CN106602648B - Improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series battery pack based on inductive energy storage - Google Patents
Improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series battery pack based on inductive energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN106602648B CN106602648B CN201611154168.3A CN201611154168A CN106602648B CN 106602648 B CN106602648 B CN 106602648B CN 201611154168 A CN201611154168 A CN 201611154168A CN 106602648 B CN106602648 B CN 106602648B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses an improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series battery packs based on inductive energy storage, wherein the series battery packs are divided into a left battery pack and a right battery pack, the left battery cell is the left battery pack, and the right battery cell is the right battery pack. The head end and the tail end of the series battery pack are arranged at V CC Between the battery and GND, the left and right batteries are connected by the middle equalizing circuit, which is connected with the control circuit. By controlling the on-off of the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC in the equalizing circuit and the energy storage function of the energy storage inductor, the circuit can realize the dynamic equalization in the charge and discharge process of the battery pack, improve the unbalanced phenomenon of the series battery pack, improve the available capacity of the battery pack, reduce the maintenance and replacement period of the series battery pack and prolong the service life of the battery pack. Therefore, the circuit is suitable for a battery management system of an energy storage device in a hybrid electric vehicle, a pure electric vehicle or an energy storage power station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery pack equalization, in particular to an improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series battery packs based on inductance energy storage.
Background
After a plurality of charge and discharge cycles, the distribution of the residual capacities of the battery cells of the series battery pack approximately shows three conditions: the residual capacity of some battery cells is higher; the residual capacity of some battery cells is low; the remaining capacity of some battery cells is higher and the remaining capacity of some battery cells is lower.
Aiming at the three conditions, students at home and abroad propose own solutions. As for the case where the residual capacity of the individual battery cells is high, there has been proposed a parallel resistance shunt method which consumes energy of the battery module having the high residual capacity through a resistor by controlling the corresponding switching device, which wastes energy and generates a large amount of heat during the balancing process, increasing the load of thermal management of the battery. Researchers have also proposed equalization circuits such as a bidirectional DC-DC equalization method and a coaxial transformer equalization method, which use transformers, and increase the cost of the equalization circuit.
The current lithium ion battery pack balance control method can be divided into two main types, namely energy dissipation type and energy non-dissipation type according to the energy consumption condition of a circuit in the balance process; according to the equalization function classification, charge equalization, discharge equalization and dynamic equalization can be classified. The charge equalization refers to equalization in the charging process, and is generally started when the cell voltage of the battery pack reaches a set value, and overcharge is prevented by reducing the charging current; discharge equalization refers to equalization in the discharge process, and over-discharge is prevented by supplementing energy to a battery cell with low residual energy; the dynamic equalization mode combines the advantages of charge equalization and discharge equalization, and means equalization of the battery pack in the whole charge and discharge process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides an improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of a series battery pack based on inductance energy storage, which ensures that single bodies in the battery pack are not overcharged and overdischarged in the charging and discharging processes by adopting an equalization circuit in a battery management system of the series battery pack, improves the imbalance phenomenon of the series battery pack, improves the available capacity of the battery pack, reduces the maintenance and replacement period of the series battery pack, prolongs the service life of the battery pack, and reduces the running cost of a hybrid electric vehicle, an electric vehicle and an energy storage power station.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series-connected battery packs based on inductive energy storage, during charging, when any one or more of the left part of the battery pack is continuously chargedChi Shan when the energy is too high (as in fig. 1 and 3 (a), battery B l1 And battery B l2 Is a continuous battery cell, battery B l1 And battery B l2 And battery B l3 Is a continuous battery cell. I.e., the left portion of the battery, any consecutive cell or cells, the present invention is referred to as a consecutive cell, and may be properly considered as a whole during equalization. The right-hand continuous cells of the stack are defined as the same, one or more cells with too high continuous energy can be regarded as a whole, and the energy of the whole is equalized to the whole of the right-hand cells corresponding to the whole, (in fig. 1 and 3 (a), the left-hand cell B l1 Corresponding to the right part of battery B r1 Left part of battery B l1 And B l2 The whole of the composition corresponds to the right part of the battery B r1 And B r2 And the whole is formed. I.e. the whole of any continuous one or more battery cells of the left part, corresponds to the whole of a battery composition of the right part and the same continuous inductance or inductances connected in parallel with the whole, the definition of continuous inductances being the same as the definition of continuous batteries. The definition of the left cell corresponding to the right cell is the same as that of the right cell); the equalization principle of the right part is the same as that of the left part.
