CN108039759B - Multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer of lithium ion battery system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer of lithium ion battery system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108039759B CN108039759B CN201810003626.6A CN201810003626A CN108039759B CN 108039759 B CN108039759 B CN 108039759B CN 201810003626 A CN201810003626 A CN 201810003626A CN 108039759 B CN108039759 B CN 108039759B
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery system multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer and a control method thereof, wherein the equalizer is composed of N gating switch matrixes, N inductors, N+1 main control switches Mk with anti-parallel diodes Dk, a flyback transformer T, N+1 capacitors Ck, a voltage source E, N x m battery units Bij and a battery unit equalization module Aij; the gating switch matrix is composed of an upper bridge arm double-layer power switch matrix H and a lower bridge arm double-layer power switch matrix S, each battery unit balancing module Aij is composed of two power switches and an inductor L, and the upper bridge arm power switch matrix H and the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S are double-layer power switch matrices composed of m pairs of power switches which are connected in reverse series. The invention can realize the electric isolation of the battery packs, prevent the mutual influence among different battery packs, adopts the flyback transformer as the medium of energy conversion, reduces the volume of the equalizer and has simple topology circuit principle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer of a lithium ion battery system and a control method thereof, belonging to the technical fields of power electronics and energy equalization management of storage battery packs.
Background
With the aggravation of environmental problems and energy crisis, green and environmental protection are receiving a great deal of attention, and various countries advocate the development of green energy and reduce the use of fossil fuels. As a new energy vehicle, electric vehicles have received a great deal of attention, and their development has become a necessary trend. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of small volume, high energy density and no memory effect, so that the lithium ion battery is widely applied to the field of electric automobiles. However, the rated voltage of the lithium ion battery is low, and a large number of lithium ion batteries are required to be connected in series for meeting the voltage requirement. In the use process of the storage battery, the energy of the lithium ion battery is inconsistent due to the difference of the battery and the use environment, so that the overcharge and overdischarge of the lithium ion battery are caused, and the storage battery is scrapped in advance. In order to solve the problem of inconsistent energy of the storage battery, an effective scheme is needed to balance the energy of the storage battery.
At present, various storage battery equalization schemes are available, including passive equalization and active equalization, wherein the passive equalization mainly aims at achieving the purpose of equalization by consuming redundant energy of a storage battery through a resistor, and the equalization scheme has serious energy loss. The active equalization mainly transfers the redundant energy of the storage battery so as to achieve the purpose of equalization, and has higher equalization efficiency and smaller energy loss. Existing equalization schemes are generally low in equalization efficiency, and use a large number of switching devices, high in switching frequency, and severe in energy loss.
The limitations of the battery equalization technology lead to the fact that the electric automobile cannot be widely developed and is expensive, so that the application of the electric automobile becomes difficult, and in order to improve the equalization efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, the problem of the limitations of the development of the electric automobile is solved, and an efficient equalization scheme is required to be sought. The research on the high-efficiency equalizer of the lithium ion storage battery pack solves the problem of inconsistent energy among lithium ion single batteries connected in series, has very important significance for improving the charge and discharge capacity of the lithium ion storage battery pack, prolonging the cycle service life of the lithium ion storage battery pack and promoting the development of a new energy lithium ion battery energy storage system and a new energy electric automobile, and has very important social value and practical significance for promoting the sustainable development of human society.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of inconsistent energy among a large number of serially connected lithium ion single batteries in a large-scale lithium ion battery energy storage system and an electric vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery system, the invention provides a multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer of a lithium ion battery system and a control method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: for a battery system formed by N battery packs consisting of N x m battery units Bij, the equalizer consists of N gating switch matrixes, N inductors, N+1 main control switches Mk with anti-parallel diodes Dk, a flyback transformer T, N+1 capacitors Ck, a voltage source E, N x m battery units Bij and a battery unit equalizing module Aij; the battery cell equalization modules Aij are composed of two power switches and an inductor L, wherein the upper bridge arm power switch matrix H and the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S are double-layer power switch matrices composed of m pairs of power switches which are reversely connected in series;
n leads are led out from the upper ends of M power switches on the upper layer of the upper bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes and are respectively connected with one ends of main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and the other ends of the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are connected with the upper end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T; the lower ends of m power switches at the lower layer of the lower bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes are led out of N leads and are connected together, and the N leads are connected with the lower end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T together; the positive electrodes of the capacitors C1, C2, … and CN are respectively connected with the upper end outgoing line of the upper bridge arm, and the negative electrodes are respectively connected with the lower end outgoing line of the lower bridge arm; one end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the upper end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the other end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage source E; the negative electrode of the voltage source E is connected with the lower end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the capacitor C0 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage source E; 3 outgoing lines led out from two serial single batteries in each battery unit Bij are respectively connected with two power switches in the corresponding battery unit balancing module and one end of one inductor L, and the two power switches are connected with the other end of one inductor L;
wherein k=0, 1,2, …, N; i=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
The power switch in the gating switch matrix, the power switch Q in the battery unit balancing module and the main control switch M are all reverse-conduction power switch devices.
