CN113629814B - Battery voltage equalization circuit, method and device and energy storage system - Google Patents
Battery voltage equalization circuit, method and device and energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113629814B CN113629814B CN202110931547.3A CN202110931547A CN113629814B CN 113629814 B CN113629814 B CN 113629814B CN 202110931547 A CN202110931547 A CN 202110931547A CN 113629814 B CN113629814 B CN 113629814B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a battery voltage equalization circuit, a battery voltage equalization method, a battery voltage equalization device and an energy storage system. The battery voltage balancing circuit comprises a plurality of battery units which are arranged in series and/or in parallel, and each battery unit comprises two battery cells which are arranged in series; each battery monomer is connected with a first switch and a second switch in parallel respectively, an inductor is arranged between the public ends of the two first switches and the public ends of the two battery monomers, and a resistor is arranged between the public ends of the two second switches and the public ends of the two battery monomers. According to the battery voltage balancing circuit provided by the invention, two battery units are connected in series to form one battery unit, and voltage balancing is carried out on the two battery units in each battery unit; the two switches are arranged, and the voltage of the battery cells is balanced by using the inductor and the resistor, so that the problems that the voltage difference between the battery cells is too small and energy loss is caused in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a battery voltage equalization circuit, a battery voltage equalization method, a battery voltage equalization device and an energy storage system.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high reliability, environmental protection, no pollution, no memory effect, low self-discharge rate and the like, and is widely applied to the relevant fields of electric automobiles, photovoltaic systems and the like. In the actual use process of the batteries, charge and discharge imbalance is caused due to initial capacity difference, asymmetric attenuation characteristics, uneven temperature distribution and the like of each battery. If the battery is operated in an unbalanced state for a long time, the energy storage performance is seriously degraded, and even serious accidents such as fire or explosion occur.
The initial capacity of the battery system is 100%, and the battery gradually decays due to various reasons during the use, which is the characteristic of the lithium battery, and the decay of the battery system cannot be recovered through balance; the most significant cause of the decrease in system capacity is the system loss caused by the imbalance in battery capacity, which is not all the decrease in battery capacity, but the battery system cannot be used even when the battery system has capacity due to imbalance. Therefore, in order to make the battery cells operate in the optimum performance state, and make full use of the performance of the battery pack, it is necessary to reduce the individual difference between each battery cell in one series battery pack by adopting the battery equalization technique.
At present, the battery balancing method is mainly divided into two major categories, namely passive balancing and active balancing, wherein the passive balancing is divided into two major categories, namely a resistance method and a voltage stabilizing tube method, and the active balancing mainly comprises three major categories, namely a capacitance method, an inductance method and a voltage transformation method. However, the passive equalization mode can consume the electric quantity of the battery, so that the utilization rate of energy is reduced; and the active equalization mode is not ideal in that the large current equalization effect cannot be completed when the pressure difference is smaller.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a battery voltage equalization circuit, method, apparatus, and energy storage system.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the battery voltage balancing circuit comprises a plurality of battery units which are arranged in series and/or in parallel, and each battery unit comprises two battery cells which are arranged in series;
each battery monomer is connected with a first switch and a second switch in parallel respectively, an inductor is arranged between the public ends of the two first switches and the public ends of the two battery monomers, and a resistor is arranged between the public ends of the two second switches and the public ends of the two battery monomers.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a battery voltage equalization method, including the steps of:
acquiring the pressure difference between the battery cells in the battery cell;
judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
if the preset value is met, transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by utilizing the inductance energy storage;
the cell voltage difference is further reduced by using the resistor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a battery voltage equalization apparatus comprising:
the differential pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the differential pressure between the battery cells in the battery unit;
a judging unit for judging whether the differential pressure meets a preset value;
the transfer unit is used for transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by utilizing the inductance energy storage if the preset value is met;
and the reducing unit is used for further reducing the voltage difference of the battery cells by using the resistor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides an energy storage system comprising:
the battery voltage equalization circuit according to the embodiment of the invention; and
and the battery management system is used for controlling the battery voltage balancing circuit to work so as to balance battery voltage difference.
