CN112531856B - Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on inductance and conductive film - Google Patents
Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on inductance and conductive film Download PDFInfo
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- CN112531856B CN112531856B CN202011566933.9A CN202011566933A CN112531856B CN 112531856 B CN112531856 B CN 112531856B CN 202011566933 A CN202011566933 A CN 202011566933A CN 112531856 B CN112531856 B CN 112531856B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 72
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductance and a conductive film, which is characterized by comprising an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalization subcircuit comprises a plurality of equalization units, wherein each equalization unit comprises a battery cell, an energy storage inductor, a switch and a diode; the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of each equalizing unit are connected in series, and the diode is connected in parallel with the switch; the energy storage inductor of the last equalization unit is connected with the battery cell, the energy storage inductor and the switch of the next equalization unit in series; the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units, wherein the number of the heating units is the same as that of the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the switch of the corresponding balancing unit in parallel through the two switches; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery. By using the energy storage inductor and the conductive film for heating the power battery as a part of the circuit, the active-passive equalization and heating composite circuit is innovatively designed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power battery electric quantity equalization, and particularly relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductor and a conductive film.
Background
The equalization circuit has two modes of active equalization and passive equalization, mainly considers the problem of electric quantity equalization among the battery monomers, but ignores the heat generated in the electric quantity equalization process. The current formed by active equalization is larger, and more heat is generated in the battery, but the heat is not reasonably utilized. The passive equalization discharges the high-power battery mainly through the energy dissipation resistor, and heat generated by the energy dissipation resistor is directly emitted into the air, so that energy waste is caused.
In a low-temperature environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte is increased, the ion conduction speed is reduced, and the electron transfer speed of an external circuit is not matched, so that the battery is severely polarized, and the charge and discharge capacity is sharply reduced. Lithium ions in a low-temperature environment easily form lithium dendrites on the surface of a negative electrode, and when the lithium dendrites are serious, positive and negative electrolyte diaphragms can be pierced, so that the battery explodes, and meanwhile, the internal impedance of the lithium battery can be increased in the low-temperature environment, so that the performance of the lithium battery is reduced.
Therefore, the application provides a composite circuit with balanced electric quantity and heating function, and the heat that produces in the balanced in-process of electric quantity make full use of, heat the battery in the low temperature environment when avoiding the energy waste, improve the performance of battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductor and a conductive film.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on the inductance and the conductive film is characterized by comprising an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalization subcircuit comprises a plurality of equalization units, wherein each equalization unit comprises a battery cell, an energy storage inductor, a switch and a diode; the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of each equalizing unit are connected in series, and the diode is connected in parallel with the switch; the energy storage inductor of the last equalization unit is connected with the battery cell, the energy storage inductor and the switch of the next equalization unit in series;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units, wherein the number of the heating units is the same as that of the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the switch of the corresponding balancing unit in parallel through the two switches; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
The conductive film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide-line metal film.
The switch is a MOS tube or an IGBT.
When the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold value at normal temperature, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned is turned on, redundant electric quantity of the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is transferred to an energy storage inductor of the equalization unit, then the switch of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned is turned off, the switch of the equalization unit where the low-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned is turned on, and redundant electric quantity is transferred to the low-electric-quantity battery monomer; repeating the above operation with the active equalization frequency to realize the active equalization function of the circuit;
when the pressure difference between the single batteries is smaller than the active and passive balance pressure difference threshold value at normal temperature, a switch between the high-electric-quantity single battery and the conductive film is opened, and the redundant electric quantity of the high-electric-quantity single battery is transferred to the conductive film; repeating the operation with the passive equalization frequency to realize the passive equalization function of the circuit;
when the ambient temperature is lower than zero ℃ and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to the heating pressure difference threshold value, a switch between the high-electric-quantity battery monomer and the conductive film is opened, pulse discharge is carried out on the high-electric-quantity battery monomer, and redundant electric quantity is transferred to the conductive film; repeating the above operation at heating frequency, and heating the power battery by heat generated by the conductive film to realize balance and heating functions of the circuit;
when the ambient temperature is lower than zero ℃ and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than the heating pressure difference threshold value, the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit are turned on, all the battery monomers are connected with the conductive film in series as a whole, and pulse discharge is carried out on all the battery monomers; the operation is repeated at the heating frequency, and the conductive film generates heat to heat the power battery, so that the heating function of the circuit is realized.
