
the number of the high-speed electric control switches is 10, and the high-speed electric control switches are respectively S1-S10;
each battery is controlled by two high-speed electric control switches, namely a battery B1 is controlled by a high-speed electric control switch S1 and a high-speed electric control switch S5; the battery B2 is controlled by a high-speed electric control switch S2 and a high-speed electric control switch S6; the battery B3 is controlled by a high-speed electric control switch S3 and a high-speed electric control switch S7; the battery B4 is controlled by a high-speed electric control switch S4 and a high-speed electric control switch S8; the high-speed electric control switch S9 controls the direct-current power supply Vdc; the high speed electronically controlled switch S10 controls the inductor L1.
The high-speed electric control switch S1-the high-speed electric control switch S8 form a high-speed switch array;
the battery B1, the battery B2, the battery B3 and the battery B4 are sequentially connected in series to form a direct current bus for supplying power to an external load;
the positive electrode of the battery B1 is a node n1, a node n2 is arranged between the battery B1 and the battery B2, a node n3 is arranged between the battery B2 and the battery B3, a node n4 is arranged between the battery B3 and the battery B4, and a node n5 is arranged at the negative electrode of the battery B4;
a high-speed electric control switch S1 is arranged between the node n1 and the load, a high-speed electric control switch S2 is arranged between the node n2 and the load, a high-speed electric control switch S3 is arranged between the node n3 and the load, and a high-speed electric control switch S4 is arranged between the node n4 and the load; node n5 is connected to a load;
the node n5 is connected with an inductor L1 through a high-speed electric control switch S10, and the other end of the inductor L1 is provided with a node n 6;
the node n1 is connected with the node n6 through a diode, the anode of the diode is connected with the node n1, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the node n 6;
the node n2 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S5, the node n3 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S6, the node n4 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S7, and the node n5 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S8;
the node n1 is also connected to a dc power supply Vdc, which is connected to the node n6 through a controllable switch S9;
the digital controller is a core operation controller for detecting the system state and controlling the direct-current power supply and the high-speed switch array; the direct current power supply is an energy generating device for providing adjustable direct current energy for charging the battery; the high-speed switch array is composed of a plurality of controllable switches and is provided with an energy on-off component; the inductive device is a buffer device for dc energy.
The digital controller is a whole charging control device, generates a plurality of PWM signals, and controls the pulse width modulation of the controllable direct current power supply and the electronic switch device in the high-speed switch array, thereby changing the charging condition (voltage, current or power) of the battery monomer or the module and achieving the purpose of optimizing the charging of the battery monomer or the module.
High speed switch array
The high-speed electric control switch S1 and the high-speed electric control switch S8 form a high-speed switch array, each battery is managed, the high-speed electric control switches are in a high-speed on-off working state, and each high-speed electric control switch is controlled by an independent PWM (pulse width modulation) signal which is generated by a digital controller. The digital controller adjusts the current passing through each high-speed electric control switch by outputting PWM signals with different duty ratios, thereby adjusting.
Direct current power supply
A controllable dc power supply comprising a dc power supply Vdc and a high speed electronically controlled switch (S9) controlled by an independent PWM (pulse width modulation) signal generated by a digital controller is connected across the battery pack. The digital controller adjusts the output energy of the controllable direct-current power supply by outputting PWM signals with different duty ratios.
Inductance
A controllable buffer circuit comprising an inductor L1 and a high-speed electrically controlled switch S10 is further designed at both ends of the dc bus, and the high-speed electrically controlled switch S10 is controlled by an independent PWM (pulse width modulation) signal generated by a digital controller. The digital controller realizes the function of filtering the direct current bus by using the inductor by opening and closing the S10 switch. The instant connection and disconnection of the inductor to the bus can improve and eliminate the fluctuation of the direct current bus.
Digital controller
The digital controller is a circuit with a function of controlling and detecting, which includes a software program, and as shown in fig. 2, the digital controller has a function of detecting voltage, current, and the like, and can detect each battery cell or module. The digital controller also has the function of generating a plurality of paths of PWM signals, the duty ratio of the high-speed electric control switch is controlled through a plurality of pulse width modulation signals so as to realize the energy control of components such as S1-S10 switches, direct current power supplies, inductors and the like, and the signal output end of the digital controller is respectively connected with the signal input ends of the high-speed electric control switch S1-S10.