The upper bridge arm power switch matrix H of the gating switch matrix X consists of m pairs of double-layer power switches XH1j and XH2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S of the gating switch matrix X consists of m pairs of double-layer power switches XS1j and XS2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; wherein x=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
The voltage source E is provided by the battery system through DC/DC or the storage battery set outside the battery system.
The primary side of the flyback transformer is provided with multiple windings, each battery pack corresponds to one winding, and the secondary side is provided with a single winding.
A control method of a multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer of a lithium ion battery system,
when the battery system is in a charging state, the battery units with highest energy in each battery pack are simultaneously and evenly discharged; when the battery system is in a discharging state, battery units with the lowest energy in each battery pack are simultaneously and uniformly charged; when the battery system is in a standing state, each battery unit balancing module realizes energy balance between two single batteries.
In the charge and discharge equalization of the battery packs, energy equalization can be performed on one or more of the battery packs.
When the battery system is in a charging state, the battery unit with the highest energy in each battery pack is gated through a gating switch matrix, then PWM control is carried out on the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and N battery units with the highest energy from N battery packs are used as a power supply of the primary side of the flyback transformer to carry out balanced discharge simultaneously;
when the main control switch is in an on state, energy in the battery unit is stored in a primary side winding of the flyback transformer T, and when the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are in an off state, the energy stored in the flyback transformer T is transferred to a voltage source E through an anti-parallel diode of M0; in charge equalization, a battery cell with high energy emits much energy.
When the battery system is in a discharging state, the battery unit with the lowest energy in each battery pack is gated through a gating switch matrix, then PWM control is carried out on a main control switch M0, a voltage source E is used as a power supply of the secondary side of a flyback transformer T, and N battery units with the lowest energy from N battery packs are simultaneously subjected to balanced charging;
when the main control switch M0 is in an on state, energy in the voltage source E is stored in a secondary side winding of the flyback transformer T, and when the main control switch M0 is closed, the energy stored in the flyback transformer T is transferred to a corresponding battery unit in the battery pack; in the discharge equalization, the battery cells having low energy are charged with much energy.
When the battery system is in a standing state, energy balance between two serial single batteries in each battery unit is realized through the battery unit balance module; in the balancing, through controlling the corresponding switch Q, the energy between the two single batteries is transferred through the inductor, and the single battery with high energy charges with low energy.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can realize the electric isolation of the battery packs, prevent the mutual influence among different battery packs, adopts the flyback transformer as the medium of energy conversion, reduces the volume of the equalizer and has simple topology circuit principle. The invention introduces a double energy balance strategy by taking two batteries as one battery unit, has high balance energy transfer efficiency, high balance speed and strong control capability on balance current, and realizes energy balance among battery units in each battery group and energy balance among battery units of different battery groups.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topology of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram at the time of charge equalization of the battery system;
fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram at the time of battery system discharge equalization;
fig. 4 is a cell balancing circuit diagram of the battery system at the time of stationary balancing.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-4, for a lithium ion battery system multi-mode high-efficiency equalizer, for a battery system formed by N battery packs formed by n×m battery cells Bij, the equalizer is formed by N gating switch matrices, N inductors, n+1 main switches Mk with antiparallel diodes Dk, a flyback transformer T, n+1 capacitors Ck, a voltage source E, n×m battery cells Bij and a battery cell equalization module Aij; the battery cell equalization modules Aij are composed of two power switches and an inductor L, wherein the upper bridge arm power switch matrix H and the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S are double-layer power switch matrices composed of m pairs of power switches which are reversely connected in series; n leads are led out from the upper ends of M power switches on the upper layer of the upper bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes and are respectively connected with one ends of main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and the other ends of the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are connected with the upper end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T; the lower ends of m power switches at the lower layer of the lower bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes are led out of N leads and are connected together, and the N leads are connected with the lower end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T together; the positive electrodes of the capacitors C1, C2, … and CN are respectively connected with the upper end outgoing line of the upper bridge arm, and the negative electrodes are respectively connected with the lower end outgoing line of the lower bridge arm; one end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the upper end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the other end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage source E; the negative electrode of the voltage source E is connected with the lower end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the capacitor C0 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage source E; 3 outgoing lines led out from two serial single batteries in each battery unit Bij are respectively connected with two power switches in the corresponding battery unit balancing module and one end of one inductor L, and the two power switches are connected with the other end of one inductor L; wherein k=0, 1,2, …, N; i=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
Further, the power switch in the gating switch matrix, the power switch Q in the battery cell balancing module and the master control switch M may be all reverse-conduction power switch devices.