The active-passive equilibrium pressure difference threshold is 0.03V.
The heating pressure difference threshold is 0.01V.
The active equalization frequency is greater than or equal to 1000Hz.
The passive equalization frequency and the heating frequency are both greater than or equal to 200Hz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the energy storage inductor and the conductive film for heating the power battery as a part of the circuit, innovatively designs the active-passive equalization and heating composite circuit, solves the problems existing in the prior art under the condition of not adding external equipment, fuses the equalization circuit and the heating circuit, can equalize electric quantity and heat the power battery in a low-temperature environment by utilizing heat generated in the equalization process, improves the performance of the power battery, and ensures the normal operation of the power battery.
The control system only needs to acquire the voltage of the battery monomer and the temperature information of the power battery, reasonably selects the functions of the circuit, realizes coordination between the equalization and heating functions, improves the equalization and heating efficiency, and has low cost and simple and reliable realization mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
The invention relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit (circuit for short) based on an inductance and a conductive film, which comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalization sub-circuit is used for equalizing electric quantity, the heating sub-circuit is used for heating the power battery and raising the temperature of the power battery;
the power battery comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in series; the equalization sub-circuit comprises a plurality of equalization units, wherein each equalization unit comprises a battery cell BT, an energy storage inductor L, a switch and a diode D; the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of each equalizing unit are connected in series, and the diode is connected in parallel with the switch; the energy storage inductor of the last equalization unit is connected with the battery cell, the energy storage inductor and the switch of the next equalization unit in series, so that a plurality of equalization units of the equalization sub-circuit are connected in series in sequence, and the expansion of the equalization sub-circuit is realized;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units, wherein the number of the heating units is the same as that of the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the switch of the corresponding balancing unit in parallel through the two switches of the heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
The energy storage inductor is used as an energy transfer component; the conductive film is used for carrying out external low-temperature heating on the power battery and passive equalization when the battery cell is subjected to low-voltage difference.
The switch is a MOS tube, an IGBT and the like.
The MOS tube can be of N type or P type; when the MOS tube of each equalizing unit is of an N type, the drain electrode of the N type MOS tube of each equalizing unit is connected with the anode of the battery cell and the cathode of the diode, the source electrode of the N type MOS tube is connected with the energy storage inductor and the anode of the diode, and the grid electrode of the N type MOS tube is connected with the external control module. When the MOS tubes of the equalization units are of P type, the source electrode of the P type MOS tube of each equalization unit is connected with the anode of the battery cell and the cathode of the diode, the drain electrode of the P type MOS tube is connected with the energy storage inductor and the anode of the diode, and the grid electrode of the P type MOS tube is connected with the external control module.
When the MOS tube of the heating unit is of an N type, the heating unit comprises two N type MOS tubes, wherein the drain electrode of one N type MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the N type MOS tube corresponding to the equalizing unit, the source electrode of one N type MOS tube is connected with one end of the conducting film, the drain electrode of the other N type MOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the N type MOS tube corresponding to the equalizing unit, and the source electrode of the other N type MOS tube is connected with the other end of the conducting film. When the heating unit comprises two P-type MOS tubes, the source electrode of one P-type MOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the P-type MOS tube corresponding to the equalizing unit, the drain electrode of one P-type MOS tube is connected with one end of the conducting film, the source electrode of the other P-type MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the P-type MOS tube corresponding to the equalizing unit, and the drain electrode of the other P-type MOS tube is connected with the other end of the conducting film.
The conductive film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide-line metal film and the like.
