CN211731117U - Balanced circuit for layered equalization of basic chopper circuit - Google Patents

Balanced circuit for layered equalization of basic chopper circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN211731117U
CN211731117U CN201922140823.5U CN201922140823U CN211731117U CN 211731117 U CN211731117 U CN 211731117U CN 201922140823 U CN201922140823 U CN 201922140823U CN 211731117 U CN211731117 U CN 211731117U
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China
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mosfet switch
energy storage
circuit
layer
storage inductor
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刘红锐
张开翔
郭奕旋
尹荣
李博
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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Abstract

The utility model relates to a balanced equalizer circuit of basic chopper circuit's layering, every 2 on equalizer circuit ith layeriA single battery, two Mosfet switches with anti-parallel diodes and an energy storage inductor form an equalizing unit of the ith equalizing circuit, one end of the energy storage inductor and the 2 nd equalizing circuiti‑1Negative electrode of single battery, No. 2i‑1The positive electrodes of +1 single batteries are connected, the source electrode of the first Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode and the drain electrode of the other Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode at the other end of the energy storage inductor are connected, and the drain electrode of the first Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode and the drain electrode of the other Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode are connectedThe pole of the Mosfet switch is connected with the positive pole of the first single battery, and the source of the Mosfet switch with the antiparallel diode is connected with the No. 2iThe negative electrodes of the single batteries are connected; i1, 2,. m. The utility model discloses can realize quick equilibrium.

