CN112583084B - Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on capacitor and conductive film - Google Patents
Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on capacitor and conductive film Download PDFInfo
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- CN112583084B CN112583084B CN202011565009.9A CN202011565009A CN112583084B CN 112583084 B CN112583084 B CN 112583084B CN 202011565009 A CN202011565009 A CN 202011565009A CN 112583084 B CN112583084 B CN 112583084B
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- heating
- conductive film
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film, which comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalization sub-circuit comprises a plurality of equalization units and a complementary switch, and each equalization unit comprises a battery cell, a capacitor and two switches; the battery monomer of each equalization unit is connected with the capacitor in series, one end of each switch is connected with two ends of the capacitor respectively, and the other ends of the two switches are connected with the battery monomer; the complementary switch is connected with the battery cell and the capacitor of the first equalization unit in series; a switch of the last equalization unit is connected with a battery cell and a capacitor of the next equalization unit in series; the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units, wherein the number of the heating units is the same as that of the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the capacitance of the corresponding balancing unit in parallel through the two switches of each heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery. The electric quantity can be balanced, and the power battery can be heated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power battery electric quantity equalization, and particularly relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film.
Background
The existing battery equalization circuit has two modes of active equalization and passive equalization, mainly considers the problem of electric quantity equalization among battery monomers, but ignores heat generated in the electric quantity equalization process. In the active equalization circuit, the formed current is large, and the heat generated in the battery is large, but the heat is not reasonably utilized. The high-power battery is discharged mainly through the energy dissipation resistor in the passive equalization circuit, and heat generated by the energy dissipation resistor is directly dissipated into the air, so that energy waste is caused.
In a low-temperature environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte is increased, the ion conduction speed is reduced, and the electron transfer speed of an external circuit is not matched, so that the battery is severely polarized, and the charge and discharge capacity is sharply reduced. Lithium ions in a low-temperature environment easily form lithium dendrites on the surface of the negative electrode, and in severe cases, the positive and negative electrolyte separators may be pierced, resulting in explosion of the battery. The internal resistance of the lithium battery also increases in a low temperature environment, degrading the performance of the lithium battery.
Therefore, the application provides a composite circuit with balanced electric quantity and heating function, and the heat that produces in the balanced in-process of electric quantity make full use of, heat the battery in the low temperature environment when avoiding the energy waste, improve the performance of battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalization sub-circuit is characterized by comprising a plurality of equalization units and a complementary switch, wherein each equalization unit comprises a battery cell, a capacitor and two switches; the battery monomer of each equalization unit is connected with the capacitor in series, one end of each switch is connected with two ends of the capacitor respectively, and the other ends of the two switches are connected with the battery monomer; the complementary switch is connected with the battery cell and the capacitor of the first equalization unit in series; a switch of the last equalization unit is connected with a battery cell and a capacitor of the next equalization unit in series;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units, wherein the number of the heating units is the same as that of the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the capacitance of the corresponding balancing unit in parallel through the two switches of each heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
The switch is a MOS tube or an IGBT.
The conductive film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide-line metal film.
When the voltage difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned and a switch of a last equalization unit are opened, the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is communicated with a capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned, and redundant electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor; then closing a switch which is opened before, opening the other switch of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned and the one switch of the balancing unit where the low-power battery monomer is positioned, communicating the capacitor of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned with the low-power battery monomer, and transferring the electric quantity on the capacitor to the low-power battery monomer; repeating the above operation with the active equalization frequency to realize the active equalization function of the circuit;
when the pressure difference between the battery cells is smaller than the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery cell is positioned and a switch of a last equalization unit are opened, the high-electric-quantity battery cell is communicated with a capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery cell is positioned, and redundant electric quantity on the high-electric-quantity battery cell is transferred to the capacitor; then, the switch of the previous switch is closed, and then the two switches between the capacitor and the conductive film of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned are opened, so that the capacitor is communicated with the conductive film, and the capacitor discharges and transfers the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation with the passive equalization frequency to realize the passive equalization function of the circuit;
when the ambient temperature is lower than zero ℃ and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to the heating pressure difference threshold value, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned and a switch of a previous equalization unit are opened, the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is communicated with a capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned, and redundant electric quantity on the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is transferred to the capacitor; then, the switch of the previous switch is closed, and then the two switches between the capacitor and the conductive film of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned are opened, so that the capacitor is communicated with the conductive film, and the capacitor discharges and transfers the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation at low temperature heating frequency to realize the balance and heating functions of the circuit;
when the ambient temperature is lower than zero ℃ and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than the heating pressure difference threshold, firstly opening a complementary switch and a switch of the last equalization unit, and at the moment, all the capacitors are equivalent to being connected in series to form an integral capacitor, and discharging all the battery monomers integrally to charge the integral capacitor; then, the switch which is opened before is closed, and then the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit are opened, so that the conductive film is communicated with the integral capacitor, and the electric quantity on the integral capacitor is transferred to the conductive film; the foregoing operation is repeated at a low-temperature heating frequency to realize the heating function of the circuit.