When one or more continuous battery cells of the left portion of the battery pack are too low in energy during discharge, the one or more cells that are too low in energy may be considered as a whole. When the battery energy of the right portion corresponding to the excessively low-energy whole body is not excessively low, the battery energy of the right portion corresponding to the excessively low-energy whole body and the energy of any battery combination continuous with the batteries can be equalized to the excessively low-energy whole body. When the energy of the battery at the right part corresponding to the whole low energy is too low, the balance must be realized through two steps, the energy of one or more continuous battery cells with high energy at the left part is balanced to the battery at the right part, the voltage of the battery at the right part is increased, and then the balance is performed through the discharge balance method. The equalization principle of the right part is the same as that of the left part.
The series batteryThe improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization consists of a series battery pack, an equalization circuit and a control circuit. The serial battery pack is divided into a left battery pack and a right battery pack, wherein the left battery cell is the left battery pack, and the right battery cell is the right battery pack; when the total number of the battery cells is 2n (n is a positive integer), the numbers of the left and right battery cells are n, when the total number of the battery cells is 2n+1 (n is a positive integer), the number of the left battery cell is n, the number of the right battery cell is n+1, or the number of the left battery cell is n+1, the number of the right battery cell is n, the invention is described by taking the number of the left battery cell as n and the number of the right battery cell as n+1 (when the number of the left battery cell is n+1, the number of the right battery cell is n, the principle is the same); the left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln When the total number of the battery cells is 2n, the right battery cells are respectively named as B from top to bottom r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn When the total number of battery cells is 2n+1, the right battery cells are respectively named as B from top to bottom r0 、B r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn ；B l1 Positive electrode of V CC B when the total number of the battery cells is 2n r1 When the total number of the battery cells is 2n+1, B r0 The negative electrode of (1) is connected with GND; the number of the batteries is not limited, but as the number of the batteries increases, the equalization control becomes complex correspondingly, the switching frequency of the TRIAC may not reach the requirement, the requirement on the energy storage inductance is also increased correspondingly, and the selection should be made according to the actual situation. When the number of the batteries is 2n, the number of the energy storage inductors L in the equalizing circuit is n, and the energy storage inductors are respectively named as L from top to bottom 1 、L 2 ……L n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the number of batteries is 2n+1, the number of energy storage inductors L in the equalizing circuit is n+1, which are respectively named L from top to bottom 0 、L 1 ……L n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The control end of the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC is connected with the control circuit, so that the bidirectional is realizedThe on and off of the thyristor TRIAC is controlled by a control circuit; when the number of the batteries is 2n, the number of the TRIACs is 3n+2, and the two-way thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are respectively named as S from top to bottom 1 、S 2 ……S n The bidirectional thyristors connected with the left battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom l1 、S l2 ……S l(n+1) The two-way thyristors connected with the right battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom r1 、S r2 ……S r(n+1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the number of batteries is 2n+1, the number of the bidirectional thyristors TRIAC is 3n+5, and the bidirectional thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are respectively named as S from top to bottom 0 、S 1 ……S n The bidirectional thyristors connected with the left battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom l0 、S l1 ……S l(n+1) The two-way thyristors connected with the right battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom r0 、S r1 ……S r(n+1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Battery cell B l1 Positive electrode of V CC Battery cell B r1 The negative electrode of (2) is connected with GND. The control circuit in fig. 1 comprises a microcontroller and a driving circuit of all TRIAC, by programming the microcontroller in the control circuit to analyze the current battery charge and calculate which control strategy should be used to equalize the circuit; the driving circuit in the control circuit can provide proper driving voltage or turn-off voltage for the gate electrode of the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC, so that the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC is turned on or turned off according to actual requirements, and the purpose of balancing the electric quantity of the battery is achieved.
