CN114156981B - Battery module balance control circuit and method based on transformer - Google Patents

Battery module balance control circuit and method based on transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114156981B
CN114156981B CN202111464333.6A CN202111464333A CN114156981B CN 114156981 B CN114156981 B CN 114156981B CN 202111464333 A CN202111464333 A CN 202111464333A CN 114156981 B CN114156981 B CN 114156981B
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battery
unit
mos tube
module
tube switch
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CN114156981A (en
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尚德华
张伟
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Aopu Shanghai New Energy Co Ltd
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Aopu Shanghai New Energy Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery module balance control circuit and a method based on a transformer, wherein the battery module balance control circuit comprises i battery modules, an end part voltage transformation module and m parity voltage transformation modules; the battery module comprises m batteries which are sequentially connected in seriesA monomer; the end transformer module comprises an end secondary unit and a magnetic core T 2 And m end primary units; the parity transformation modules comprise i-1 unit transformation units; the unit transformation units all comprise unidirectional MOS tube switches Q 1 ～Q 2 Unidirectional MOS tube switch S 1 ～S 2 Primary winding N 1 Secondary winding N 2 And magnetic core T 1 . The invention realizes energy balance in an energy transfer mode, and almost no energy is lost in the balance process, thereby greatly improving the balance efficiency and the energy utilization rate of the battery, realizing the maximization of the battery capacity and prolonging the cycle service life of the battery pack.

Description

Battery module balance control circuit and method based on transformer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery module balance control circuit and method based on a transformer.
Background
At present, a common high-voltage battery pack is formed by combining a large number of battery cells in series-parallel connection, and in order to strengthen a structure and facilitate assembly, the battery cells are generally grouped into battery modules, and the battery modules are further combined to form the battery pack. With the current cell technology and manufacturing level, adopting a cell parallel structure at the same total voltage is an effective method for increasing the available capacity of the battery.
In the topology composition mode of the battery pack, the serial-parallel connection can be performed, the two topology forms are completely equivalent in performance, but have different safety performance, and the serial-parallel connection form is better in safety than the serial-parallel connection form, and can resist the influence of short circuit failure of single or multiple battery monomers. Meanwhile, when the same safety requirement is put forward to the level of the battery module, the more the number of single batteries in the battery module is, the more difficult the implementation is. Therefore, the technical requirements of the serial-parallel topology on the battery are also reduced.
The parallel connection of the battery cells has less influence of high impedance or open-circuit batteries in the parallel circuit of the battery cells than the series connection, but the parallel battery pack reduces the load capacity and shortens the running time; meanwhile, the damage caused by the short circuit of the parallel battery pack is greater because the battery cell that fails in the short circuit rapidly depletes the electric power in other battery cells, causing a fire.
For the topology structure of the parallel-serial connection, the biggest problem is that after the battery cells are repeatedly charged and discharged, voltage difference can occur in the same group of parallel battery cells due to the fact that a voltage balancing mechanism is not provided, the trend is gradually amplified, and the available capacity of the whole battery pack is finally affected.
In order to ensure that the performance of each battery cell is consistent when the battery cells are connected in series and parallel, the battery cell manufacturing enterprises need to ensure the consistency of the produced battery cells as much as possible. Inevitably, however, there will be more or less random inconsistencies in mass production. The inconsistency of the battery cells in the battery pack can have a significant impact on the usable capacity of the overall battery pack, and as the battery pack ages, the inconsistency has a greater impact on the battery pack. At this time, a battery equalization circuit is required to equalize the battery cells, and the equalization circuit has the function of reducing the influence of the inconsistency of the battery cells on the available capacity of the whole battery pack. When balancing the battery cells, all the battery cells of the same group with the same potential in parallel are regarded as one battery cell for balancing, and each battery cell cannot be balanced substantially.
As shown in fig. 1, the conventional scheme of the serial-first battery module is to connect i battery cells in parallel and then connect m strings in series to form the whole battery module. The battery module performs battery energy management with the battery management unit BMU and can perform cell balancing.