Further, an upper bridge arm power switch matrix H of the gating switch matrix X can be set to be composed of m pairs of double-layer power switches XH1j and XH2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S of the gating switch matrix X consists of m pairs of double-layer power switches XS1j and XS2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; wherein x=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
Further, the voltage source E may be provided by the battery system via DC/DC (or the voltage source E may be provided by a battery pack other than the battery system).
Further, the primary side of the flyback transformer may be provided with multiple windings, each battery pack corresponds to one winding, and the secondary side is provided with a single winding.
When the battery system is in a charging state, the battery unit with highest energy in each battery pack is gated through a gating switch matrix, then PWM control is carried out on the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and then N battery units with highest energy from N battery packs are used as a power supply at the primary side of the flyback transformer for balanced discharge.
Taking the equalization of the two battery packs as an example, as shown in fig. 2, when the battery system is in a charged state, it is assumed that the battery cells with the highest energy in the two battery packs are B11 and B22, respectively. In equalization, the battery cells B11, B22 are first gated by the gating switch matrix, i.e. the switches 1H11, 1S11, 2H12 and 2S12 are controlled in the on state, respectively. The balanced battery cells B11 and B22 are used as the primary side power supply of the flyback transformer to perform balanced discharge. During balancing, when the master control switches M1 and M2 are subjected to PWM control, 2 battery units are discharged in a balancing mode through a flyback transformer. When M1 and M2 are on, energy from the battery cells is stored in the primary winding of the transformer, and when M1 and M2 are off, the energy stored in the transformer is transferred to the voltage source E via the anti-parallel diode of M0. Through the equalization strategy under the charging state of the battery system, the battery unit with the highest energy in each battery pack is simultaneously and evenly discharged, so that the charging capacity of each battery pack and the whole battery system is improved on one hand, and the energy among the single batteries with the highest energy from different battery packs in the battery system is equalized on the other hand.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1-4, for a lithium ion battery system multi-mode high-efficiency equalizer, for a battery system formed by N battery packs formed by n×m battery cells Bij, the equalizer is formed by N gating switch matrices, N inductors, n+1 main switches Mk with antiparallel diodes Dk, a flyback transformer T, n+1 capacitors Ck, a voltage source E, n×m battery cells Bij and a battery cell equalization module Aij; the battery cell equalization modules Aij are composed of two power switches and an inductor L, wherein the upper bridge arm power switch matrix H and the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S are double-layer power switch matrices composed of m pairs of power switches which are reversely connected in series; n leads are led out from the upper ends of M power switches on the upper layer of the upper bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes and are respectively connected with one ends of main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and the other ends of the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are connected with the upper end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T; the lower ends of m power switches at the lower layer of the lower bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes are led out of N leads and are connected together, and the N leads are connected with the lower end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T together; the positive electrodes of the capacitors C1, C2, … and CN are respectively connected with the upper end outgoing line of the upper bridge arm, and the negative electrodes are respectively connected with the lower end outgoing line of the lower bridge arm; one end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the upper end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the other end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage source E; the negative electrode of the voltage source E is connected with the lower end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the capacitor C0 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage source E; 3 outgoing lines led out from two serial single batteries in each battery unit Bij are respectively connected with two power switches in the corresponding battery unit balancing module and one end of one inductor L, and the two power switches are connected with the other end of one inductor L; wherein k=0, 1,2, …, N; i=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
Further, the power switch in the gating switch matrix, the power switch Q in the battery cell balancing module and the master control switch M may be all reverse-conduction power switch devices.
Further, an upper bridge arm power switch matrix H of the gating switch matrix X can be set to be composed of m pairs of double-layer power switches XH1j and XH2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S of the gating switch matrix X consists of m pairs of double-layer power switches XS1j and XS2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; wherein x=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
Further, the voltage source E may be provided by a battery pack other than the battery system (or the voltage source E may be provided by the battery system via DC/DC).
