CN110649336B - Voltage equalization circuit with complete equalization branch and control method - Google Patents
Voltage equalization circuit with complete equalization branch and control method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage equalization circuit with a complete equalization branch and a control method. The equalization circuit comprises more than four switch units with the same structure, and each switch unit is provided with a battery; the switch unit comprises two MOS tubes, the positive electrode of the battery is connected to the drain electrode of the first MOS tube, the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected to the drain electrode of the second MOS tube, and the source electrode of the second MOS tube is connected to the negative electrode of the battery; the batteries configured by all the switch units are connected in series; an equalizing branch is connected between the sources of the first MOS tubes of any two switch units; the source electrode of the first MOS tube of each switch unit is also respectively connected with an equalizing branch, and the other ends of the equalizing branches are mutually connected. The invention can realize the energy transmission among all batteries in the battery pack and quickly balance the battery voltage. The balance speed is irrelevant to the unbalanced distribution of the battery voltage, and the balance speed is not slowed down with the increase of the number of the batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery/super capacitor voltage equalization, in particular to a voltage equalization circuit with complete equalization branches and a control method.
Background
Lithium batteries and supercapacitors are often used as energy storage elements for pure electric vehicles and new energy power generation and other occasions. However, because the voltage of a single lithium battery/supercapacitor (hereinafter lithium battery and supercapacitor are collectively referred to as a battery for ease of illustration) is typically low, a large number of cells are often required to be used in series to meet the large voltage demands of the load. Due to the production and manufacturing reasons, parameters such as internal resistance, voltage, self-discharge rate and the like of each battery cell are different, and the difference can cause inconsistent voltage generated during charging and discharging of the battery. The inconsistency of voltages among the batteries wastes the available capacity of the battery pack, accelerates the aging of the batteries and shortens the service life of the batteries. In order to solve the problem of non-uniformity of the battery cells, an equalization circuit needs to be added into the battery pack.
Existing equalization circuits mainly include energy dissipative and non-energy dissipative types. The energy dissipation type equalization circuit uses energy dissipation elements such as resistors to consume energy in the high-voltage battery so as to realize equalization of battery voltages in the battery pack. The mode is low in cost and small in size, but the energy waste is serious. The non-dissipative equalization circuit uses non-energy-consuming elements such as capacitance, inductance and the like as energy-transferring media to realize the transmission of energy from the high-voltage battery to the low-voltage battery. The equalization circuit using capacitance as energy transfer medium has been widely studied because of its simple circuit structure and simple control. The single-capacitor equalization circuit has the simplest structure, but the equalization circuit can only realize energy transmission between two batteries at the same time and has low equalization speed. The traditional switched capacitor equalization circuit comprises a single-layer switched capacitor equalization circuit, a double-layer switched capacitor equalization circuit, a chain-shaped switched capacitor equalization circuit and the like, and can transmit energy among a plurality of batteries at the same time, but the equalization speed of the traditional switched capacitor equalization circuit changes along with the unbalanced voltage distribution of the batteries, and meanwhile, the equalization speed of the traditional switched capacitor equalization circuit decreases along with the increase of the number of the batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage equalization circuit with complete equalization branches and a control method.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows:
a voltage equalization circuit with complete equalization branches comprises more than four switch units with the same structure, wherein each switch unit is provided with a battery; the switch unit comprises two MOS tubes, the positive electrode of the battery is connected to the drain electrode of the first MOS tube, the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected to the drain electrode of the second MOS tube, and the source electrode of the second MOS tube is connected to the negative electrode of the battery; the batteries configured by all the switch units are connected in series; an equalizing branch is connected between the sources of the first MOS tubes of any two switch units; the source electrode of the first MOS tube of each switch unit is also respectively connected with an equalizing branch, and the other ends of the equalizing branches are mutually connected.
Further, the equalization branch is a single capacitance branch.
Further, the equalization branch is a series branch of capacitance and inductance.
Further, an equalizing branch is connected between the sources of the first MOS tubes of any two switch units, and the equalizing branch is a single-capacitor branch; the source electrode of the first MOS tube of each switch unit is also respectively connected with an equalizing branch, the other ends of the equalizing branches are connected with each other, and the equalizing branches are serially connected with the capacitor and the inductor.
Further, an equalizing branch is connected between the sources of the first MOS tubes of any two switch units, and the equalizing branch is a serial branch of a capacitor and an inductor; the source electrode of the first MOS tube of each switch unit is also respectively connected with an equalizing branch, the other ends of the equalizing branches are connected with each other, and the equalizing branches are single-capacitor branches.