The active-passive equilibrium pressure difference threshold is 0.03V.
The heating pressure difference threshold is 0.01V.
The active equalization frequency is greater than or equal to 1000Hz.
The passive equalization frequency and the heating frequency are both greater than or equal to 200Hz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses the capacitor and the conductive film for heating the power battery at low temperature as a part of the circuit, innovatively designs a multiplexing structure for active and passive equalization and heating, combines the active equalization circuit and the passive equalization circuit, solves the problems existing in the prior art under the condition of adding external equipment, fuses the equalization circuit and the heating circuit, can equalize electric quantity, can heat the power battery in a low-temperature environment by using heat generated in the equalization process, improves the performance of the power battery, and ensures the normal operation of the power battery.
The control system only needs to acquire the voltage of the battery monomer and the temperature information of the power battery, reasonably selects the functions of the circuit, realizes coordination between the equalization and heating functions, improves the equalization and heating efficiency, and has low cost and simple and reliable realization mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.
The invention relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit (circuit for short) based on a capacitor and a conductive film, which comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalization sub-circuit is used for equalizing the electric quantity of each battery cell, and the heating sub-circuit is used for heating the power battery to raise the temperature of the power battery;
the equalization sub-circuit comprises a plurality of equalization units and a complementary switch, and each equalization unit comprises a battery cell, a capacitor and two switches; the battery monomer of each equalization unit is connected with the capacitor in series, one end of each switch is connected with two ends of the capacitor respectively, and the other ends of the two switches are connected with the battery monomer; the complementary switch is connected with the battery cell and the capacitor of the first equalization unit in series; a switch of the last equalization unit is connected with a battery cell and a capacitor of the next equalization unit in series, so that a plurality of equalization units are connected in series in sequence, and expansion of an equalization subcircuit is realized;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units, wherein the number of the heating units is the same as that of the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the capacitor of the corresponding balancing unit in parallel through the two switches of each heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
The capacitor is used as an electric quantity transfer component, and the electric quantity on the battery monomer is transferred to the capacitor and then transferred to the conductive film or another battery monomer; the conductive film is used for carrying out external low-temperature heating on the power battery and passive equalization when the battery cell is subjected to low-voltage difference.
The conductive film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide-line metal film.
The switch is a MOS tube, a relay or an IGBT, and the like, preferably the MOS tube and the IGBT, and has higher speed and higher frequency.
The MOS tube can be of N type or P type.
The working principle and the working flow of the invention are as follows:
a. electric quantity equalization at normal temperature
Active equalization of normal temperature and high pressure difference: when the voltage difference between the battery monomers is larger (more than or equal to 0.03V), active equalization is adopted, the electric quantity on the battery monomers is transferred through corresponding capacitors, the electric quantity of the battery monomers is rapidly equalized, and finally the electric quantity of each battery monomer is equal; opening a switch of an equalization unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned and a switch of a last equalization unit, and communicating the high-power battery monomer with a capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned, wherein redundant electric quantity on the high-power battery monomer is transferred to the capacitor; then closing a switch which is opened before, opening the other switch of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned and the one switch of the balancing unit where the low-power battery monomer is positioned, and communicating the capacitor of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned with the low-power battery monomer, so that the electric quantity on the capacitor of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned is transferred to the low-power battery monomer; the foregoing operation is repeated at a certain frequency (greater than or equal to 1000 Hz) to achieve equalization of the amount of electricity between the two battery cells.