According to the battery voltage balancing circuit provided by the invention, two battery units are connected in series to form one battery unit, and voltage balancing is carried out on the two battery units in each battery unit; the two switches are arranged, and the voltage of the battery cells is balanced by using the inductor and the resistor, so that the problems that the voltage difference between the battery cells is too small and energy loss is caused in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a battery voltage equalization circuit provided in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the equalization process steps in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a second equalization process step in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the equalization process steps in one embodiment;
fig. 5 is a diagram of equalization process steps in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms unless otherwise specified. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first xx script may be referred to as a second xx script, and similarly, a second xx script may be referred to as a first xx script, without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, a battery voltage equalization circuit is provided, which is characterized in that the battery voltage equalization circuit includes a plurality of battery cells arranged in series and/or in parallel, and each battery cell includes two battery cells arranged in series;
each battery monomer is connected with a first switch and a second switch in parallel respectively, an inductor is arranged between the public ends of the two first switches and the public ends of the two battery monomers, and a resistor is arranged between the public ends of the two second switches and the public ends of the two battery monomers.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the first switch and the second switch are the same type of switch. When the pressure difference between two battery cells belonging to the same battery cell reaches a preset value, the electric quantity of the battery cell with high voltage is transferred to the battery cell with low voltage through the sequential opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch.
The scheme provided by the invention combines an active equalization method and a passive equalization method (only the equalization principle is adopted, but the non-equalization process is carried out actively or passively), the active equalization method utilizes inductance transfer to cause most of electric quantity of pressure difference, then the pressure difference is reduced, and then the passive equalization method consumes a small part of energy, so that the equalization of the battery cells is realized. Further, in the present application, the active equalization process and the passive equalization process may be performed separately, or may be performed in combination, preferably in combination, that is, only after active equalization, a small amount of electric power is consumed by passive equalization after the differential pressure is reduced, so that the passive equalization is limited, and the loss of electric power can be reduced.
According to the battery voltage balancing circuit provided by the invention, two battery units are connected in series to form one battery unit, and voltage balancing is carried out on the two battery units in each battery unit; the two switches are arranged, and the voltage of the battery cells is balanced by using the inductor and the resistor, so that the problems that the voltage difference between the battery cells is too small and energy loss is caused in the prior art are solved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first switch is provided with a diode, and the conducting direction of the diode is opposite to the discharging direction of the corresponding battery cell.
In the embodiment of the invention, the diode is arranged, so that the active discharge of the battery cell can be prevented, and the flowing direction of current is limited.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first switch and/or the second switch is a field effect transistor.
In the embodiment of the invention, the types of the first switch and the second switch are the same, but the specification can be determined according to the parameters of specific circuit components, and the embodiment of the invention is not particularly limited.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery voltage equalization circuit further includes a detection circuit for detecting a voltage difference between battery cells in the same battery cell to control the opening or closing of the first switch and/or the second switch.
In the embodiment of the invention, the detection circuit determines whether the first switch and/or the second switch are turned on or off by detecting the pressure difference between two battery monomers in the battery unit, for example, when detecting that the pressure difference between the two battery monomers reaches a preset value, the first switch is turned on to perform an active balancing process, the active balancing process is executed to reduce the voltage of the battery monomer with higher voltage, and when reducing to the set value, the first switch of the battery monomer with higher voltage is turned off, and the first switch of the battery monomer with lower voltage is turned on to transfer the electric quantity stored in the inductor to the battery monomer with lower voltage; and when the pressure difference of the two battery units reaches another set value, the second switch corresponding to the battery unit with higher current voltage is closed, so that the resistor consumes part of electric quantity, and the pressure difference of the two battery units is smaller. It should be noted that in this process, the battery cells with higher voltages are not necessarily the same, but are generally the same, which does not affect the implementation of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the invention, the detection circuit comprises a field effect tube, and a drain plate and a source electrode of the field effect tube are respectively connected to two ends of the battery cell.
In one embodiment of the invention, field effect transistors of adjacent cell detection circuits are arranged in series.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery voltage balancing method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the pressure difference between the battery cells in the battery cell;
judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
if the preset value is met, transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by utilizing the inductance energy storage;
the cell voltage difference is further reduced by using the resistor.