The working principle of the equalizing circuit is as follows:
when the number of the batteries is 2n, as shown in fig. 1, if the continuous batteries in the left battery pack are all the highest in terminal voltage during the charging process, the whole of the batteries can be simultaneously discharged and balanced. Suppose these cells are B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) (the number of these cells is at most equal to the total cells of the left battery pack, i.e., w has a maximum value of n-1, and w is 0 or more). To avoid B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) Overcharging inWithin one PWM period, the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TRIACS li And S is l(i+w+1) On, the current passes through S li Energy storage inductance L i 、L i+1 ……L i+w 、S l(i+w+1) B, B l(i+w) 、B l(i+w-1) ……B li ，B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) Discharge is inductance L i 、L i+1 ……L i+w The integral storage energy of the composition; and battery B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) The corresponding battery is B ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) ，S li And S is l(i+w+1) Turn on for a certain time and turn off at the same time turn on S ri And S is r(i+w+1) At this time, the current passes through the inductor L i 、L i+1 ……L i+w 、S r(i+w+1) Battery B r(i+w) 、B r(i+w-1) ……B ri S and S ri Inductance L i 、L i+1 ……L i+w Releasing energy to B ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) Realizing energy from B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) To B ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) Is transferred from the first to the second transfer station. In the charging process, if the continuous batteries in the right battery pack are all the highest in terminal voltage, the balancing principle is the same as that of the left battery pack.
When the number of the batteries is 2n, as shown in fig. 1, if the continuous batteries in the left battery pack are all the lowest in terminal voltage during discharging, the whole formed by the batteries can be simultaneously discharged and balanced. Suppose these cells are B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) (the number of these cells is at most equal to the total cells of the left battery pack, i.e., w has a maximum value of n-1, and w is 0 or more). Hypothesis and Battery B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) The corresponding battery is B ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) When B ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) When the integral energy is not too low, the energy is judged to be B by a certain rule ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) The whole of a certain cell in succession can be B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) Providing energy. Suppose this integral battery is B r(i-p) 、B r(i-p+1) ……B r(i+q+w) (p+q+w has a maximum value of n-1, p is 0 or more, and q is 0 or more), S is turned on r(i-p) And S is r(i+q+w+1) At the same time switch on S i-p 、S i-p+1 ……S i+q+w+1 S is removed from i 、S i+1 ……S i+w And the rest is connected with the bidirectional thyristors in parallel with the inductor. At this time the current passes through S r(i-p) Battery B r(i-p) 、B r(i-p+1) ……B r(i+q+w) 、S r(i+q+w+1) Inductance L i 、L i+1 ……L i+w S and S i-p 、S i-p+1 ……S i+q+w+1 S is removed from i 、S i+1 ……S i+w The rest of the bidirectional thyristors are connected in parallel with the inductor, B r(i-p) 、B r(i-p+1) ……B r(i+q+w) Discharge is inductance L i 、L i+1 ……L i+w The integral storage energy of the composition; s is S r(i-p) And S is r(i+q+w+1) And S is i-p 、S i-p+1 ……S i+q+w+1 S is removed from i 、S i+1 ……S i+w The rest of the bidirectional thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are turned on for a period of time and then turned off, and S is turned on simultaneously li And S is l(i+w+1) The current passes through the energy storage inductance L i+w 、L i+w-1 ……L i 、S li 、B li 、B l(i+1) ……B l(i+w) S and S l(i+w+1) Inductance L i 、L i+1 ……L i+w Releasing energy to B ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) Realizing energy from B r(i-p) 、B r(i-p+1) ……B r(i+q+w) To B ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) Is transferred from the first to the second transfer station. When B is ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) When the integral energy is too low, the battery in the left battery pack is used for integrally charging the right battery pack, so that B is improved ri 、B r(i+1) ……B r(i+w) And then discharge equalization is performed in the above manner. In the discharging process, if the continuous batteries in the right battery pack are all the lowest in terminal voltage, the balancing principle is the same as that of the left battery pack.