The working principle and working process of the invention are as follows:
a. electric quantity equalization at normal temperature
Active equalization of normal temperature and high pressure difference: when the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger (larger than or equal to 0.03V), active equalization is adopted, and the electric quantity of the battery monomers is transferred through corresponding energy storage inductors, so that the electric quantity of each battery monomer is equal finally; namely: switching on a switch of an equalization unit where a high-electric-quantity battery monomer is located, transferring the electric quantity of the high-electric-quantity battery monomer to an energy storage inductor of the equalization unit, switching off the switch of the equalization unit where a high-electric-quantity battery monomer is located, switching on the switch of the equalization unit where a low-electric-quantity battery monomer is located, connecting the energy storage inductor of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is located, the battery monomer, the switch and the energy storage inductor of the equalization unit where the low-electric-quantity battery monomer is located in series, further transferring the redundant electric quantity on the high-electric-quantity battery monomer to the low-electric-quantity battery monomer, and switching off the switch of the equalization unit where the low-electric-quantity battery monomer is located when the inductance current is zero; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (more than or equal to 1000 Hz) to make the electric quantity of the two battery monomers equal, so as to complete the rapid equalization of the electric quantity and realize the high-voltage difference active equalization function of the circuit.
Passive equalization of normal temperature low pressure difference: when the pressure difference between the battery cells is smaller (more than 0.01V and less than 0.03V, and the pressure difference is ignored when the pressure difference is less than 0.01V at normal temperature), a switch between the high-electric-quantity battery cell and the conductive film is opened, the high-electric-quantity battery cell and the conductive film are connected in series, and after a period of time, the switch between the high-electric-quantity battery cell and the conductive film is closed; in the time period from the opening to the closing of the switch, the battery cell transfers the redundant electric quantity on the high-electric-quantity battery cell to the conductive film through pulse discharge; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (more than or equal to 200 Hz), so that the low-voltage difference passive equalization function of the circuit is realized, the consumed electric quantity of the conductive film is small, the temperature of the power battery is not obviously increased, and the temperature of the power battery is basically kept unchanged.
b. Low-temperature heating and electric quantity balancing
Heating and balancing composite action under high temperature and high pressure difference: in a low-temperature environment, the temperature of the power battery needs to be increased, when the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to 0.01V, the switch of the corresponding heating unit is opened at a certain frequency, the high-electric-quantity battery monomers are communicated with the conductive film, pulse discharge is carried out on the high-electric-quantity battery monomers (the pulse discharge does not damage the battery), and the electric quantity is transferred to the conductive film; the conductive film generates heat to heat the power battery, and the power battery is heated while the electric quantity is balanced; the above operation is repeated with a certain frequency (more than or equal to 200 Hz) to realize the equalization and heating functions of the circuit.
Heating at low temperature without pressure difference: in a low-temperature environment, the temperature of the power battery needs to be increased, when the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than 0.01V, the pressure difference can be ignored, the electric quantity of each battery monomer is basically balanced, and the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit are opened to perform integral pulse discharge on all the battery monomers; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (more than or equal to 200 Hz), the internal resistance discharge of the conductive film and the power battery is utilized to generate heat, and then the power battery is heated from the inside and the outside at the same time, so that the heating function without pressure difference at low temperature is realized.
Example 1
The embodiment is a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit (circuit for short) based on an inductance and a conductive film, as shown in fig. 1, the circuit comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit, the equalization sub-circuit comprises 6 equalization units, and the heating sub-circuit comprises a graphene electrothermal film and 6 heating units;
wherein the equalization unit I comprises a battery cell BT 1 Energy storage inductance L 1 Diode D 1 And N-type MOS transistor Q 1 The equalization unit II comprises a battery cell BT 2 Energy storage inductance L 2 N-type MOS tube Q 2 And diode D 2 The equalization unit III comprises a battery cell BT 3 Energy storage inductance L 3 N-type MOS tube Q 3 And diode D 3 The equalization unit IV comprises a battery cell BT 4 Energy storage inductance L 4 N-type MOS tube Q 4 And diode D 4 The equalization unit five comprises a battery cell BT 5 Energy storage inductance L 5 N-type MOS tube Q 5 And diode D 5 The equalization unit six comprises a battery cell BT 6 Energy storage inductance L 6 N-type MOS tube Q 6 And diode D 6 ；
The first heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 7 And N-type MOS transistor Q 8 The second heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 9 And N-type MOS transistor Q 10 The heating unit III comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 11 And N-type MOS transistor Q 12 The heating unit IV comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 13 And N-type MOS transistor Q 14 The heating unit five comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 15 And N-type MOS transistor Q 16 The heating unit six comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 17 And N-type MOS transistor Q 18 ；
Battery cell BT 1 ～BT 6 Sequentially connected in series; battery cell BT 1 Energy storage inductance L 1 And N-type MOS transistor Q 1 Series connection of diodes D 1 And N-type MOS transistor Q 1 Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q 1 Drain electrode of (1) and battery cell BT 1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 1 Source electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 1 Is connected with one end of the energy storage inductance L 1 And the other end of the battery cell BT 1 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; diode D 1 Negative electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 1 Drain electrode connection of diode D 1 Positive electrode of (a) and N type MOS tube Q 1 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor;