Description

Balanced circuit for layered equalization of basic chopper circuit
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a balanced equalizer circuit of basic chopper circuit's layering belongs to power electronic technology and the balanced management technical field of storage battery energy.
Background
With the continuous development of society, various heavy industries are continuously raised, so that the environmental problem is more and more serious. In particular, the continuous exploitation and use of natural resources such as petroleum and coal, etc. cause the greenhouse effect to be intensified. And the resources are all non-renewable energy sources and face the danger of exhaustion. In order to alleviate the problems of energy exhaustion and environmental pollution, countries seek clean energy and renewable energy. The advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, low carbon and environmental protection of the electric automobile are suitable for the concept of saving and protecting the environment of various countries. In the production and manufacturing process of electric vehicles, various vehicle companies, such as tesla, bmi, audi, BYD, and the like, have been actively developing electric vehicles. In the development process of electric vehicles, battery energy storage technology is undoubtedly one of the cores of the whole development of electric vehicles. With the rapid development of batteries and battery management technologies, lithium ion batteries have attracted much attention and favor of the society because of their advantages of high energy density, no pollution, relatively high nominal voltage, and the like.
Due to current technical limitations, the energy of a single lithium ion battery is not sufficient to drive the entire automobile. Therefore, in order to make the electric vehicle possess sufficient power, manufacturers of electric vehicles use a large number of single batteries in series to meet the voltage and current requirements of the electric vehicle. However, due to the production process of lithium ion batteries, different lithium ion batteries have differences in capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, and the like. The influence of certain small-capacity batteries on the series lithium ion batteries in the charging and discharging processes is caused, so that other batteries cannot be deeply utilized, and the service life of the batteries is further shortened. Therefore, it is very important to perform energy balance on the single batteries inside the series battery pack.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a balanced equalizer circuit of basic chopper circuit's layering to a circuit structure that the inside battery cell of the group battery that realizes establishing ties carries out energy balance is provided for.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: a balanced circuit of the hierarchical equilibrium of the basic chopper circuit, form m layers of balanced circuits by the battery, energy storage inductance, Mosfet switch with anti-parallel diode;
the battery pack is composed of 2mSingle battery BTi1Composed of a first layer 2 of a Mosfet switch with antiparallel diodesmMosfet switch Q1 with anti-parallel diodei1A second layer 2m-1Mosfet switch Q2 with anti-parallel diodei2… and mth layer 2 Mosfet switch Qm with antiparallel diodesimThe energy storage inductor is composed of a first layer 2m-1Energy storage inductor L1j1A second layer 2m-2Energy storage inductor L2j2… and m-th layer 20Energy storage inductor LmjmComposition is carried out; wherein i1 is 1,2,3m -0;i2=1,2,3,...,2m-1;im=1,2m-(m-1);j1=1,2,3...,2m-1;j2=1,2,3...,2m-2;jm=2m-m
The ith layer of the equalization circuit is 2iA single battery, two Mosfet switches with anti-parallel diodes and an energy storage inductor form an equalizing unit of the ith equalizing circuit, one end of the energy storage inductor and the 2 nd equalizing circuiti-1Negative electrode of single battery, No. 2i-1The positive electrodes of +1 single batteries are connected, the source electrode of a first Mosfet switch with an anti-parallel diode and the drain electrode of the other Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode at the other end of the energy storage inductor are connected, the drain electrode of the first Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode is connected with the positive electrode of the first single battery, and the source electrode of the other Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode is connected with the 2 nd single batteryiThe negative electrodes of the single batteries are connected; i1, 2,. m.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses can realize quick equilibrium, when being used for the equilibrium process that stews, once complete equilibrium just can make all battery cell's SOC (state of charge also is called the residual capacity, it is the ratio of the residual capacity after the battery used a period of time or shelved for a long time and its complete charge state's capacity, common percentage shows) value unanimous; when the battery pack is used in a charge-discharge balancing process, when the number of the single batteries deviating from the average SOC value exceeds a threshold value, the battery pack performs one-time complete balancing, so that the number of the single batteries deviating from the average SOC value is greatly reduced; when the number of the single batteries deviating from the average SOC value does not exceed the threshold value, the battery units where the single batteries are located are balanced layer by layer, and the single batteries can independently run in the respective battery units, so that the balancing speed is accelerated. The inconsistency among the single batteries can be effectively reduced during charging and discharging. The equalizing circuit can obviously improve the equalizing speed of charging and discharging, and make the SOC values of all the single batteries in the battery pack consistent. The equalizing circuit adopts modular equalization, all the modular equalization modes are the same, the principle is simple, the control is easy, the circuit structure is easy to expand, and the equalizing efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an equalizer circuit for hierarchical equalization of a basic chopper circuit in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a layer 1 static equilibrium circuit of n single batteries (the principle of other layers is the same);
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a charge-discharge balancing circuit when the SOC value of the unit in which the unit cell BTi is located is high among the n unit cells;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first layer equalization of a standing equalization circuit for 8 single batteries;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second layer equalization of the static equalization circuit for 8 single batteries;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the third layer of equalization of the static equalization circuit for 8 single batteries;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the first layer of equalization of the charge-discharge equalization circuit for 8 single cells (x < γ);
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the second layer equalization of the charge-discharge equalization circuit for 8 cells (x < γ);
in fig. 2-8, the gray portion is off, the black portion is on or active, the dashed line is discharging the high SOC cell and the solid line is charging the low SOC cell.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-8, a hierarchical balanced equalizing circuit of a basic chopper circuit is an m-layer equalizing circuit composed of a battery pack, an energy storage inductor, and a Mosfet switch with anti-parallel diodes;
the battery pack is composed of 2mSingle battery BTi1Composed of a first layer 2 of a Mosfet switch with antiparallel diodesmMosfet switch Q1 with anti-parallel diodei1A second layer 2m-1Mosfet switch Q2 with anti-parallel diodei2… and mth layer 2 Mosfet switch Qm with antiparallel diodesimThe energy storage inductor is composed of
First layer 2m-1Energy storage inductor L1j1A second layer 2m-2Energy storage inductor L2j2… and m-th layer 20Energy storage inductor LmjmComposition is carried out; wherein i1 is 1,2,3m-0;i2=1,2,3,...,2m-1;im=1,2m-(m-1);j1=1,2,3...,2m -1;j2=1,2,3...,2m-2;jm=2m-m(ii) a As shown in the figure, n is 2m