When the number of batteries is 2n+1, as in FIG. 2, during charge or discharge, except for battery B r0 The equalization method of other cells is the same as when the number of cells is 2 n. During charging, if battery B r0 The highest terminal voltage, in order to avoid the difference to B r0 Overcharging, in a PWM cycle, the triac r0 And S is r1 On, the current passes through S r1 Energy storage inductance L 0 、S r0 B, B r0 Discharge, is inductance L 0 Store energy. S is S r0 And S is r1 Turn on for a period of time and turn off at the same time turn on S l0 And S is l2 At this time, the current passes through the inductor L 0 、S l0 Battery B l1 、S l2 Inductance L 1 Inductance L 0 Releasing energy to B l1 Realizing energy from B r0 To B l1 Is transferred from the first to the second transfer station. During discharging, if cell B r0 The terminal voltage is the lowest, in order to avoid the difference to B r0 Overdischarge, in a PWM period, the triac l0 And S is ln Conduction and simultaneous conduction of bidirectional thyristors S 1 、S 2 ……S n Then the current passes through S l0 Energy storage inductance L 0 、S 1 、S 2 ……S n 、S ln B, B ln 、B l(n-1) ……B l1 Is the inductance L 0 Storing energy; s is S l0 And S is ln Turn on for a period of time and turn off at the same time turn on S r0 And S is r1 At this time, the current passes through the inductor L 0 、S r1 Battery B r0 S and S r0 Inductance L 0 Releasing energy to B r0 Realizing energy from B l1 、B l2 ……B ln To B r0 Is transferred from the first to the second transfer station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention adopts the lossless dynamic battery equalization technology in the battery management system of the series battery pack, so that each battery is prevented from being overcharged and overdischarged in the charging and discharging processes, the unbalanced phenomenon of the series battery pack is improved, the available capacity of the battery pack is improved, the service life of the battery pack is prolonged, and the cost of the storage battery energy storage system in the hybrid electric vehicle, the electric vehicle and the power station is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an improved circuit for two-way lossless equalization of series battery packs based on inductive energy storage with a battery number of 2 n;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an improved circuit for two-way lossless equalization of series battery packs based on inductive energy storage with a number of batteries 2n+1;
fig. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the operation of the inductor in the charging process of 4 batteries when the number of batteries is 2 n;
fig. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the operation of the inductor discharging during charging, for example, 4 batteries when the number of batteries is 2 n;
fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the operation of the inductor in the charging process of 4 batteries when the number of batteries is 2 n;
fig. 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of the operation of the inductor discharging during charging, for example, 4 batteries when the number of batteries is 2 n;
FIG. 5 (a) shows a battery B of 5 batteries when the number of batteries is 2n+1 r0 An operating schematic diagram of inductive charging during charging;
FIG. 5 (B) shows a battery B of 5 batteries when the number of batteries is 2n+1 r0 An operation schematic diagram of inductance discharging in the charging process;
FIG. 6 (a) shows a battery B of 5 batteries when the number of batteries is 2n+1 r0 An operating schematic diagram of inductive charging during discharging;
FIG. 6 (B) shows a battery B of 5 batteries when the number of batteries is 2n+1 r0 An operation schematic diagram of inductance discharge in the discharge process;
fig. 7 is a voltage waveform diagram of each battery cell in an equalizing circuit charge simulation experiment using 4 batteries as an example;
fig. 8 is a voltage waveform diagram of each battery cell in an equalization circuit discharge simulation experiment using 4 batteries as an example.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit when the number of cells is 2 n. The serial battery pack is divided into a left battery pack and a right battery pack, wherein the left battery cell is the left battery pack, and the right battery cell is the right battery pack; the number of the battery monomers at the left and right parts is n; the left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln The right battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn ，B l1 Positive electrode of V CC ，B r1 The negative electrode of (1) is connected with GND; the number of the batteries is not limited, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, however, as the number of the batteries increases, the equalization control becomes complex correspondingly, the switching frequency of the TRIAC may not meet the requirement, the requirement on the energy storage inductance is also increased correspondingly, and the selection should be made according to the actual situation. The number of the energy storage inductors L in the equalizing circuit is n, and the energy storage inductors are respectively named as L from top to bottom 1 、L 2 ……L n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The control ends of all the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are connected with a control circuit, so that the on and off of the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are controlled by the control circuit; bidirectional thyristor TRThe IAC number is 3n+2, and the two-way thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are respectively named S from top to bottom 1 、S 2 ……S n The bidirectional thyristors connected with the left battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom l1 、S l2 ……S l(n+1) The bidirectional thyristors connected with the right battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom r1 、S r2 ……S r(n+1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Battery cell B l1 Positive electrode of V CC Battery cell B r1 The negative electrode of (2) is connected with GND. The control circuit in the figure comprises a microcontroller and a driving circuit of all the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs, and