energy storage inductance L 1 With battery cell BT 2 Energy storage inductance L 2 N-type MOS tube Q 2 Series connection of diodes D 2 And N-type MOS transistor Q 2 Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q 2 Drain electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 1 And N-type MOS transistor Q 1 One end connected with the source electrode is connected with the N-type MOS tube Q 2 Source electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 2 Is connected with one end of the energy storage inductance L 2 And the other end of the battery cell BT 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; diode D 2 Cathode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 2 Drain electrode connection of diode D 2 Positive electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 2 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor;
energy storage inductance L 2 With battery cell BT 3 Energy storage inductance L 3 And diode D 3 Series connection of diodes D 3 And N-type MOS transistor Q 3 Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q 3 Drain electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 2 And N-type MOS transistor Q 2 One end connected with the source electrode is connected with the N-type MOS tube Q 3 Source electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 3 Is connected with one end of the energy storage inductance L 3 And the other end of the battery cell BT 3 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; diode D 3 Negative electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 3 Drain electrode connection of diode D 3 Positive electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 3 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor;
energy storage inductance L 3 With battery cell BT 4 Energy storage inductance L 4 Diode D 4 Series connection of diodes D 4 And N-type MOS transistor Q 4 Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q 4 Drain electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 3 And N-type MOS transistor Q 3 One end connected with the source electrode is connected with the N-type MOS tube Q 4 Source electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 4 Is connected with one end of the energy storage inductance L 4 And the other end of the battery cell BT 4 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; diode D 4 Negative electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 4 Drain electrode connection of diode D 4 Positive electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 4 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor;
energy storage inductance L 4 With battery cell BT 5 Energy storage inductance L 5 Diode D 5 Series connection of diodes D 5 And N-type MOS transistor Q 5 Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q 5 Drain electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 4 And N-type MOS transistor Q 4 One end connected with the source electrode is connected with the N-type MOS tube Q 5 Source electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 5 Is connected with one end of the energy storage inductance L 5 And the other end of the battery cell BT 5 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; diode D 5 Negative electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 5 Drain electrode connection of diode D 5 Positive electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 5 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor;
energy storage inductance L 5 With battery cell BT 6 Energy storage inductance L 6 Diode D 6 Series connection of diodes D 6 And N-type MOS transistor Q 6 Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q 6 Drain electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 5 And N-type MOS transistor Q 5 One end connected with the source electrode is connected with the N-type MOS tube Q 6 Source electrode of (d) and energy storage inductance L 6 Is connected with one end of the energy storage inductance L 6 And the other end of the battery cell BT 6 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; diode D 6 Negative electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 6 Drain electrode connection of diode D 6 Positive electrode of (2) and N-type MOS tube Q 6 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor;
n-type MOS tube Q 7 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 1 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 8 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 1 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor; n-type MOS tube Q 9 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 2 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 10 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 2 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor; n-type MOS tube Q 11 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 3 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 12 The drain electrode of the transistor is respectively connected with the N-type MOS transistor Q 3 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor; n-type MOS tube Q 13 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 4 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 14 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 4 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor; n-type MOS tube Q 15 Drain N-type MOS transistor Q 5 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 16 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 5 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor; n-type MOS tube Q 17 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 6 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 18 Drain electrode of (C) and N type MOS tube Q 6 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor; n-type MOS tube Q 7 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 9 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 11 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 13 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 15 Source electrode and N-type MOS tube Q 17 The sources of the graphene electrothermal film are connected with one end of the graphene electrothermal film; n-type MOS tube Q 8 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 10 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 12 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 14 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 16 Source electrode and N-type MOS tube Q 18 The sources of the graphene electrothermal film are connected with the other end of the graphene electrothermal film;
the grid electrodes of all the N-type MOS tubes are connected with an external control module.