Passive equalization of normal temperature low pressure difference: when the pressure difference between the battery cells is smaller (more than 0.01V and less than 0.03V), the pressure difference is ignored when the pressure difference is less than 0.01V at normal temperature; opening a switch of an equalization unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and a switch of a last equalization unit, communicating the high-power battery monomer with a capacitor of the corresponding equalization unit, charging the capacitor, and transferring redundant power on the high-power battery monomer to the capacitor; then the switch of the previous switch is closed, and then the two switches between the capacitor and the conductive film of the balancing unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned are opened, so that the capacitor is communicated with the conductive film, the capacitor discharges and transfers the electric quantity to the conductive film, thereby transferring the electric quantity of the high-electric-quantity battery monomer through the conductive film of the capacitor, rapidly consuming the redundant electric quantity of the high-electric-quantity battery monomer and improving the speed of balancing the electric quantity; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (more than or equal to 200 Hz) to realize the low-voltage differential passive equalization function of the circuit.
b. Low-temperature heating and electric quantity balancing
Heating and balancing composite action under high temperature and high pressure difference: when the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger (more than or equal to 0.01V), a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric battery monomer is positioned and a switch of a last equalization unit are opened, the high-electric battery monomer is communicated with a capacitor of the corresponding equalization unit, the capacitor is charged, and the redundant electric quantity on the high-electric battery monomer is transferred to the capacitor; then closing the switch which is opened before, opening two switches between the capacitor and the conductive film of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned, communicating the capacitor with the conductive film, discharging the capacitor and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (more than or equal to 200 Hz), the electric quantity on the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is transferred to the conductive film through pulse discharge, the conductive film heats up the power battery, and the power battery is heated while the electric quantity is balanced.
Heating at low temperature without pressure difference: when the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than 0.01V and can be ignored, and the electric quantity of each battery monomer is basically balanced, firstly, a complementary switch and a switch of the last balancing unit are opened, at the moment, all the capacitors are equivalent to be connected in series to form an integral capacitor, and all the battery monomers are integrally discharged to charge the integral capacitor; then, the switch which is opened before is closed, then the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit are opened, the conductive film is communicated with the integral capacitor, and the integral capacitor is discharged; and (3) repeating the operation at a certain frequency (more than or equal to 200 Hz), performing pulse discharge, and heating from the inside and the outside simultaneously through the heat generation of the conductive film and the heat generation of the internal resistance discharge of the power battery, thereby realizing the low-temperature non-pressure difference heating function.
Example 1
The embodiment is a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film, and the circuit comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit as shown in fig. 1; the equalization sub-circuit comprises 5 equalization units and an N-type MOS tube Q 1 N-type MOS tube Q 1 As a supplementary switch, the heating sub-circuit includes a conductive film and 5 heating sub-units;
wherein the equalization unit I comprises a battery cell BT 1 Capacitance C 1 N-type MOS tube Q 2 And N-type MOS transistor Q 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The equalization unit II comprises a battery cell BT 2 Capacitance C 2 N-type MOS tube Q 4 And N-type MOS transistor Q 5 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The equalization unit III comprises a battery cell BT 3 Capacitance C 3 N-type MOS tube Q 6 And N-type MOS transistor Q 7 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The equalization unit IV comprises a battery cell BT 4 Capacitance C 4 N-type MOS tube Q 8 And N-type MOS transistor Q 9 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The equalization unit five comprises a battery cell BT 5 Capacitance C 5 N-type MOS tube Q 10 And N-type MOS transistor Q 11 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Only the battery cell BT of the equalization unit six is shown in the figure 6 And an N-type MOS transistor Q 12 ；