Further, the primary side of the flyback transformer may be provided with multiple windings, each battery pack corresponds to one winding, and the secondary side is provided with a single winding.
When the battery system is in a discharging state, the battery units with the lowest energy in each battery pack are gated through a gating switch matrix, then PWM control is carried out on a master control switch M0, and N battery units with the lowest energy from N battery packs are used as output ends of the primary side of a flyback transformer to be simultaneously subjected to equalizing charge.
Taking the equalization of the two battery packs as an example, as shown in fig. 3, when the battery system is in a discharge state, it is assumed that the battery cells with the lowest energy in the two battery packs are B12 and B21, respectively. At the time of equalization, the battery cells B12, B21 are first gated by the gating switch matrix, i.e., the switches 1H22, 1S22, 2H21 and 2S21 are controlled to be in the on state, respectively. The balanced battery cells B12 and B21 are balanced charged as the primary side output of the flyback transformer. When in equalization, the master control switch M0 is subjected to PWM control, and then 2 battery units are subjected to equalization charge through a flyback transformer. When M0 is on, energy from the voltage source is stored in the secondary winding of the transformer, and when M0 is off, the energy stored in the transformer is transferred to the battery cells B12 and B21 via the anti-parallel diodes of M1 and M2. And through an equalization strategy under the discharging state of the battery system, battery units with the lowest energy in each battery pack are simultaneously equalized to charge, so that the discharge capacity of each battery pack and the whole battery system is improved, and the energy among single batteries with the lowest energy from different battery packs in the battery system is equalized.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 1-4, for a lithium ion battery system multi-mode high-efficiency equalizer, for a battery system formed by N battery packs formed by n×m battery cells Bij, the equalizer is formed by N gating switch matrices, N inductors, n+1 main switches Mk with antiparallel diodes Dk, a flyback transformer T, n+1 capacitors Ck, a voltage source E, n×m battery cells Bij and a battery cell equalization module Aij; the battery cell equalization modules Aij are composed of two power switches and an inductor L, wherein the upper bridge arm power switch matrix H and the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S are double-layer power switch matrices composed of m pairs of power switches which are reversely connected in series; n leads are led out from the upper ends of M power switches on the upper layer of the upper bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes and are respectively connected with one ends of main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and the other ends of the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are connected with the upper end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T; the lower ends of m power switches at the lower layer of the lower bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes are led out of N leads and are connected together, and the N leads are connected with the lower end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T together; the positive electrodes of the capacitors C1, C2, … and CN are respectively connected with the upper end outgoing line of the upper bridge arm, and the negative electrodes are respectively connected with the lower end outgoing line of the lower bridge arm; one end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the upper end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the other end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage source E; the negative electrode of the voltage source E is connected with the lower end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the capacitor C0 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage source E; 3 outgoing lines led out from two serial single batteries in each battery unit Bij are respectively connected with two power switches in the corresponding battery unit balancing module and one end of one inductor L, and the two power switches are connected with the other end of one inductor L; wherein k=0, 1,2, …, N; i=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
Further, the power switch in the gating switch matrix, the power switch Q in the battery cell balancing module and the master control switch M may be all reverse-conduction power switch devices.
Further, an upper bridge arm power switch matrix H of the gating switch matrix X can be set to be composed of m pairs of double-layer power switches XH1j and XH2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S of the gating switch matrix X consists of m pairs of double-layer power switches XS1j and XS2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; wherein x=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
Further, the voltage source E may be provided by a battery pack other than the battery system (or the voltage source E may be provided by the battery system via DC/DC).
Further, the primary side of the flyback transformer may be provided with multiple windings, each battery pack corresponds to one winding, and the secondary side is provided with a single winding.
A control method of a multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer of a lithium ion battery system is characterized in that when the battery system is in a static state, energy equalization between two serial single batteries in each battery unit is realized through a battery unit equalization module, and an equivalent equalization circuit is a typical buck-boost chopper circuit.