N-type MOS tube Q 1 、Q 2 …Q 6 As the switch of each equalizing unit, the energy of the battery cells is transferred through the energy storage inductor, so that the energy transfer among the battery cells is realized; n-type MOS tube Q 7 …Q 18 And as a switch of the heating unit, the graphene electrothermal film is connected with the corresponding battery cell, so that energy transfer between the battery cell and the graphene electrothermal film is realized.
The power battery is not required to be heated at normal temperature, if the battery monomer BT 1 With battery cell BT 2 The pressure difference between the two is greater than or equal to 0.03V, and the battery cell BT 2 Is lower than the voltage of the battery cell BT 3 ～BT 6 (Battery cell BT) 3 ～BT 6 No pressure difference or negligible) then the N-type MOS transistor Q is opened 1 The rest N-type MOS tubes are closed, and the battery cell BT is closed 1 Is transferred to the energy storage inductance L 1 Applying; then turn off the N-type MOS transistor Q 1 Opening the N-type MOS tube Q 2 Make battery cell BT 2 Energy storage inductance L 1 N-type MOS tube Q 2 And energy storage inductance L 2 Form a closed loop to store energy into the inductance L 1 Through the energy storage inductance L 2 Transfer to cell BT 2 Realizing the BT of the battery cell 1 With battery cell BT 2 The electric quantity between the two electrodes is balanced; repeating the operation at the frequency of 1000Hz to equalize the electric quantity of each battery cell, so as to realize the high-voltage difference active equalization function of the circuit; if battery cell BT 1 With battery cell BT 2 The pressure difference between the two is greater than or equal to 0.03V, and the battery cell BT 2 ～BT 6 No pressure difference or negligible difference exists between the battery cells BT 1 The electric quantity is transferred to the battery cell BT through the equalization unit II to the equalization unit III in sequence 2 ～BT 6 And (3) upper part.
Because the dead time exists in the circuit, namely, the N-type MOS transistor Q is closed 1 And open N type MOS tube Q 2 There is a time difference between them, in which time difference diode D 2 Acting to prevent energy storage inductance L 1 Current return of (1) to make the energy storage inductance L 1 Transfer of the electric quantity to the battery cell BT 2 And (3) upper part.
The power battery is not required to be heated at normal temperature, if the battery monomer BT 1 The pressure difference between the remaining battery cells is small (less than 0.03V and greater than 0.01V), and the battery cell BT 1 Is higher than the voltage of the battery cell BT 2 ～BT 6 Battery cell BT 2 ～BT 6 When the electric quantity of the MOS transistor is not required to be balanced, the N-type MOS transistor Q is opened 7 And N-type MOS transistor Q 8 The rest N-type MOS tubes are closed, so that the battery cell BT is realized 1 Energy storage inductance L 1 Forms a closed loop with the graphene electrothermal film, and the battery cell BT 1 The redundant electric quantity is transferred to the graphene electrothermal film, so that the electric quantity of each battery monomer is equal, and then the N-type MOS tube Q is closed 7 And N-type MOS transistor Q 8 Battery cell BT 1 In MOS tube Q 7 And Q 8 Pulse discharging the graphene electrothermal film in a time period from opening to closing; the operation is repeated at the frequency of 200Hz, so that the low-voltage difference passive equalization of the circuit is realized, and the heat generated by discharging has small influence on the temperature of the power battery and can be ignored. If the pressure difference between the battery cells is small (less than 0.03V and greater than 0.01V), only the battery cell BT 1 And battery cell BT 3 The voltage of the battery is inconsistent with the voltage of other battery monomers, and the electric quantity needs to be balanced, and the electric quantity is balanced through low-voltage difference passive balancing.