In the embodiment of the invention, partial electric quantity is transferred from a high-voltage battery cell to a low-voltage battery cell by utilizing inductive energy storage, and the process hardly consumes electric quantity; the voltage difference of the battery cells is further reduced by using the resistor, and the voltage difference is smaller at the moment due to the active equalization of the first round, so that the consumed electric quantity is reduced.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the transferring part of the electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by using the inductive energy storage specifically includes the following steps:
controlling the first switch to be conducted so that part of electric quantity of the battery monomer with high voltage is transferred into the inductor;
and controlling the first switch to be closed and the second switch to be conducted, so that the electric quantity stored in the inductor is transferred to the battery cell with low voltage.
In the embodiment of the invention, specifically, the first switch of the battery cell with high voltage is controlled to be turned on to transfer the electric quantity to the inductor, then the first switch of the battery cell with high voltage is controlled to be turned off, the first switch of the battery cell with low voltage is controlled to be turned on to transfer the electric quantity stored in the inductor to the battery cell with lower voltage, then the first switch of the battery cell with lower voltage is turned off, and at the moment, both the first switches are turned off. After that, the voltage difference between the two battery cells is reduced, and the second switch of the battery cell with higher voltage is turned on, so that part of electric quantity is consumed by the resistor, and the voltage difference between the two battery cells is further reduced.
The working of the invention is illustrated in the following by a specific example:
the invention intercepts one section of 4 battery monomer fragments in a serial module for example, and according to the scheme of the invention, every 2 battery monomers form a unit which is divided into 2 units, namely, battery monomer B n And B n+1 Series connection of n/2 th unit and cell B n+2 And B n+3 Forming (n/2) +1 th unit in series; the 2 battery cells of each unit share a fixed resistance value resistor as an equalizing resistor, and every 2 adjacent battery cells are connected in parallel with an inductor as an active equalizing inductor.
The specific equalization process of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the example of 2 cell segments consisting of these 4 cells in series, the n/2 th cell and the (n/2) +1 th cell. Now, the specific implementation of equalization will be described with the exception of a relatively high voltage of a certain cell. For example, assume cell B n The equalization step is as follows:
first step, MOS transistor Q n Conduction, diode D n Switch off and switch on the battery cell B n And inductance L n Battery cell B n Is stored in the inductor L n The current direction is shown in fig. 2.
Second step, MOS transistor Q n Turn-off, diode D n+1 Conducting and switching on battery cell B n+1 And inductance L n Inductance L n The electric quantity stored in the last step is transferred to the battery cell B n+1 The current direction is shown in fig. 3.
Third step, through the above first step and the second step for several times, battery cell B n Has a voltage higher than that of a batteryMonomer B n+1 The voltage difference between the two single batteries is small when the voltage difference is not too high, and if the inductance transfer electric quantity is used again, the efficiency is low. The inductance equalization is now turned off and the fixed resistance passive equalization is turned on.
Now let MOS tube Q n+1 Conduction, diode D n+1 And MOS tube Q n+2 At the same time turn off, turn on battery cell B n And a fixed resistor R k Fixed resistor R k Passive energy dissipation balancing is started. The current direction is shown in fig. 4.
Fourth step, monitoring the battery cell B n The voltage of the MOS transistor Q reaches the equalizing target value n+1 Turn-off, no current passes through the circuit, and the resistor R is fixed k Stop the equalization work, battery monomer B n Is completed. The circuit current state is shown in fig. 5.
The overall equalization strategy is that, when cell B n And B n+1 When the voltage difference is large, the inductance L connected in parallel with the voltage difference is utilized n Actively balancing and transferring electric quantity; then wait to actively balance to the current cell B n And B n+1 When the voltage difference is smaller, the active equalization is closed, and the MOS tube switch is opened by using a fixed resistor R connected in parallel with the MOS tube switch k Passive equalization is performed until equalization is complete.
The majority of the electricity transfer work between every two adjacent 2 battery cells is completed by inductance equalization, and the rest of the small part of the electricity of one battery cell with slightly higher voltage is completed by fixed resistance heating consumption.