the microcontroller in the control circuit is programmed to analyze the electric quantity of the current battery and calculate which control strategy should be adopted to balance the circuit; the driving circuit in the control circuit can provide proper driving voltage or turn-off voltage for the gate electrode of the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC, so that the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC is turned on or turned off according to actual requirements, and the purpose of balancing the electric quantity of the battery is achieved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit for a number of cells 2n+1. The serial battery pack is divided into a left battery pack and a right battery pack, wherein the left battery cell is the left battery pack, and the right battery cell is the right battery pack; the number of the left battery unit is n, the number of the right battery unit is n+1, the number of the left battery unit is n+1, the number of the right battery unit is n, and the invention takes the number of the left battery unit as n and the number of the right battery unit as n+1 as an example; the left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln The right battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r0 、B r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn ，B l1 Positive electrode of V CC ，B r0 The negative electrode of (1) is connected with GND; the number of the batteries is not limited, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, however, as the number of the batteries increases, the equalization control becomes complex correspondingly, the switching frequency of the TRIAC may not meet the requirement, the requirement on the energy storage inductance is also increased correspondingly, and the selection should be made according to the actual situation. The number of the energy storage inductors L in the equalizing circuit is n+1, and the energy storage inductors are respectively from top to bottomDesignated as L 0 、L 1 ……L n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The control end of the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC is connected with the control circuit, so that the on and off of the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC are controlled by the control circuit; the quantity of the TRIACs is 3n+5, and the two-way thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are respectively named as S from top to bottom 0 、S 1 ……S n The bidirectional thyristors connected with the left battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom l0 、S l1 ……S l(n+1) The bidirectional thyristors connected with the right battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom r0 、S r1 ……S r(n+1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Battery cell B l1 Positive electrode of V CC Battery cell B r1 The negative electrode of (2) is connected with GND. The control circuit in the figure comprises a microcontroller and a driving circuit of all the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs, and the microcontroller in the control circuit is programmed to analyze the electric quantity of the current battery and calculate which control strategy should be adopted to balance the circuit; the driving circuit in the control circuit can provide proper driving voltage or turn-off voltage for the gate electrode of the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC, so that the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC is turned on or turned off according to actual requirements, and the purpose of balancing the electric quantity of the battery is achieved.
Fig. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the operation of the inductor in the charging process of 4 batteries, for example, when the number of batteries is 2 n. The total number of the battery cells is 4, the numbers of the left and right battery cells are 2, and the left battery cell group is named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 The left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r1 、B r2 The inductances are respectively named as L from top to bottom 1 、L 2 . If B in left battery pack l1 The terminal voltage of the monomer is the highest for all monomers, in order to avoid the B 1 Overcharging, in a PWM cycle, the triac l1 And S is l2 On, the current passes through S l1 Energy storage inductance L 1 、S l2 B, B l1 ，B l1 Discharge is inductance L 1 Store energy.
Fig. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the operation of the inductor discharging during charging, for example, 4 batteries when the number of batteries is 2 n. The total number of the battery cells is 4, the numbers of the left and right battery cells are 2, and the left battery cell group is named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 The left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r1 、B r2 The inductances are respectively named as L from top to bottom 1 、L 2 . In one PWM cycle with FIG. 3 (a), L 1 The stored energy is released to B r1 。S l1 And S is l2 Turn on for a certain time and turn off at the same time turn on S r1 And S is r2 At this time, the current passes through the inductor L 1 、S r2 Battery B r1 S and S r1 Inductance L 1 Releasing energy to B r1 Realizing energy from B l1 To B r1 Is transferred from the first to the second transfer station.
Fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the operation of the inductor in the charging process of 4 batteries, for example, when the number of batteries is 2 n. The total number of the battery cells is 4, the numbers of the left and right battery cells are 2, and the left battery cell group is named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 The left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r1 、B r2 The inductances are respectively named as L from top to bottom 1 、L 2 . If B in left battery pack l1 The voltage at the monomer terminal is the lowest for all monomers, say with B l1 Corresponding battery B r1 The energy is not too low and B r1 And B r2 The whole body can be B l1 Providing energy. To avoid B 1 Overdischarge, in a PWM period, the triac r1 And S is r3 Conducting and simultaneously turning on S 2 Then the current passes through S r3 、S 2 Energy storage inductance L 1 、S r1 B, B r1 And B r2 ，B r1 And B r2 Discharge is inductance L 1 Store energy.