The battery management unit BMU can manage battery energy of the serial-parallel battery modules, and can balance electric energy of the battery cells, but both passive balance and active balance, all the parallel battery cells in the same group with the same potential are regarded as a whole for balancing, and each battery cell cannot be balanced, that is, the battery cell with the smallest internal resistance in the parallel battery cells with the same potential always bears the highest branch current and always bears the current greatly exceeding the design state, which is definitely dangerous.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects related to the background technology, the invention provides a battery module balance control circuit and a method based on a transformer, which can balance electric energy of each battery cell in a battery module.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the battery module balance control circuit based on the transformer comprises i battery modules, end part voltage transformation modules and m parity voltage transformation modules, wherein i and m are natural numbers greater than or equal to 2;
the battery module comprises m battery cells B which are sequentially connected in series 1 ～B m Battery cell B 1 Positive electrode of (a) and cell B 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
the end transformer module comprises an end secondary unit and a magnetic core T 2 And m end primary units;
the end secondary unit comprises a unidirectional MOS tube switch E, a unidirectional MOS tube switch F and a secondary winding N 4 Wherein the secondary winding N 4 One end of the second winding N is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch E and the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch F 4 And the other ends of the battery cells B in the i battery modules respectively 1 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch E is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch F and the battery monomers B in the i battery modules m Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
the end primary units comprise a unidirectional MOS tube switch U, a unidirectional MOS tube switch V and a primary winding N 3 ；
In the x-th end primary unit, primary winding N 3 One end of the primary winding N is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch U and the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch V 3 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch U is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch V and the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; x is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m;
primary winding N in each of the end primary units 3 All pass through the magnetic core T 2 And a secondary winding N 4 Form a transformer and the primary winding N 3 And a secondary windingN 4 The turns ratio of the winding coils of (a) is 1:m;
the parity transformation modules comprise i-1 unit transformation units; the unit transformation units all comprise unidirectional MOS tube switches Q 1 ～Q 2 Unidirectional MOS tube switch S 1 ～S 2 Primary winding N 1 Secondary winding N 2 And magnetic core T 1 ；
In the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module, the primary winding N 1 One end of (a) is respectively connected with the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 Source electrode of (C), unidirectional MOS transistor switch S 1 Is connected with the drain of the primary winding N 1 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the y-th battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 Drain electrodes of (a) and a unidirectional MOS tube switch S respectively 1 The source electrode of (a), the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; primary winding N 2 One end of (a) is respectively connected with the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Source electrode of (C), unidirectional MOS transistor switch S 2 Is connected with the drain of the primary winding N 2 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the y+1th battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Drain electrodes of (a) and a unidirectional MOS tube switch S respectively 2 The (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; primary winding N 1 Through the magnetic core T 1 And a secondary winding N 2 Form a transformer and the primary winding N 1 And a secondary winding N 2 The winding coil turns ratio of (1) is 1:1; y is a natural number of 1 or more and i-1 or less.
The invention also discloses a driving method of the unit transformation unit of the battery module balance control circuit based on the transformer, which comprises the following steps:
when the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is higher than the x-th battery cell B in the y+1th battery module x Voltage of (2):
step A.1), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q thereof to be turned on 1 On-one-way MOS tube switch S 1 Closing, at this time, the x-th battery cell B in the y-th battery module x Primary winding N of y unit transformer unit of x parity transformer module 1 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch Q of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 1 ；
Step A.2), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch S of the y unit transformer unit to work 2 Conduction and unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Closing, at this time, the primary winding N of the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module 1 Coupled to the secondary winding N 2 And the secondary winding N 2 For the x-th battery cell B in the y+1-th battery module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch S of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 2 ；
Step A.3), repeating the steps A.1) to A.2) until the xth battery cell B in the yth battery module x The voltage of the (2) and the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x The difference in voltage of (2) is less than a preset error threshold;
when the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is lower than the voltage of the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Voltage of (2):
step B.1), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch S of the y unit transformer unit to work 2 Conduction and unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Closing, at this time, the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Secondary winding N of the y-th unit transformer unit of the x-th parity transformer module 2 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch S of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 2 ；
Step B.2), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q thereof 1 On-one-way MOS tube switch S 1 Closing, at this time, the secondary winding N of the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module 2 Coupled to its primary winding N 1 And the primary winding N 1 For the x-th battery cell B in the y-th battery module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch Q of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 1 ；
Step B.3), repeating the steps B.1) to B.2) until the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x The voltage of the (B) and the (B) cell of the (B) cell module x The difference in voltage of (2) is less than a preset error threshold.