Heating the power battery in a low temperature environment (less than 0 ℃ C.) is required if the battery cell BT 1 With battery cell BT 2 The pressure difference between the two is larger (greater than or equal to 0.01V), and the battery cell BT 2 ～BT 6 If no pressure difference exists or the pressure difference is negligible, the N-type MOS tube Q is opened 7 Sum MOS tube Q 8 The rest N-type MOS tubes are closed, so that the battery cell BT is realized 1 Energy storage inductance L 1 Forming a closed loop with the graphene electrothermal film, and closing the N-type MOS tube Q after a period of time 7 And N-type MOS transistor Q 8 Battery cell BT 1 In MOS tube Q 7 And Q 8 Pulse discharging the graphene electrothermal film in a time period from opening to closing; battery cell BT 1 The redundant electric quantity is transferred to the graphene electrothermal film, so that the electric quantity of each battery monomer is phaseEtc.; the foregoing operation was repeated at a frequency of 200Hz, and the power cell was heated while balancing the amount of electricity.
Under the condition that the power battery needs to be heated in a low-temperature environment (less than 0 ℃ C.), and the electric quantity of each battery monomer is basically balanced (the pressure difference is less than 0.01V), the N-type MOS tube Q is opened 1 And N-type MOS transistor Q 18 The battery cell BT 1 ～BT 6 Is communicated with the graphene electrothermal film, and after a period of time, the N-type MOS tube Q is closed 1 And N-type MOS transistor Q 18 The battery monomers BT 1-BT 6 are arranged in the MOS tube Q 1 And Q 18 Pulse discharging the graphene electrothermal film in a time period from opening to closing; repeating the pulse discharging operation at 200Hz, and passing the electric quantity through the energy storage inductor L 6 And the graphene electric heating film is transferred to the conductive film, so that the graphene electric heating film and the internal resistance heating of the power battery heat the power battery together, and the non-pressure difference heating function at low temperature is realized.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.
Claims (7)
1. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on the inductance and the conductive film is characterized by comprising an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalization subcircuit comprises a plurality of equalization units, wherein each equalization unit comprises a battery cell, an energy storage inductor, a switch and a diode; the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of each equalizing unit are connected in series, and the diode is connected in parallel with the switch; the energy storage inductor of the last equalization unit is connected with the battery cell, the energy storage inductor and the switch of the next equalization unit in series;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units, wherein the number of the heating units is the same as that of the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the switch of the corresponding balancing unit in parallel through the two switches; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery;
when the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold value at normal temperature, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned is turned on, redundant electric quantity of the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is transferred to an energy storage inductor of the equalization unit, then the switch of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned is turned off, the switch of the equalization unit where the low-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned is turned on, and redundant electric quantity is transferred to the low-electric-quantity battery monomer; repeating the above operation with the active equalization frequency to realize the active equalization function of the circuit;
when the pressure difference between the single batteries is smaller than the active and passive balance pressure difference threshold value at normal temperature, a switch between the high-electric-quantity single battery and the conductive film is opened, and the redundant electric quantity of the high-electric-quantity single battery is transferred to the conductive film; repeating the operation with the passive equalization frequency to realize the passive equalization function of the circuit;
when the ambient temperature is lower than zero ℃ and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to the heating pressure difference threshold value, a switch between the high-electric-quantity battery monomer and the conductive film is opened, pulse discharge is carried out on the high-electric-quantity battery monomer, and redundant electric quantity is transferred to the conductive film; repeating the above operation at heating frequency, and heating the power battery by heat generated by the conductive film to realize balance and heating functions of the circuit;
when the ambient temperature is lower than zero ℃ and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than the heating pressure difference threshold value, the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit are turned on, all the battery monomers are connected with the conductive film in series as a whole, and pulse discharge is carried out on all the battery monomers; the operation is repeated at the heating frequency, and the conductive film generates heat to heat the power battery, so that the heating function of the circuit is realized.
2. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductance and a conductive film according to claim 1, wherein the conductive film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide wire metal film.
3. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductance and a conductive film according to claim 1, wherein the switch is a MOS transistor or an IGBT.
4. The composite inductive and conductive film based power cell equalization and heating circuit of claim 1, wherein said active and passive equalization voltage differential threshold is 0.03V.
5. The composite inductive and conductive film based power cell equalization and heating circuit of claim 1, wherein said heating differential pressure threshold is 0.01V.
6. The composite inductive and conductive film based power cell equalization and heating circuit of claim 1, wherein said active equalization frequency is greater than or equal to 1000Hz.
7. The composite inductive and conductive film based power cell equalization and heating circuit of claim 1, wherein said passive equalization frequency and heating frequency are both greater than or equal to 200Hz.
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