As shown in fig. 4, taking the battery Cell B11 as an example, it is assumed that the battery Cell B11 has high energy. During equalization, PWM control is performed on the switch 1Q1 in the equalization module a 11: when the switch 1Q1 is turned on, the loop (1) is activated, the single battery Cell11 discharges, and the inductor L stores energy; when 1Q1 is turned off, the loop (2) is activated, and the energy in the inductance L is transferred to the Cell 12. Similarly, when the switch 1Q2 is PWM-controlled, energy is transferred from the Cell12 to the Cell 11. The equalization principle of other battery cell equalization modules (Aij, i=1, 2, …, N, j=1, 2, …, m) in the battery system is the same.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 1-4, for a lithium ion battery system multi-mode high-efficiency equalizer, for a battery system formed by N battery packs formed by n×m battery cells Bij, the equalizer is formed by N gating switch matrices, N inductors, n+1 main switches Mk with antiparallel diodes Dk, a flyback transformer T, n+1 capacitors Ck, a voltage source E, n×m battery cells Bij and a battery cell equalization module Aij; the battery cell equalization modules Aij are composed of two power switches and an inductor L, wherein the upper bridge arm power switch matrix H and the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S are double-layer power switch matrices composed of m pairs of power switches which are reversely connected in series; n leads are led out from the upper ends of M power switches on the upper layer of the upper bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes and are respectively connected with one ends of main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and the other ends of the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are connected with the upper end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T; the lower ends of m power switches at the lower layer of the lower bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes are led out of N leads and are connected together, and the N leads are connected with the lower end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T together; the positive electrodes of the capacitors C1, C2, … and CN are respectively connected with the upper end outgoing line of the upper bridge arm, and the negative electrodes are respectively connected with the lower end outgoing line of the lower bridge arm; one end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the upper end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the other end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage source E; the negative electrode of the voltage source E is connected with the lower end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the capacitor C0 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage source E; 3 outgoing lines led out from two serial single batteries in each battery unit Bij are respectively connected with two power switches in the corresponding battery unit balancing module and one end of one inductor L, and the two power switches are connected with the other end of one inductor L; wherein k=0, 1,2, …, N; i=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
Further, the power switch in the gating switch matrix, the power switch Q in the battery cell balancing module and the master control switch M may be all reverse-conduction power switch devices.
Further, an upper bridge arm power switch matrix H of the gating switch matrix X can be set to be composed of m pairs of double-layer power switches XH1j and XH2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S of the gating switch matrix X consists of m pairs of double-layer power switches XS1j and XS2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; wherein x=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
Further, the voltage source E may be provided by a battery system via DC/DC or by a battery pack outside the battery system.
Further, the primary side of the flyback transformer may be provided with multiple windings, each battery pack corresponds to one winding, and the secondary side is provided with a single winding.
A control method of a multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer of a lithium ion battery system can only equalize one or a plurality of battery packs if the energy of the battery pack is inconsistent when the battery pack is in a charging or discharging state. In the equalization, the corresponding matrix switch and master switch are controlled to achieve energy equalization.
Further, it may be provided that when the battery system is in a charged state, the battery unit with the highest energy in each battery pack is gated by the gating switch matrix, then PWM control is performed on the main control switches M1, M2, …, MN, and N battery units with the highest energy from N battery packs are simultaneously subjected to balanced discharge as a power source on the primary side of the flyback transformer; when the main control switch is in an on state, energy in the battery unit is stored in a primary side winding of the flyback transformer T, and when the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are in an off state, the energy stored in the flyback transformer T is transferred to a voltage source E through an anti-parallel diode of M0; in charge equalization, a battery cell with high energy emits much energy.