FIG. 4 (b) shows the power during charging of 4 batteries, for example, when the number of batteries is 2nSchematic diagram of the operation process of the induction and discharge. The total number of the battery cells is 4, the numbers of the left and right battery cells are 2, and the left battery cell group is named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 The left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r1 、B r2 The inductances are respectively named as L from top to bottom 1 、L 2 . In one PWM period with FIG. 4 (a), S r1 、S r3 And S is 2 Turn on for a certain time and turn off at the same time turn on S l1 And S is l2 At this time, the current passes through the inductor L 1 、S l1 Battery B l1 S and S l2 Inductance L 1 Releasing energy to B l1 Realizing energy from B r1 And B r2 To B l1 Is transferred from the first to the second transfer station.
FIG. 5 (a) shows a battery B of 5 batteries when the number of batteries is 2n+1 r0 And an operating principle diagram of inductive charging in the charging process. The total number of the battery cells is 5, the number of the left part of the battery cells is 2, and the number of the right part of the battery cells is 3. The left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 The right battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r0 、B r1 、B r2 The inductances are respectively named as L from top to bottom 0 、L 1 、L 2 The number of the TRIACs is 11, and the two-way thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are respectively named S from top to bottom 0 、S 1 、S 2 The bidirectional thyristors connected with the left battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom l0 、S l1 、S l2 The bidirectional thyristors connected with the right battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom r0 、S r1 、S r2 . During charging, if battery B r0 The highest terminal voltage, in order to avoid the difference to B r0 Overcharging, in a PWM cycle, the triac r0 And S is r1 On, the current passes through S r1 Energy storage inductance L 0 、S r0 B, B r0 Discharge, is inductance L 0 Store energy.
FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram showing an example of 5 cells when the number of cells is 2n+1Battery B r0 An operation schematic diagram of inductance discharging in the charging process. The total number of the battery cells is 5, the number of the left part of the battery cells is 2, and the number of the right part of the battery cells is 3. The left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 The right battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r0 、B r1 、B r2 The inductances are respectively named as L from top to bottom 0 、L 1 、L 2 The number of the TRIACs is 11, and the two-way thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are respectively named S from top to bottom 0 、S 1 、S 2 The bidirectional thyristors connected with the left battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom l0 、S l1 、S l2 The bidirectional thyristors connected with the right battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom r0 、S r1 、S r2 . In one PWM period with FIG. 5 (a), S r0 And S is r1 Turn on for a period of time and turn off at the same time turn on S l0 And S is l2 At this time, the current passes through the inductor L 0 、S l0 Battery B l1 、S l2 Inductance L 1 Inductance L 0 Releasing energy to B l1 Realizing energy from B r0 To B l1 Is transferred from the first to the second transfer station.
FIG. 6 (a) shows a battery B of 5 batteries when the number of batteries is 2n+1 r0 And an operating principle diagram of inductive charging in the discharging process. The total number of the battery cells is 5, the number of the left part of the battery cells is 2, and the number of the right part of the battery cells is 3. The left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 The right battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r0 、B r1 、B r2 The inductances are respectively named as L from top to bottom 0 、L 1 、L 2 The number of the TRIACs is 11, and the two-way thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are respectively named S from top to bottom 0 、S 1 、S 2 The bidirectional thyristors connected with the left battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom l0 、S l1 、S l2 The bidirectional thyristors connected with the right battery pack are named from top to bottom respectivelyIs S r0 、S r1 、S r2 . During discharging, if cell B r0 The terminal voltage is the lowest, in order to avoid the difference to B r0 Overdischarge, in a PWM period, the triac l0 And S is l3 Conducting and simultaneously turning on S 1 And S is 2 Then the current passes through S l0 Inductance L 0 、S 1 、S 2 、S l3 Battery B l2 And B l1 Is the inductance L 0 Store energy.
FIG. 6 (B) shows a battery B of 5 batteries when the number of batteries is 2n+1 r0 An operation principle diagram of the inductance discharge in the discharge process. The total number of the battery cells is 5, the number of the left part of the battery cells is 2, and the number of the right part of the battery cells is 3. The left battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 The right battery cell is respectively named as B from top to bottom r0 、B r1 、B r2 The inductances are respectively named as L from top to bottom 0 、L 1 、L 2 The number of the TRIACs is 11, and the two-way thyristors connected in parallel with the inductor are respectively named S from top to bottom 0 、S 1 、S 2 The bidirectional thyristors connected with the left battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom l0 、S l1 、S l2 The bidirectional thyristors connected with the right battery pack are respectively named as S from top to bottom r0 、S r1 、S r2 . In one PWM period with FIG. 6 (a), S l0 、S l3 、S 1 And S is 2 Turn on for a period of time and turn off at the same time turn on S r0 And S is r1 At this time, the current passes through the energy storage inductance L 0 、S r1 Battery B r0 S and S r0 Discharge, inductance L 0 Releasing energy to B r0 Realizing energy from B l1 And B l2 To B r0 Is transferred from the first to the second transfer station.