The invention also discloses a driving method of the end transformer module of the transformer-based battery module balance control circuit, which comprises the following steps:
when the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is greater than the voltage of other battery cells in the 1 st battery module and the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is greater than the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 2 nd battery module:
step C.1), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch U of the primary unit at the xth end to be conducted, and controlling the one-way MOS tube switch V to be closed to connect the xth battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x And the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Forming a current path such that the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 In the working mode, at this time, the (x) th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x For the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch U of the primary unit at the x-th end after the charging is finished;
step C.2), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch F of the end secondary unit to be conducted and the one-way MOS tube switch E to be closed, wherein all the parallel battery modules and the secondary winding N are connected in parallel 4 Forming a current path, in which the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 Secondary winding N coupled to end secondary unit 4 In the secondary winding N 4 Charging all the parallel battery modules, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch F of the end secondary unit after the charging is finished;
step C.3), weightAnd executing the steps C.1) to C.2) again until the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x The voltage of (2) is equal to a preset voltage value;
when the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is smaller than the voltage of other battery cells in the 1 st battery module and the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is smaller than the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 2 nd battery module:
step D.1), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch E of the end secondary unit to be conducted, controlling the one-way MOS tube switch F to be closed, and enabling all the parallel battery modules to be connected with the secondary winding N in parallel 4 Forming a current path, at this time, all the parallel battery modules are connected to the secondary winding N of the end secondary unit 4 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch E of the end secondary unit after the charging is finished;
step D.2), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch V of the primary unit at the xth end to be conducted, and controlling the one-way MOS tube switch U to be closed to connect the xth battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x And the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Forming a current path such that the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 In an operating mode, in which case the secondary winding N of the end secondary unit 4 A primary winding N coupled to the x-th end primary unit 3 In the x-th end primary unit, primary winding N 3 For the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch V of the primary unit at the x-th end after the charging is finished;
step D.3), repeating the steps D.1) to D.2) until the (x) th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is equal to a preset voltage value.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
1. compared with the prior battery module serial-parallel-serial scheme, the scheme of the invention adopts the serial-parallel-serial mode, is better in safety than the serial-parallel-serial mode, and can resist the short circuit failure influence of single or multiple battery monomers;
2. compared with the prior battery module serial-parallel scheme, when the same safety requirement is provided for the module level, the more the number of the battery cells in the battery module is, the more the difficulty of realization is, and the scheme of the invention adopts the serial-parallel mode, so that the serial safety problem caused by the increase of the number of the battery cells can be essentially perfectly solved;
3. when the equalization of the battery cells is carried out, all the battery cells connected in parallel in the same group are regarded as one battery cell to be equalized, and each battery cell cannot be equalized in practice;
4. the existing battery module is in a serial-parallel-serial scheme, so that the consistency requirement on all battery monomers connected in parallel in the same group is high, and the scheme of the invention adopts a serial-parallel-serial mode, so that the consistency requirement on the battery monomers is greatly reduced;
5. in the circuit control scheme of the invention, the electric energy balance between all the battery monomers and between the battery monomers and the whole parallel PACK is realized in an energy transfer mode, and almost no energy is lost in the balance process, so that the balance efficiency and the energy utilization rate of the battery are greatly improved, the maximization of the battery capacity is realized, and the cycle service life of the battery PACK is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a prior art serial-first and serial-second battery module circuit scheme;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a battery module P 1 Battery cell B 1 Part of the electrical energy stored in the primary winding N 1 A current pattern in (a);
FIG. 4 is a primary winding N 1 Is transferred to and stored in the battery module P 2 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Is a current pattern of (a);
fig. 5 is a battery module P 1 Battery cell B 1 Part of the electrical energy storage of (a)Stored in primary winding N 3 A current pattern in (a);
FIG. 6 is a primary winding N 3 A current pattern stored in the entire parallel battery PACK;
FIG. 7 is a partial electrical energy transfer storage of the parallel battery PACK to the transformer secondary winding N 4 A current pattern in (a);
FIG. 8 is a primary winding N 3 Is transferred to and stored in the battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (2) 1 Is a current pattern of (a).
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the components are exaggerated for clarity.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components and/or sections, these elements, components and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, and/or section from another. Accordingly, a first element, component, and/or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
The serial-parallel-serial mode of the battery module is better in safety than the serial-parallel-serial mode, and can resist the short circuit failure influence of single or multiple battery cells. Meanwhile, when the same safety requirement is put forward to the level of the battery module, the more the number of single batteries in the battery module is, the more difficult the implementation is.