The equalizing branch circuit is a circuit of a single capacitance branch circuit, and the control method comprises the following steps: let V GS1 A first MOS tube for controlling each switch unit, V GS2 Controlling a second MOS tube of each switch unit; the V is GS1 And V GS2 Is a pair of PWM signals with fixed frequency, complementary duty cycle, and dead time.
The equalizing branch circuit comprises a capacitor and an inductor series branch circuit, and the control method comprises the following steps: let V GS1 A first MOS tube for controlling each switch unit, V GS2 Controlling a second MOS tube of each switch unit; the V is GS1 And V GS2 The frequency of the PWM signal is equal to the resonance frequency of a series branch circuit of the capacitor and the inductor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides all possible direct and indirect equalization paths for any two batteries, i.e. the equalization paths have completeness. The direct equalization path consists of a single equalization branch, and the indirect equalization path consists of two equalization branches connected in series. Based on the complete equalization path, the invention can realize the energy transmission among all batteries in the battery pack and rapidly equalize the battery voltage. Meanwhile, the invention has symmetry in structure, each battery has the same number of equalizing paths, and the number of equalizing paths increases with the increase of the number of batteries. The equalization speed of the present invention is thus independent of the unbalanced distribution of the battery voltage, and the equalization speed does not slow down as the number of batteries increases.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of an equalization leg of the present invention as a single capacitance leg;
fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of embodiment 1;
fig. 3a is an operation state I of embodiment 1;
FIG. 3b shows the working state II of the embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 shows the capacitance C under the voltage imbalance condition 1 of embodiment 1 2,1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a);
fig. 5a is a simulation waveform of the battery voltage in case of voltage imbalance 1 of example 1;
fig. 5b is a simulation waveform of the battery voltage in case of voltage imbalance 2 of example 1;
fig. 5c is a simulation waveform of the battery voltage in case of voltage imbalance 3 of example 1;
fig. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram of embodiment 2;
FIG. 7 is a capacitor C of embodiment 2 2,1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a);
fig. 8 is a simulation waveform of the battery voltage of example 2.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A voltage equalization circuit with complete equalization branch comprises batteries B connected in series in sequence 1 ,B 2 ,…,B n Wherein n is a positive integer of 4 or more; the device also comprises n groups of MOS tubes and n (n+1)/2 equalization branches.
Sequentially connected batteries B 1 ,B 2 ,…,B n Can be a lithium battery (module) or a super capacitor (module).
The equalizing branch circuit can be a single capacitance branch circuit, a series connection branch circuit of capacitance and inductance, or equalizing branch circuits of other structures.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a voltage equalization circuit with a complete equalization branch, in which the equalization branch is a single capacitance branch.
As shown in fig. 1, with battery B i The i-th group of MOS tubes connected in parallel comprises two MOS tubes S i1 And S is i2 . First MOS tube S i1 And a second MOS tube S i2 And then in series with battery B i Parallel connection; the concrete connection mode is as follows: first MOS tube S i1 Drain of (c) and battery B i The anode of the second MOS tube S is connected with i2 Source of (c) and battery B i Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; first MOS tube S i1 Source electrode and second MOS transistor S i2 Is connected with the drain of the equalizing branch and the connecting point is the equalizing branch connecting point b i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Each cell B i Corresponding to a balanced branch connection point b i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Where i=1, 2, …, n.
n (n+1)/2 single capacitance branches can be divided into two types:
first kind: each single-capacitor branch is connected with the corresponding equalizing branch connection point of any two batteries; n (n-1)/2. The detailed connection mode is as follows: capacitor C j,k (j＝2,3,…,n；k＝1,2,…,n-1；j>k) One end of the formed equalization branch is connected with a battery B j Corresponding equalization branch connection point b j The other end is connected with the battery B k Corresponding equalization branch connection point b k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The balance branch is battery B j And B k A single-branch equalizing path between the two;
second kind: one end of each single-capacitor branch is connected with a corresponding equalizing branch connection point of a battery, and the other end is connected with an auxiliary connection point b 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the N total strips; the detailed connection mode is as follows: capacitor C 0,i One end of an equalization branch formed by (i=1, 2, …, n) is connected with a battery B i Corresponding equalization branch connection point b i The other end is connected withTo the auxiliary connection point b 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the capacitor C 0,j Equalization branch and capacitor C consisting of (j=2, 3, …, n) 0,k (k＝1,2,…,n-1；j>k) The equalization branch circuit is connected to form battery B j And B k An equalizing path comprising two equalizing branches;
the equalizing branch connection point corresponding to each battery is connected with n equalizing branches.