Fig. 7 is a voltage waveform diagram of each battery cell in an equalizing circuit charge simulation experiment using 4 batteries as an example. Under the condition of setting certain control precision, each battery cell realizes voltage balance through an equalizing circuit.
Fig. 8 is a voltage waveform diagram of each battery cell in an equalization circuit discharge simulation experiment using 4 batteries as an example. Under the condition of setting certain control precision, each battery cell realizes voltage balance through an equalizing circuit.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series battery packs based on inductive energy storage, the improved circuit comprising: the device comprises a serial battery pack, an equalizing circuit and a control circuit, wherein the serial battery pack comprises a left part and a right part, the left part of battery cells are the left battery pack, the right part of battery cells are the right battery pack, the left battery pack and the right battery pack are connected in series, the left battery pack and the right battery pack are connected through the equalizing circuit in the middle, the equalizing circuit is connected with the control circuit, and the control circuit realizes dynamic equalization in the charging and discharging processes of the serial battery packs by controlling the on-off of a bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier TRIAC and the energy storage function of an energy storage inductor in the equalizing circuit;
when the total number of the battery monomers in the series battery pack is 2n, n is a positive integer, the numbers of the battery monomers in the left battery pack and the right battery pack are both n, when the total number of the battery monomers in the series battery pack is 2n+1, if the number of the battery monomers in the left battery pack is n, the number of the battery monomers in the right battery pack is n+1, and if the number of the battery monomers in the left battery pack is n+1, the number of the battery monomers in the right battery pack is n;
when the total number of the battery cells in the series battery pack is 2n, the battery cells in the left battery pack are respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln And B is l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln Sequentially connected in series; the battery cells in the right battery pack are respectively named as B from top to bottom r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn And B is r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn Sequentially connected in series; wherein B is l1 Positive electrode of V CC ，B r1 The negative electrode of (1) is connected with GND;
the number of the energy storage inductors L in the balanced improved circuit is n, and the energy storage inductors are respectively named as L from top to bottom 1 、L 2 ……L n And L is 1 、L 2 ……L n Sequentially connected in series; the number of the TRIACs in the equalizing circuit is 3n+2, wherein n TRIACs are respectively named as S from top to bottom 1 、S 2 ……S n ，S 1 、S 2 ……S n In series in turn, and S 1 、S 2 ……S n Respectively connected in parallel with the energy storage inductance L 1 、L 2 ……L n Both ends; wherein n+1 bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are respectively named S from top to bottom l1 、S l2 ……S l(n+1) ，S l1 、S l2 ……S ln T of (2) 1 End respectively and energy storage inductance L 1 、L 2 ……L n Is connected with the upper end of S l(n+1) T of (2) 1 End and energy storage inductance L n Is connected with the lower end of S l1 、S l2 ……S ln T of (2) 2 Terminal and cell B l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln Is connected with the positive terminal of S l(n+1) T of (2) 2 Terminal and cell B ln Is connected with the negative end of the battery; wherein the remaining n+1 bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are respectively named as S from top to bottom r1 、S r2 ……S r(n+1) ，S r1 、S r2 ……S rn T of (2) 1 End respectively and energy storage inductance L 1 、L 2 ……L n Is connected with the upper end of S r(n+1) T of (2) 1 End and energy storage inductance L n Is connected with the lower end of S r1 、S r2 ……S rn T of (2) 2 Terminal and cell B r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn Is connected with the negative terminal of S r(n+1) T of (2) 2 Terminal and cell B rn Is connected with the positive end of the connecting rod;
the gates of all the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are connected with the control circuit, so that the on and off of all the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are controlled by the control circuit;
when the total number of the battery cells in the series battery pack is 2n+1, the number of the battery cells in the left battery pack is n, and the number of the battery cells is respectively named as B from top to bottom l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln And B is l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln Sequentially connected in series; the number of the battery monomers in the right battery pack is n+1, and the number of the battery monomers is respectively named as B from top to bottom r0 、B r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn And B is r0 、B r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn Sequentially connected in series; wherein B is l1 Positive electrode of V CC ，B r0 The negative electrode of (1) is connected with GND;