According to the scheme of the balance control circuit of the parallel transformer of the battery module, the battery module adopts a serial-to-parallel topology structure, and can balance electric energy of each battery cell in the battery module.
With one battery module P consisting of i 1 ～P i Parallel connectionThe PACK is composed of i battery modules P 1 ～P i Each battery module is formed by connecting battery monomers B in parallel 1 ～B m The specific implementation circuit diagram of the scheme of the battery module parallel transformer equalization control circuit is shown in fig. 2, and comprises i battery modules, an end part transformation module and m parity transformation modules, wherein i and m are natural numbers greater than or equal to 2;
the battery module comprises m battery cells B which are sequentially connected in series 1 ～B m Battery cell B 1 Positive electrode of (a) and cell B 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
the end transformer module comprises an end secondary unit and a magnetic core T 2 And m end primary units;
the end secondary unit comprises a unidirectional MOS tube switch E, a unidirectional MOS tube switch F and a secondary winding N 4 Wherein the secondary winding N 4 One end of the second winding N is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch E and the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch F 4 And the other ends of the battery cells B in the i battery modules respectively 1 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch E is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch F and the battery monomers B in the i battery modules m Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
the end primary units comprise a unidirectional MOS tube switch U, a unidirectional MOS tube switch V and a primary winding N 3 ；
In the x-th end primary unit, primary winding N 3 One end of the primary winding N is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch U and the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch V 3 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch U is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch V and the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; x is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m;
primary winding N in each of the end primary units 3 All pass through the magnetic core T 2 And a secondary winding N 4 Form a transformer and the primary winding N 3 And a secondary winding N 4 The turns ratio of the winding coils of (a) is 1:m;
the parity transformation modules comprise i-1 unit transformation units; the unit transformation units all comprise unidirectional MOS tube switches Q 1 ～Q 2 Unidirectional MOS tube switch S 1 ～S 2 Primary winding N 1 Secondary winding N 2 And magnetic core T 1 ；
In the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module, the primary winding N 1 One end of (a) is respectively connected with the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 Source electrode of (C), unidirectional MOS transistor switch S 1 Is connected with the drain of the primary winding N 1 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the y-th battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 Drain electrodes of (a) and a unidirectional MOS tube switch S respectively 1 The source electrode of (a), the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; primary winding N 2 One end of (a) is respectively connected with the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Source electrode of (C), unidirectional MOS transistor switch S 2 Is connected with the drain of the primary winding N 2 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the y+1th battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Drain electrodes of (a) and a unidirectional MOS tube switch S respectively 2 The (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; primary winding N 1 Through the magnetic core T 1 And a secondary winding N 2 Form a transformer and the primary winding N 1 And a secondary winding N 2 The winding coil turns ratio of (1) is 1:1; y is a natural number of 1 or more and i-1 or less.
The control circuit commands and coordinates the working steps of all elements in the battery module parallel balance control circuit scheme. The control circuit can control the combination and the on-off of all the unidirectional MOS tube switches and overall working logic among the unidirectional MOS tube switches, can receive and monitor the working state information of the whole parallel battery PACK, process and judge the received information, finally make action decisions and execute decision instructions through the on-off of the unidirectional MOS tube switches.
The equalization principle of the circuit is that the energy transfer equalization of the same potential parallel battery cells among the series modules is completed by utilizing the battery cell transformer units, and the energy transfer equalization between the battery cells and the battery modules is completed by utilizing the battery parallel module transformer units.