The first heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 13 And N-type MOS transistor Q 14 The second heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 15 And N-type MOS transistor Q 16 The heating unit III comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 17 And N-type MOS transistor Q 18 The heating unit IV comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 19 And N-type MOS transistor Q 20 The heating unit five comprises an N-type MOS tube Q 21 And N-type MOS transistor Q 22 。
Battery cell BT 1 ～BT 6 Sequentially connected in series; n-type MOS tube Q 1 Source of (a) and cell BT 1 Is connected with the positive electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 1 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 2 Drain of (C) is connected with capacitor C 1 Is connected with one end of an N-type MOS tube Q 2 Source electrode and N-type MOS tube Q 3 The source of (a) is all same as the battery cell BT 1 Is connected with the negative electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 3 Drain of (C) and capacitor C 1 Is connected with the other end of the connecting rod;
capacitor C 2 One end of (2) is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q 3 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 4 Drain electrode connection of capacitor C 2 Is connected with the other end of the N-type MOS tube Q 5 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 4 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 5 The source of (a) is all same as the battery cell BT 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
capacitor C 3 One end of (2) is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q 5 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 6 Drain electrode connection of capacitor C 3 Is connected with the other end of the N-type MOS tube Q 7 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 6 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 7 The source of (a) is all same as the battery cell BT 3 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
capacitor C 4 One end of (2) is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q 7 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 8 Drain electrode connection of capacitor C 4 Is connected with the other end of the N-type MOS tube Q 9 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 8 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 9 The source of (a) is all same as the battery cell BT 4 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
capacitor C 5 One end of (2) is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q 9 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 10 Drain electrode connection of capacitor C 5 Is connected with the other end of the N-type MOS tube Q 11 Is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 10 Source electrode of (N) -type MOS transistor Q 11 The source of (a) is all same as the battery cell BT 5 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
n-type MOS tube Q 12 Drain electrode of (1) and battery cell BT 6 Is connected with the negative electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q 12 Source capacitance C of (2) 5 Is connected with the other end of the connecting rod;
n-type MOS tube Q 13 Source of (C) and capacitor C 1 Is connected with one end of an N-type MOS tube Q 14 Source of (C) and capacitor C 1 Is connected with the other end of the connecting rod; n-type MOS tube Q 15 Source of (C) and capacitor C 2 Is connected with one end of an N-type MOS tube Q 16 Source of (C) and capacitor C 2 Is connected with the other end of the connecting rod; n-type MOS tube Q 17 Source of (C) and capacitor C 3 Is connected with one end of an N-type MOS tube Q 18 Source of (C) and capacitor C 3 Is connected with the other end of the connecting rod; n-type MOS tube Q 19 Source of (C) and capacitor C 4 Is connected with one end of an N-type MOS tube Q 20 Source of (C) and capacitor C 4 Is connected with the other end of the connecting rod; n-type MOS tube Q 21 Source of (C) and capacitor C 5 Is connected with one end of an N-type MOS tube Q 22 Source of (C) and capacitor C 5 Is connected with the other end of the connecting rod;
n-type MOS tube Q 13 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 15 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 17 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 19 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 21 The drains of the N-type MOS transistors Q are connected with one end of the conductive film 14 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 16 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 18 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 20 Drain electrode of (C), N type MOS tube Q 22 The drain electrodes of the electrodes are connected with the other end of the conductive film;
the gates of the N-type MOS transistors are all connected to an external control module, and the connection relationship is not shown in fig. 1.
Capacitor C 1 ～C 5 An energy flow unit for battery equalization and power battery heating; n-type MOS tube Q 1 ～Q 12 As a switch for battery energy exchange, the energy exchange between two adjacent battery monomers is realized by controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding N-type MOS tube to connect the capacitor and the adjacent battery monomers in parallel; n-type MOS tube Q 13 …Q 22 As a switch for switching the line between the corresponding capacitor and the conductive film.