The equalizing branch is a voltage equalizing circuit with complete equalizing branch of serial capacitance and inductance, and the structure is similar to that of equalizing branch which is single capacitance branch, so that various circuits can be formed. Firstly, all single-capacitor branches in the structure are replaced by serial branches of capacitors and inductors; second, the single-capacitance branch of the first type is replaced by a series branch of capacitance and inductance, and the other branches are still single-capacitance branches; third, the single-capacitance branch of the second type is replaced by a series connection of a capacitance and an inductance, and the other branches are still single-capacitance branches. When the equalization branch is a serial branch of a capacitor and an inductor, the voltage difference between the battery and the capacitor can be increased through resonance of the capacitor and the inductor, so that the equalization current is increased and the equalization speed is improved; meanwhile, the switching frequency of the equalizing circuit is regulated to be close to the resonance frequency of a series branch circuit of the capacitor and the inductor, so that the current flowing instantly when the MOS tube is switched on and off can be reduced, the circuit loss is reduced, and the equalizing efficiency is improved. Furthermore, when all equalization branches are serially connected with the capacitor and the inductor, zero current switching of all MOS tubes in the circuit can be realized, and equalization efficiency of the circuit is remarkably improved.
The control method of the voltage equalization circuit with the complete equalization branch comprises the following steps: with a pair of PWM signals V of fixed frequency, complementary duty cycle and dead time GS1 And V GS2 Controlling the n groups of MOS tubes, wherein: v (V) GS1 Control the first MOS tube S in each group of MOS tubes i1 ，V GS2 Control the second MOS tube S in each group of MOS tubes i2 。
In the control method, when the equalizing branch is a single-capacitor branch, the switching frequency of the control signal is not limited explicitly and can be set according to the requirement; when the equalizing branch is a serial branch of capacitor and inductor, the switching frequency of the control signal needs to be set to be the resonance frequency of the serial branch of capacitor and inductor or the frequency close to the resonance frequency in order to ensure the equalizing performance of the circuit.
Example 1
An equalization circuit using a 4-cell equalization circuit as a single-capacitor equalization circuit is shown in fig. 2 as embodiment 1. According to PWM signal V GS1 And V GS2 The equalization circuit has two operating states, operating states I and ii, as shown in fig. 3a and 3b, respectively. When the battery voltage V B4 >V B3 >V B2 >V B1 When the equalization circuit works, the working state is as follows:
working state I: PWM signal V GS1 Is of high level, MOS tube S 11 、S 21 、S 31 、S 41 Conduction, battery B 4 、B 3 、B 2 Charging all the capacitors, and increasing the voltage of the capacitors;
working state II: PWM signal V GS2 Is of high level, MOS tube S 12 、S 22 、S 32 、S 42 Conduction and capacitance to battery B 3 、B 2 、B 1 And (3) charging and reducing the capacitor voltage.
FIG. 4 shows the capacitance C under the voltage imbalance condition 1 of embodiment 1 2,1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a); fig. 5a, 5b, and 5c are simulated waveforms of the battery voltage in the case of three different voltage imbalances, respectively. Simulation parameters of the circuit: the capacitance is 100 mu F, and each equalization unit is provided with a resistor of 20mΩ as a circuit parasitic resistor; replacing the battery with a capacitor of 1F; the switching frequency was 50kHz and the dead time was 1%. Voltage imbalance case 1: v (V) B1 ＝3.0V、V B2 ＝3.2V、V B3 ＝3.4V、V B4 =3.6v; voltage imbalance case 2: v (V) B1 ＝3.6V、V B2 ＝3.4V、V B3 ＝3.2V、V B4 =3.0v; voltage imbalance case 3: v (V) B1 ＝3.0V、V B2 ＝3.4V、V B3 ＝3.6V、V B4 ＝3.2V。
As can be seen from FIG. 4, when V GS1 At a high level, flows through the capacitor C 2,1 Is (1) the current of the (a)Direction is positive, energy is supplied from battery B 2 To capacitor C 2,1 Transmission, the capacitor voltage is gradually increased; when V is GS2 At a high level, flows through the capacitor C 2,1 The current direction of (2) is negative, and energy flows from the capacitor C 2,1 To battery B 1 And transmitting, wherein the capacitance voltage gradually decreases.
As can be seen from fig. 5a, 5b and 5c, in the case of different unbalanced distribution of the battery voltages, the time required for equalizing the voltage difference between the batteries to 4.3mV is 0.2s, the equalizing speeds are consistent, and the variation trend of the battery voltages is similar, which indicates that the equalizing speed of the present invention is not affected by the unbalanced distribution of the battery voltages.