The ith layer of the equalization circuit is 2iA single battery, two Mosfet switches with anti-parallel diodes and an energy storage inductor form an equalizing unit of the ith equalizing circuit, one end of the energy storage inductor and the 2 nd equalizing circuiti-1Negative electrode of single battery, No. 2i-1The positive electrodes of +1 single batteries are connected, the source electrode of a first Mosfet switch with an anti-parallel diode and the drain electrode of the other Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode at the other end of the energy storage inductor are connected, the drain electrode of the first Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode is connected with the positive electrode of the first single battery, and the source electrode of the other Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode is connected with the 2 nd single batteryiThe negative electrodes of the single batteries are connected; i1, 2,. m.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: every 2 single batteries BT on the first layer of the equalizing circuiti1、BTi1+1With two Mosfet switches Q1 with anti-parallel diodesi1、Q1i1+1And an energy storage inductor L1(i1+1)/2An equalizing unit forming the first equalizing circuit, energy storage inductor L1(i1+1)/2One end of each of which is connected with the single battery BTi1Is negativePole and battery cell BTi1+1Is connected with the positive pole of the energy storage inductor L1(i1+1)/2And the other end of the same is respectively connected with a Mosfet switch Q1 with an anti-parallel diodei1And Mosfet switch Q1 with anti-parallel diodei1+1Is connected to the drain of the Mosfet switch Q1 with an anti-parallel diodei1Drain electrode of and single battery BTi1With antiparallel diode, Mosfet switch Q1i1+1Source electrode and single battery BTi1+1The negative electrodes are connected;
second layer 2 each2Single battery BTi1、BTi1+1、BTi1+2、BTi1+3Mosfet switch Q2 with two parallel diodes(i1+1)/2、Q2(i1+1)/2+1And an energy storage inductor L2(i1+3)/4An equalizing unit forming the second equalizing circuit, energy storage inductor L2(i1+3)/4One end of each of which is connected with the single battery BTi1+1Negative electrode of (1), and single cell BTi1+2The positive pole of (2), energy storage inductor L2(i1+3)/4And the other end of the switch is respectively connected with a Mosfet switch Q2 with an anti-parallel diode(i1+1)/2And another Mosfet switch Q2 with an anti-parallel diode(i1+1)/2+1Is connected to the drain of the Mosfet switch Q2 with an anti-parallel diode(i1+1)/2Drain electrode of and single battery BTi1Another Mosfet switch Q2 with an antiparallel diode(i1+1)/2+1Source electrode and single battery BTi1+3Is connected to the negative electrode of (1).
For the same reason, the m-th layer 2mAnd the single battery, two Mosfet switches with anti-parallel diodes and an energy storage inductor form an equalizing unit of the mth layer of equalizing circuit.
For a battery comprising n cells (fig. 1), the battery starts from layer 1 during the rest phase (fig. 2), if the cells BTuOr BTvWhen the SOC value (u is odd number and v is even number) is high, the Mosfet switch Q1 is turned onuOr Q1vEnergy storage inductor L1(u+1)/2Or L1v/2Energy increase, cell BTuOr BTvThe SOC value of (3) decreases. Reopening Mosfet switch Q1uOr Q1vEnergy storage inductor L1(u+1)/2Or L1v/2Energy transfer to the cell BTu+1Or BTv-1Energy storage inductor L1(u+1)/2Or L1v/2Energy reduction, cell BTu+1Or BTv-1Increases the SOC value (see fig. 2). Similarly, the balance is outward from the innermost layer in sequence, so that the left and the right are 20、21、…、2m-1The SOC values of the single batteries are equal, and the SOC of each single battery is finally consistent (if the second layer is balanced, the balancing unit of the second layer is taken as an execution object, and the left and the right are 21The SOC values of the individual cells as a whole are calculated). In the process, the layers from the inside to the outside each have 2m-1、2m-2、…、20The balancing units can simultaneously and independently operate, and balancing speed is increased.
The battery pack is characterized in that in the charging and discharging process: when the equalizing circuit performs charge-discharge equalization, if a certain single battery BTuSOC value of (SOC)uWhen the difference value delta SOC between the SOC and the average SOCav of the battery pack of the battery unit where the battery unit is located is more than or equal to beta, the SOC value of the single battery is considered to deviate from the average SOC value; wherein Δ SOC is SOCav-SOCuAnd β represents a threshold value (e.g., 5% to 10%), and SOCav ═ SOC1+SOC2+,....+SOCn) And/n. If the SOC values of a plurality of single batteries deviate from the average SOC value (namely x is more than or equal to gamma; x represents the number of the single batteries with the SOC values deviating from the average SOC value, and gamma represents the threshold value of the deviation number), the single batteries are balanced inwards from the mth layer (the principle is the same as that of static balance, as shown in figure 2), and the number of the single batteries deviating from the average SOC value is rapidly reduced. If the SOC values of only a few cells in the battery pack deviate from the average SOC, the cells are equalized within the equalizing unit to which the cells belong (see fig. 3). E.g. of single cells BT in series-connected batteriesuHas a higher SOC value and a single battery BTvIf the SOC value is lower, the single battery BT in the equalizing unit is conducteduThe energy of the energy storage inductor in the equalizing unit is increased by the Mosfet switch of the unit, and the single battery BTuThe mid SOC value decreases. Disconnecting the battery cell BTuThe Mosfet switch of the unit turns on the single battery BTvMosfet switch of the cell, in the equalizing unitEnergy storage inductance energy reduction, single battery BTvThe mid SOC value increases.
Example 2: with 8 (2)3) A single cell is taken as an example.
In the standing equalization process (as shown in fig. 4-6), assuming that the SOC values of the single batteries BT1, BT3, BT5 and BT8 are higher than the SOC value of another single battery in the first-layer equalization circuit, the specific circuit control method is as follows: when Mosfet switches Q11, Q13, Q15 and Q18 are turned on, energy in BT1, BT3, BT5 and BT8 is transferred to energy storage inductors L11, L12, L13 and L14, and SOC values of BT1, BT3, BT5 and BT8 are reduced. Then, Mosfet switches Q11, Q13, Q15 and Q18 are turned off, Mosfet switches Q12, Q14, Q16 and Q17 are turned on, energy in energy storage inductors L11, L12, L13 and L14 is transferred to BT2, BT4, BT6 and BT7, respectively, and the SOC value is increased. And continuously turning on and off the Mosfet switch until the SOC values of the single batteries in the first layer of battery units are the same, so as to realize the first layer of equalization (as shown in FIG. 4). Similarly, the Mosfet switches of the second layer and the third layer are sequentially turned on and off (for example, the SOC of the whole of BT3 and BT4 is higher than that of BT1 and BT2, the SOC of the whole of BT7 and BT8 is higher than that of BT5 and BT6, and Q22 and Q24 are turned on in a pilot mode) to finally make the SOC values of the single batteries in the battery pack consistent (for example, fig. 5 and 6).
In the charge and discharge balancing process, a threshold value gamma is equal to n/2 equal to 4, if x is larger than or equal to gamma, the same balancing principle as that of standing balancing is firstly adopted in 8-cell balancing, and the number of single cells deviating from the average SOC value is greatly reduced through one-time complete balancing. After the equalization process is completed, if the SOC values of the unit batteries BT1 and BT5 are high and the SOC value of the unit battery BT2 is low (at this time, x is 3 and is smaller than 4, as shown in fig. 7), the Mosfet switches Q11 and Q15 are turned on, and the energy in BT1 and BT5 is transferred to the energy storage inductors L11 and L13, respectively. When the Mosfet switches Q11 and Q15 are turned off, the Mosfet switches Q12 and Q16 are turned on, and the energy in the energy storage inductors L11 and L13 is transferred to the single batteries BT2 and BT 6. The process is carried out with two cells simultaneously; if the SOC values of the single batteries BT1 and BT2 approach the average SOC value, the equalization process of the battery unit is finished. If the SOC values of the unit batteries BT5 and BT6 are far from the average SOC value, the next layer of equalization is continued until the SOC values of the unit batteries approach the average SOC value (as shown in fig. 8).
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (1)