Example 2
A battery charging multiple pwm control method, based on the battery charging multiple pwm control system in embodiment 1, comprising the steps of:
the direct-current power supply is dynamically connected with the battery, the charging energy is dynamically supplied to the battery, and all high-speed switch arrays dynamically change the energy accessed by the battery according to the multiple Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals in a microsecond control period of the digital controller, so that independent charging and energy optimization of different batteries under the same direct-current bus are realized;
when the residual energy difference or the charging energy is not uniform among the batteries, the charging energy of each battery is independently adjusted by changing the working duty ratio of the corresponding high-speed battery electronic control switch, so that each battery can be completely filled with energy when the charging is finished, and the optimization of the charging of the batteries is realized;
the digital controller controls the high-speed switch array and simultaneously controls the energy of the direct current power supply;
the pulse control signal of S9 has a control linkage relationship with the high-speed switch array control, and the dc charging energy can reduce the harmonic better than the single pulse width modulation under the multiple PWM control, and the multiple energy control relationship is:
Pout(t)＝ΣDm×Pm；
dt＝D9×Pdc；
wherein, Pout (t) is the energy of the direct current bus; pmIs the energy value of the battery Bm; dmIs the duty ratio of the switch corresponding to Bm, and m is a high-speed electric control switch S1-a high-speed electric control switch Sm, D9Is the S9 duty cycle; pdc is the output energy of the controllable direct-current power supply;
the digital controller also dynamically accesses the direct current bus to the inductance device through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal to realize the energy buffer.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A battery charging multiple pulse width modulation control system is characterized by comprising a direct current bus, a high-speed switch array, a controllable buffer circuit, a controllable direct current power supply and a digital controller;
the direct current bus is used for supplying direct current to an external load;
the high-speed switch array is used for controlling the conduction of each battery on the direct current bus;
the controllable direct current power supply is used for adjusting the output energy according to PWM signals with different duty ratios output by the digital controller;
the controllable buffer circuit is used for filtering the direct current bus;
and the digital controller is used for outputting modulation signals with different pulse widths to the controllable buffer circuit, the controllable direct-current power supply and the high-speed switch array for control.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dc bus is composed of a plurality of batteries or independent battery modules connected in series.
3. The multiple pwm control system for battery charging according to claim 2, wherein the high speed switch array comprises a plurality of high speed electrically controlled switches, the number of the high speed electrically controlled switches is twice the number of the batteries required for forming the dc bus.
4. The battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control system according to claim 3, wherein the controllable snubber circuit is disposed across the DC bus and comprises an inductor L1 and a high speed controllable switch S10 connected in series.
5. The multiple pulse width modulation control system for battery charging as claimed in claim 4, wherein the controllable dc power source is disposed at two ends of the dc bus, and comprises a dc power source Vdc and a high speed electrically controlled switch S9 connected in series.
6. The battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control system according to claim 5, wherein the number of the batteries is 4, and the batteries are respectively battery B1, battery B2, battery B3 and battery B4;
the number of the high-speed electric control switches in the high-speed switch array is 8, and the high-speed electric control switches are respectively high-speed electric control switches S1-S8;
the battery B1, the battery B2, the battery B3 and the battery B4 are sequentially connected in series to form a direct current bus for supplying power to an external load;
the positive electrode of the battery B1 is a node n1, a node n2 is arranged between the battery B1 and the battery B2, a node n3 is arranged between the battery B2 and the battery B3, a node n4 is arranged between the battery B3 and the battery B4, and a node n5 is arranged at the negative electrode of the battery B4;
a high-speed electric control switch S1 is arranged between the node n1 and the load, a high-speed electric control switch S2 is arranged between the node n2 and the load, a high-speed electric control switch S3 is arranged between the node n3 and the load, and a high-speed electric control switch S4 is arranged between the node n4 and the load; node n5 is connected to a load;
the node n5 is connected with an inductor L1 through a high-speed electric control switch S10, and the other end of the inductor L1 is provided with a node n 6;
the node n1 is connected with the node n6 through a diode, the anode of the diode is connected with the node n1, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the node n 6;
the node n2 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S5, the node n3 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S6, the node n4 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S7, and the node n5 and the node n6 are connected through a high-speed electric control switch S8;
node n1 is also connected to a dc supply Vdc, which is connected to node n6 through a controllable switch S9.
7. The multiple PWM control system for battery charging as claimed in claim 6, wherein the digital controller signal outputs are connected to the high speed electronically controlled switches S1-S10 signal inputs, respectively.
8. A battery charging multi-pulse width modulation control method, based on any one of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
connecting a direct current bus and a direct current power supply in parallel, and dynamically supplying charging energy to each battery in the direct current bus;
the digital controller outputs different PWM signals to control the high-speed switch array, so that different batteries under the same direct current bus are independently charged;
when residual energy or charging energy among different batteries on a direct current bus is not uniform, the digital controller adjusts duty ratios of different high-speed electric control switches in the high-speed switch array and independently adjusts the charging energy of each battery;
the digital controller also controls the energy of the controllable direct current power supply.
9. The multiple pwm control method for battery charging according to claim 8, wherein the digital controller controls the controllable dc power source according to multiple energy control relationships:
Pout(t)＝ΣDm×Pm；
dt＝D9×Pdc；
in the formula, Pout (t) is the energy of the direct current bus; pmIs the energy value of the battery Bm; dmIs the duty ratio of the switch corresponding to Bm, and m is a high-speed electric control switch S1-a high-speed electric control switch Sm, D9Is the duty cycle of the high speed electronically controlled switch S9; pdcEnergy is output for the controllable direct current power supply.
10. The multiple pwm control method for battery charging according to claim 8, further comprising the steps of: the digital controller controls the controllable buffer circuit through the PWM signal, so that filtering is carried out on the direct current bus, the controllable buffer circuit is controlled to be connected and disconnected, and fluctuation of the direct current bus is eliminated.
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| DE19526836A1 (en) * | 1995-07-22 | 1997-01-23 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Charge balancing device between a plurality of energy stores or converters |
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