The power battery is not required to be heated at normal temperature, if the battery monomer BT 1 With battery cell BT 2 The pressure difference between them is large (greater than or equal to 0.03V), and the battery cell BT 2 Is lower than the voltage of the battery cell BT 3 ～BT 6 (Battery cell BT) 3 ～BT 6 No pressure difference or negligible) then the N-type MOS transistor Q is opened first 1 And Q 3 Make battery cell BT 1 And capacitor C 1 Form a via to the capacitor C 1 Charging the battery cell BT 1 Excess electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor C 1 Applying; then turn off the N-type MOS transistor Q 1 And Q 3 Simultaneously turn on N-type MOS tube Q 2 And Q 4 Make the capacitor C 1 With battery cell BT 2 Form a passage therebetween, a capacitance C 1 Discharging and transferring electric quantity to battery cell BT 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The operation is repeated at the frequency of 1000Hz, so that the electric quantity is quickly balanced, and the purpose of high-pressure difference active balancing is achieved. If battery cell BT 1 With battery cell BT 2 The pressure difference between the two is larger (greater than or equal to 0.03V), and the battery cell BT 2 ～BT 6 If no pressure difference exists or the pressure difference is negligible, the battery cell BT is subjected to the high pressure difference active equalization function 1 The excess electricity is transferred to other battery cells. If battery cell BT 1 With battery cell BT 3 When the pressure difference is larger than or equal to 0.03V, the electric quantity balance is realized through the balance unit II, namely the battery cell BT is firstly used 1 Is transferred to the battery cell BT 2 On, the battery cell BT is then put into 2 Is transferred to the battery cell BT 3 And (3) upper part.
The power battery is not required to be heated at normal temperature, if the battery monomer BT 1 The pressure difference between the remaining battery cells is small (less than 0.03V and greater than 0.01V), and the battery cell BT 1 Is higher than the voltage of the battery cell BT 2 ～BT 6 Battery cell BT 2 ～BT 6 If the electric quantity of the MOS transistor is not required to be balanced, firstly opening the N-type MOS transistor Q 1 And Q 3 Make battery cell BT 1 And capacitor C 1 Form a via to the capacitor C 1 Charging the battery cell BT 1 Excess electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor C 1 Applying; then turn off the N-type MOS transistor Q 1 And Q 3 Simultaneously opening N-type MOS tube Q 13 And Q 14 Make the capacitor C 1 Form a path with the conductive film, capacitance C 1 Discharging and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the above operation at 200Hz, and balancing the battery cell BT 1 The electric quantity is higher, the low-voltage difference passive balance of the circuit is realized, and the heat generated by discharging has small influence on the temperature of the power battery and can be ignored. If the pressure difference between the battery cells is small (less than 0.03V and greater than 0.01V), only the battery cell BT 1 And battery cell BT 3 Voltage of (d) and other cellsAnd if the monomers are inconsistent and the electric quantity needs to be balanced, carrying out electric quantity balancing through low-voltage differential passive balancing respectively.
In low temperature environment (below zero degree centigrade), the temperature of the power battery needs to be raised if the battery cell BT 1 With battery cell BT 2 The pressure difference between the two is larger (greater than or equal to 0.01V), and the battery cell BT 2 ～BT 6 If no pressure difference exists or the pressure difference is negligible, the N-type MOS tube Q is firstly opened 1 And Q 3 Make battery cell BT 1 And capacitor C 1 Form a via to the capacitor C 1 Charging the battery cell BT 1 Excess electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor C 1 Applying; then turn off the N-type MOS transistor Q 1 And Q 3 Then open the N type MOS tube Q 13 And Q 14 Make the capacitor C 1 Form a path with the conductive film to the capacitor C 1 Discharging and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the above operation at 200Hz for the battery cell BT 1 And (3) pulse discharging is carried out, so that the electric quantity of each battery monomer is equal, and the power battery is heated while the electric quantity is balanced.