1. An equalizer circuit for hierarchical equalization of a basic chopper circuit, characterized by: the m-layer equalizing circuit is formed by a battery pack, an energy storage inductor and a Mosfet switch with an anti-parallel diode;
the battery pack is composed of 2mSingle battery BTi1Composed of a first layer 2 of a Mosfet switch with antiparallel diodesmMosfet switch Q1 with anti-parallel diodei1A second layer 2m-1Mosfet switch Q2 with anti-parallel diodei2… and mth layer 2 Mosfet switch Qm with antiparallel diodesimThe energy storage inductor is composed of a first layer 2m-1Energy storage inductor L1j1A second layer 2m-2Energy storage inductor L2j2… and m-th layer 20Energy storage inductor LmjmComposition is carried out; wherein i1 is 1,2,3m-0;i2=1,2,3,...,2m-1;im=1,2m-(m-1);j1=1,2,3...,2m-1;j2=1,2,3...,2m-2;jm=2m-m
The ith layer of the equalization circuit is 2iA single battery, two Mosfet switches with anti-parallel diodes and an energy storage inductor form an equalizing unit of the ith equalizing circuit, one end of the energy storage inductor and the 2 nd equalizing circuiti-1Negative electrode of single battery, No. 2i-1The positive electrodes of +1 single batteries are connected, the source electrode of a first Mosfet switch with an anti-parallel diode and the drain electrode of the other Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode at the other end of the energy storage inductor are connected, the drain electrode of the first Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode is connected with the positive electrode of the first single battery, and the source electrode of the other Mosfet switch with the anti-parallel diode is connected with the 2 nd single batteryiThe negative electrodes of the single batteries are connected; i1, 2,. m.
CN201922140823.5U 2019-12-03 2019-12-03 Balanced circuit for layered equalization of basic chopper circuit Expired - Fee Related CN211731117U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112531856A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-03-19 河北工业大学 Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on inductor and conductive film

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112531856A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-03-19 河北工业大学 Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on inductor and conductive film
CN112531856B (en) * 2020-12-25 2024-04-12 河北工业大学 Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on inductance and conductive film

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