the number of the energy storage inductors L in the balanced improved circuit is n+1, and the energy storage inductors are respectively named as L from top to bottom 0 、L 1 ……L n ，L 0 、L 1 、L 2 ……L n Sequentially connected in series; the number of the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs in the equalizing circuit is 3n+5, wherein n+1 bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are respectively named as S from top to bottom 0 、S 1 、S 2 ……S n ，S 0 、S 1 、S 2 ……S n In series in turn, and S 0 、S 1 、S 2 ……S n Respectively connected in parallel to the inductor L 0 、L 1 、L 2 ……L n Both ends; wherein n+2 bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are respectively named S from top to bottom l0 、S l1 、S l2 ……S l(n+1) ，S l0 、S l1 、S l2 ……S ln T of (2) 1 End respectively and energy storage inductance L 0 、L 1 、L 2 ……L n Is connected with the upper end of S l(n+1) T of (2) 1 End and energy storage inductance L n Is connected with the lower end of S l1 、S l2 ……S ln T of (2) 2 Terminal and battery B l1 、B l2 、B l3 、……B ln Is connected with the positive terminal of S l0 T of (2) 2 Terminal and battery B l1 Is connected with the positive terminal of S l(n+1) T of (2) 2 Terminal and battery B ln Is connected with the negative end of the battery; wherein the remaining n+2 TRIACs are respectively named as S from top to bottom r0 、S r1 、S r2 ……S r(n+1) ，S r0 、S r1 、S r2 ……S rn T of (2) 1 End respectively and energy storage inductance L 0 、L 1 、L 2 ……L n Is connected with the upper end of S r(n+1) T of (2) 1 End and energy storage inductance L n Is connected with the lower end of S r1 、S r2 ……S rn T of (2) 2 Terminal and battery B r1 、B r2 、B r3 、……B rn Is connected with the negative terminal of S r0 T of (2) 2 Terminal and battery B r1 Is connected with the negative terminal of S r(n+1) T of (2) 2 Terminal and battery B rn Is connected with the positive end of the connecting rod;
the gates of all the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are connected to the control circuit, so that the turning on and off of all the bidirectional thyristors TRIACs are controlled by the control circuit.
2. The improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series connected battery packs based on inductive energy storage as recited in claim 1, wherein,
the control circuit comprises a microcontroller and a driving circuit of all bidirectional Thyristors (TRIACs), and the electric quantity of each battery cell in the series battery pack is analyzed and a control strategy of the equalization circuit is determined by programming the microcontroller; the driving circuit provides proper driving voltage or turn-off voltage for the gate electrode of the TRIAC, so that the TRIAC is turned on or turned off according to actual requirements.
3. The improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series connected battery packs based on inductive energy storage as recited in claim 1, wherein,
the frequency of the control signal in the control circuit is determined according to the inductance value of the controlled circuit energy storage inductance L, the switching loss of the bidirectional thyristor TRIAC, the voltage of the battery cell and the capacity of the battery cell.
4. The improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series connected battery packs based on inductive energy storage as recited in claim 1, wherein,
the batteries in the series battery pack are lead-acid batteries, lithium ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and/or super capacitor secondary batteries.
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| CN201611154168.3A CN106602648B (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2016-12-14 | Improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equalization of series battery pack based on inductive energy storage |
| JP2019553612A JP7015569B2 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-11-28 | Improved circuit for bidirectional lossless equilibrium of series battery pack based on inductive energy storage |
| PCT/CN2017/113370 WO2018107963A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-11-28 | Inductive energy storage-based improved circuit for series-connected battery-pack bidirectional lossless equalization |
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| CN108183519A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-19 | 东莞市德尔能新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of energy-storage battery pack non-dissipative equalizing circuit and its equalization methods based on inductance |
| CN108306352A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-07-20 | 东莞市德尔能新能源股份有限公司 | Energy-storage battery pack non-dissipative equalizing improved circuit based on inductance and its equalization methods |
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