Example 2
An equalization circuit using 4 batteries and an equalization branch as a series circuit of a capacitor and an inductor is shown in fig. 6 as embodiment 2. The two operating states of the equalizing circuit are similar to the case that the equalizing branch is a single capacitor branch, and the conduction sequence of the MOS transistor is referred to embodiment 1.
FIG. 7 is a capacitor C of embodiment 2 2,1 Voltage and current simulation waveforms of (a); fig. 8 is a simulation waveform of the battery voltage of example 2. Simulation parameters of the circuit: the capacitance is 20 mu F, the inductance is 4.7 mu H, and each resonant switch capacitance unit is provided with a resistor of 30mΩ as a circuit parasitic resistor; replacing the battery with a capacitor of 1F; the switching frequency was 16.3kHz and the dead time was 1%. The initial voltage of the battery is: v (V) B1 ＝3.0V、V B2 ＝3.2V、V B3 ＝3.4V、V B4 ＝3.6V。
As shown in FIG. 7, when V GS1 At a high level, flows through the capacitor C 2,1 The current of (a) rises from zero to a maximum value and then falls to zero, and the energy is from battery B 2 To capacitor C 2,1 Transmission, capacitance C 2,1 Gradually increasing the voltage of (a); when V is GS2 At a high level, flows through the capacitor C 2,1 The current of (2) decreases from zero to a minimum and then increases to zero, and the energy is from capacitor C 2,1 To battery B 1 Transmission, equalizing capacitance C 2,1 Gradually decreasing in voltage. Meanwhile, the current flowing through the capacitor can be seen to be close to zero at the moment of state switching, which means that the current flowing through the MOS tube is zero at the moment, namely the MOS tube is realizedIs provided.
As shown in fig. 8, when the equalizing branch is a series branch of capacitor and inductor, the equalizing circuit can also realize voltage equalization of the battery. The time required for the voltage difference between the cells to equalize to 4.2mV was 0.147s. Comparing with the result of fig. 7, it can be known that when the equalizing branch is a series branch of capacitance and inductance, the equalizing speed of the equalizing circuit is faster than the case that the equalizing branch is a single capacitance branch. Under the condition that the equalization effect is similar, the capacitance and the switching frequency of the equalization circuit with the series-connected capacitance and inductance equalization branches are relatively smaller, but the same number of inductances as the capacitance are added.
In summary, the voltage equalization circuit with complete equalization branches and the control method provided by the invention have a plurality of equalization paths between any two batteries, so that energy transmission between all batteries can be realized at the same time, and equalization steps are shortened; and the equalization path corresponding to each cell increases as the number of cells increases. Meanwhile, the invention has symmetry in structure, and the connection mode of each battery in the equalization circuit is completely the same when the internal connection of the battery pack is not considered, so that the equalization speed of the invention is irrelevant to the unbalanced distribution of the battery voltage, and the problem that the equalization speed of the traditional switched capacitor equalization circuit is reduced along with the increase of the number of the batteries is solved.
Claims (1)
1. The voltage equalization circuit with complete equalization branches is characterized by comprising more than four switch units with the same structure, wherein each switch unit is provided with a battery; the switch unit comprises two MOS tubes, the positive electrode of the battery is connected to the drain electrode of the first MOS tube, the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected to the drain electrode of the second MOS tube, and the source electrode of the second MOS tube is connected to the negative electrode of the battery; the batteries configured by all the switch units are connected in series;
a first equalizing branch is connected between the sources of the first MOS tubes of any two switch units;
the source electrode of the first MOS tube of each switch unit is also respectively connected with a second balance branch, and the other ends of all the second balance branches are connected with each other;
the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch are both capacitive and inductive series branches;
or the first equalization branch is a single capacitance branch, and the second equalization branch is a capacitance and inductance series branch;
or the first equalization branch is a serial branch of a capacitor and an inductor, and the second equalization branch is a single-capacitor branch;
the control method of the voltage equalization circuit comprises the following steps: let V GS1 A first MOS tube for controlling each switch unit, V GS2 Controlling a second MOS tube of each switch unit; the V is GS1 And V GS2 The frequency of the PWM signal is equal to the resonance frequency of a series branch circuit of the capacitor and the inductor.
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| CN116488294B (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2024-07-26 | 四川吉利学院 | Battery equalization circuit system and control method thereof |
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| 动力电池均衡充电控制策略研究;徐顺刚 等;《电机与控制学报》;20120215;第16卷(第2期);62-65 * |
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