Under the conditions that the temperature of the power battery needs to be increased in a low-temperature environment (lower than zero ℃), and the electric quantity of each battery cell is basically balanced (the pressure difference is smaller than 0.01V), the N-type MOS tube Q is opened 1 And Q 11 Capacitance C at this time 1 ～C 5 Equivalent to an integral capacitor, for the battery cell BT 1 ～BT 5 Performing integral discharge, and transferring the electric quantity to an integral capacitor; then turn off the N-type MOS transistor Q 1 And Q 11 Opening the N-type MOS tube Q 13 And Q 22 The conductive film is connected with the integral capacitor in series, the integral capacitor is discharged, and the electric quantity is transferred to the conductive film; the operation is repeated at the frequency of 200Hz, pulse discharge is carried out, and the power battery is heated by the heat of the conductive film and the internal resistance of the power battery, so that the heating function without pressure difference at low temperature is realized.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.
Claims (7)
1. A power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalization sub-circuit is characterized by comprising a plurality of equalization units and a complementary switch, wherein each equalization unit comprises a battery cell, a capacitor and two switches; the battery monomer of each equalization unit is connected with the capacitor in series, one end of each switch is connected with two ends of the capacitor respectively, and the other ends of the two switches are connected with the battery monomer; the complementary switch is connected with the battery cell and the capacitor of the first equalization unit in series; a switch of the last equalization unit is connected with a battery cell and a capacitor of the next equalization unit in series;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units, wherein the number of the heating units is the same as that of the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the capacitance of the corresponding balancing unit in parallel through the two switches of each heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery;
when the voltage difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned and a switch of a last equalization unit are opened, the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is communicated with a capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned, and redundant electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor; then closing a switch which is opened before, opening the other switch of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned and the one switch of the balancing unit where the low-power battery monomer is positioned, communicating the capacitor of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is positioned with the low-power battery monomer, and transferring the electric quantity on the capacitor to the low-power battery monomer; repeating the above operation with the active equalization frequency to realize the active equalization function of the circuit;
when the pressure difference between the battery cells is smaller than the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery cell is positioned and a switch of a last equalization unit are opened, the high-electric-quantity battery cell is communicated with a capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery cell is positioned, and redundant electric quantity on the high-electric-quantity battery cell is transferred to the capacitor; then, the switch of the previous switch is closed, and then the two switches between the capacitor and the conductive film of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned are opened, so that the capacitor is communicated with the conductive film, and the capacitor discharges and transfers the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation with the passive equalization frequency to realize the passive equalization function of the circuit;
when the ambient temperature is lower than zero ℃ and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is larger than or equal to the heating pressure difference threshold value, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned and a switch of a previous equalization unit are opened, the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is communicated with a capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned, and redundant electric quantity on the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is transferred to the capacitor; then, the switch of the previous switch is closed, and then the two switches between the capacitor and the conductive film of the equalization unit where the high-electric-quantity battery monomer is positioned are opened, so that the capacitor is communicated with the conductive film, and the capacitor discharges and transfers the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation at low temperature heating frequency to realize the balance and heating functions of the circuit;
when the ambient temperature is lower than zero ℃ and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than the heating pressure difference threshold, firstly opening a complementary switch and a switch of the last equalization unit, and at the moment, all the capacitors are equivalent to being connected in series to form an integral capacitor, and discharging all the battery monomers integrally to charge the integral capacitor; then, the switch which is opened before is closed, and then the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit are opened, so that the conductive film is communicated with the integral capacitor, and the electric quantity on the integral capacitor is transferred to the conductive film; the foregoing operation is repeated at a low-temperature heating frequency to realize the heating function of the circuit.
2. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film according to claim 1, wherein the switch is a MOS transistor or an IGBT.
3. The power cell equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film of claim 1, wherein the conductive film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide wire metal film.
4. The composite equalization and heating circuit of a power cell based on a capacitor and a conductive film of claim 1, wherein said active and passive equalization voltage differential threshold is 0.03V.
5. The composite equalization and heating circuit of a power cell based on a capacitive and conductive film of claim 1, wherein said heating differential pressure threshold is 0.01V.
6. The composite capacitive and conductive film based power cell equalization and heating circuit of claim 1, wherein the active equalization frequency is greater than or equal to 1000Hz.
7. The composite equalization and heating circuit of a power cell based on a capacitive and conductive film of claim 1, wherein the passive equalization frequency and the heating frequency are both greater than or equal to 200Hz.
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