Inductance L n Can realize battery cell B n And B n+1 Transfer of electric quantity between 2 cells in n/2 th unit formed by series connection, and inductance L n Cell B capable of being transferred by the n/2 th unit n+1 And (n/2) +1 th cell B n+1 The electric quantity between the two units realizes the energy transfer between the different units, thereby improving the balance efficiency.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery voltage equalization apparatus, including:
the differential pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the differential pressure between the battery cells in the battery unit;
a judging unit for judging whether the differential pressure meets a preset value;
the transfer unit is used for transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by utilizing the inductance energy storage if the preset value is met;
and the reducing unit is used for further reducing the voltage difference of the battery cells by using the resistor.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific implementation method of the balancing device refers to the process of the above battery voltage balancing method, and the embodiment of the present invention will not be repeated here.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides an energy storage system including:
the battery voltage equalization circuit according to the embodiment of the invention; and
and the battery management system is used for controlling the battery voltage balancing circuit to work so as to balance battery voltage difference.
In the embodiment of the invention, the battery voltage equalization circuit is applied to the energy storage system, so that the voltage of each battery unit of the energy storage system can be equalized, the pressure difference between the battery units is reduced, the energy storage system can work in an optimal state, and the performance of the battery energy storage system is fully utilized.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program for instructing relevant hardware, where the program may be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, may include processes in the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The battery voltage equalization circuit is characterized by comprising a plurality of battery units which are arranged in series and/or in parallel, wherein each battery unit comprises two battery cells which are arranged in series;
each battery monomer is connected with a first switch and a second switch in parallel respectively, an inductor is arranged between the public ends of the two first switches and the public ends of the two battery monomers, and a resistor is arranged between the public ends of the two second switches and the public ends of the two battery monomers.
2. The battery voltage equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein said first switch is provided with a diode, said diode having a conduction direction opposite to a discharge direction of a corresponding battery cell.
3. The battery voltage equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switch and/or the second switch is a field effect transistor.
4. The battery voltage equalization circuit of claim 1, further comprising a detection circuit for detecting a voltage differential between cells within the same cell to control the opening or closing of the first switch and/or the second switch.
5. The battery voltage equalization circuit of claim 4, wherein said detection circuit comprises a field effect transistor, wherein a drain and a source of said field effect transistor are connected to respective ends of a battery cell.
6. The battery voltage equalization circuit of claim 5, wherein field effect transistors of adjacent cell detection circuits are arranged in series.
7. A battery voltage equalizing method for a battery voltage equalizing circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
acquiring the pressure difference between the battery cells in the battery cell;
judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
if the preset value is met, transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by utilizing the inductance energy storage;
the cell voltage difference is further reduced by using the resistor.
8. The method for balancing battery voltage according to claim 7, wherein the transferring of a part of the electric power from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by using the inductive energy storage comprises the following steps:
controlling the first switch to be conducted so that part of electric quantity of the battery monomer with high voltage is transferred into the inductor;
and controlling the first switch to be closed and the second switch to be conducted, so that the electric quantity stored in the inductor is transferred to the battery cell with low voltage.
9. A battery voltage equalization apparatus, characterized in that the battery voltage equalization apparatus comprises:
the differential pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the differential pressure between the battery cells in the battery unit;
a judging unit for judging whether the differential pressure meets a preset value;
the transfer unit is used for transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by utilizing the inductance energy storage if the preset value is met;
and the reducing unit is used for further reducing the voltage difference of the battery cells by using the resistor.
10. An energy storage system, the energy storage system comprising:
the battery voltage equalization circuit according to any one of claims 1-6; and
and the battery management system is used for controlling the battery voltage balancing circuit to work so as to balance battery voltage difference.
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| CN114156981B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-07-18 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery module balance control circuit and method based on transformer |
| CN115276170B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2023-03-21 | 合肥华思系统有限公司 | Balanced adjustment method for high-efficiency energy-storage multi-battery-pack parallel circuit |
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| CN1489236A (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2004-04-14 | 北京交通大学 | Automatic balancing device for series storage battery |
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