Further, it may be provided that when the battery system is in a discharge state, the battery unit with the lowest energy in each battery pack is gated by the gating switch matrix, then PWM control is performed on the master switch M0, and the voltage source E is used as a power source on the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, so that N battery units with the lowest energy from N battery packs are simultaneously subjected to equalizing charge; when the main control switch M0 is in an on state, energy in the voltage source E is stored in a secondary side winding of the flyback transformer T, and when the main control switch M0 is closed, the energy stored in the flyback transformer T is transferred to a corresponding battery unit in the battery pack; in the discharge equalization, the battery cells having low energy are charged with much energy.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a lithium ion battery system multiple mode high-efficiency energy equalizer which characterized in that: for a battery system formed by N battery packs formed by N x m battery units Bij, an equalizer consists of N gating switch matrixes, N inductors, N+1 main control switches Mk with anti-parallel diodes Dk, a flyback transformer T, N+1 capacitors Ck, a voltage source E, N x m battery units Bij and a battery unit equalizing module Aij; the battery cell equalization modules Aij are composed of two power switches and an inductor L, wherein the upper bridge arm power switch matrix H and the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S are double-layer power switch matrices composed of m pairs of power switches which are reversely connected in series;
n leads are led out from the upper ends of M power switches on the upper layer of the upper bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes and are respectively connected with one ends of main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and the other ends of the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are connected with the upper end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T; the lower ends of m power switches at the lower layer of the lower bridge arm of the N gating switch matrixes are led out of N leads and are connected together, and the N leads are connected with the lower end of the primary side of the flyback transformer T together; the positive electrodes of the capacitors C1, C2, … and CN are respectively connected with the upper end outgoing line of the upper bridge arm, and the negative electrodes are respectively connected with the lower end outgoing line of the lower bridge arm; one end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the upper end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the other end of the main control switch M0 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage source E; the negative electrode of the voltage source E is connected with the lower end of the secondary side of the flyback transformer T, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the capacitor C0 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage source E; 3 outgoing lines led out from two serial single batteries in each battery unit Bij are respectively connected with two power switches in the corresponding battery unit balancing module and one end of one inductor L, and the two power switches are connected with the other end of one inductor L;
wherein k=0, 1,2, …, N; i=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m;
the flyback transformer T is provided with a plurality of primary windings;
the primary side of the flyback transformer is a plurality of windings, each battery pack corresponds to one winding, and the secondary side is a single winding;
according to the control method of the multi-mode high-efficiency energy equalizer of the lithium ion battery system, when the battery system is in a charging state, battery units with highest energy in each battery pack are simultaneously and evenly discharged; when the battery system is in a discharging state, battery units with the lowest energy in each battery pack are simultaneously and uniformly charged; when the battery system is in a static state, each battery unit balancing module realizes energy balance between two single batteries;
in the charge and discharge equalization of the battery packs, energy equalization can be performed on one or more battery packs;
when the battery system is in a charging state, the battery unit with the highest energy in each battery pack is gated through a gating switch matrix, then PWM control is carried out on the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN, and N battery units with the highest energy from N battery packs are used as a power supply of the primary side of the flyback transformer to carry out balanced discharge simultaneously;
when the main control switch is in an on state, energy in the battery unit is stored in a primary side winding of the flyback transformer T, and when the main control switches M1, M2, … and MN are in an off state, the energy stored in the flyback transformer T is transferred to a voltage source E through an anti-parallel diode of M0; in charge equalization, the battery cell with high energy emits much energy;
when the battery system is in a discharging state, the battery unit with the lowest energy in each battery pack is gated through a gating switch matrix, then PWM control is carried out on a main control switch M0, a voltage source E is used as a power supply of the secondary side of a flyback transformer T, and N battery units with the lowest energy from N battery packs are simultaneously subjected to balanced charging;
when the main control switch M0 is in an on state, energy in the voltage source E is stored in a secondary side winding of the flyback transformer T, and when the main control switch M0 is closed, the energy stored in the flyback transformer T is transferred to a corresponding battery unit in the battery pack; in the discharge equalization, the battery cells having low energy are charged with much energy;
when the battery system is in a standing state, energy balance between two serial single batteries in each battery unit is realized through the battery unit balance module; in the balancing, through controlling the corresponding switch Q, the energy between the two single batteries is transferred through the inductor, and the single battery with high energy charges with low energy.
2. The lithium ion battery system multi-mode high-efficiency equalizer of claim 1, wherein: the power switch in the gating switch matrix, the power switch Q in the battery unit balancing module and the main control switch M are all reverse-conduction power switch devices.
3. The lithium ion battery system multi-mode high-efficiency equalizer of claim 1, wherein: the upper bridge arm power switch matrix H of the gating switch matrix X consists of m pairs of double-layer power switches XH1j and XH2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; the lower bridge arm power switch matrix S of the gating switch matrix X consists of m pairs of double-layer power switches XS1j and XS2j which are connected in series in an inverse mode; wherein x=1, 2,..n; j=1, 2,..m.
4. The lithium ion battery system multi-mode high-efficiency equalizer of claim 1, wherein: the voltage source E is provided by the battery system through DC/DC or the storage battery set outside the battery system.
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| CN108995549B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-06-16 | 上海电机学院 | Electric quantity balancing circuit, device and method for single batteries of electric vehicle |
| CN110429682A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-08 | 陕西千山航空电子有限责任公司 | A kind of super capacitor pack non-dissipative equalizing circuit and control method |
| CN113629805A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-09 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Transformer resistance grouping battery equalization circuit scheme |
| CN114629216A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-06-14 | 重庆大学 | Expanded equalization system based on bidirectional CUK converter and working method thereof |
| CN116683561A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-09-01 | 江苏科曜能源科技有限公司 | Extensible battery active equalization circuit |
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