The invention also discloses a driving method of the unit transformation unit of the battery module balance control circuit based on the transformer, which comprises the following steps:
when the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is higher than the x-th battery cell B in the y+1th battery module x Voltage of (2):
step A.1), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q thereof to be turned on 1 On-one-way MOS tube switch S 1 Closing, at this time, the x-th battery cell B in the y-th battery module x Primary winding N of y unit transformer unit of x parity transformer module 1 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch Q of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 1 ；
Step A.2), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch S of the y unit transformer unit to work 2 Conduction and unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Closing, at this time, the primary winding N of the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module 1 Coupled to the secondary winding N 2 And the secondary winding N 2 For the x-th battery cell B in the y+1-th battery module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch S of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 2 ；
Step A.3), repeating the steps A.1) to A.2) until the xth battery cell B in the yth battery module x The voltage of the (2) and the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x The difference in voltage of (2) is less than a preset error threshold;
when the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is lower than the voltage of the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Voltage of (2):
step B.1), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch S of the y unit transformer unit to work 2 Conduction and unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Closing, at this time, the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Secondary winding N of the y-th unit transformer unit of the x-th parity transformer module 2 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch S of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 2 ；
Step B.2), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q thereof 1 On-one-way MOS tube switch S 1 Closing, at this time, the secondary winding N of the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module 2 Coupled to its primary winding N 1 And the primary winding N 1 For the x-th battery cell B in the y-th battery module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch Q of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 1 ；
Step B.3), repeating the steps B.1) to B.2) until the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x The voltage of the (B) and the (B) cell of the (B) cell module x The difference in voltage of (2) is less than a preset error threshold.
The invention also discloses a driving method of the end transformer module of the transformer-based battery module balance control circuit, which comprises the following steps:
when the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is greater than the voltage of other battery cells in the 1 st battery module and the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is greater than the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 2 nd battery module:
step C.1), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch U of the primary unit at the xth end to be conducted, and controlling the one-way MOS tube switch V to be closed to connect the xth battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x And the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Forming a current path such that the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 In the working mode, at this time, the (x) th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x For the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch U of the primary unit at the x-th end after the charging is finished;
step C.2), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch F of the end secondary unit to be conducted and the one-way MOS tube switch E to be closed, wherein all the parallel battery modules and the secondary winding N are connected in parallel 4 Forming a current path, in which the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 Secondary winding N coupled to end secondary unit 4 In the secondary winding N 4 Charging all the parallel battery modules, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch F of the end secondary unit after the charging is finished;
step C.3), repeating the steps C.1) to C.2) until the (x) th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x The voltage of (2) is equal to a preset voltage value;
when the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is smaller than the voltage of other battery cells in the 1 st battery module and the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is smaller than the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 2 nd battery module:
step D.1), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch E of the end secondary unit to be conducted, controlling the one-way MOS tube switch F to be closed, and enabling all the parallel battery modules to be connected with the secondary winding N in parallel 4 Forming a current path, at this time, all the parallel battery modules are connected to the secondary winding N of the end secondary unit 4 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch E of the end secondary unit after the charging is finished;
step D.2), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch V of the primary unit at the xth end to be conducted, and controlling the one-way MOS tube switch U to be closed to connect the xth battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x And the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Forming a current path such that the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 In an operating mode, in which case the secondary winding N of the end secondary unit 4 A primary winding N coupled to the x-th end primary unit 3 In the x-th end primary unit, primary winding N 3 For the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch V of the primary unit at the x-th end after the charging is finished;
step D.3), repeating the steps D.1) to D.2) until the (x) th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is equal to a preset voltage value.
The specific implementation steps of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the energy transfer equalization process of the battery cells and the battery modules in the PACK:
1. in the first case, the energy transfer between the cells is balanced.
Assume that the battery module P in all the battery cells at the same potential in all the parallel battery modules 1 B in (B) 1 Voltage value of B in other battery modules 1 The voltage value of (2) is high, that is, battery module P 1 Middle battery cell B 1 Is higher, and requires that it be distributed to other cells than to other cells.
Battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Is transferred to the neighboring battery module P 2 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Is a kind of medium. The 1 st unit voltage transformation unit of the 1 st parity voltage transformation module is controlled to work, and the electric energy transfer steps are as follows:
step 1, battery Module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 Conducting and switching on battery cell B 1 Primary winding N balanced with a transformer connected in series therewith 1 Battery cell B 1 And transformer primary winding N 1 Forming a current path, primary winding N of transformer 1 And starts to be in the working mode. Along with battery cell B 1 For primary winding N 1 Charging proceeds with primary winding N 1 The current of the MOS transistor is gradually increased to peak current, and the unidirectional MOS transistor switch Q is closed at the moment 1 . Such battery cell B 1 Part of the energy of the transformer is transferred to the primary winding N 1 Is a kind of medium.
Battery module P 1 Battery cell B 1 Part of (2)Electric energy is stored in primary winding N 1 The direction of the current in (a) is shown in figure 3.
Step 2, after the electric energy transfer in the step 1, the primary winding N of the transformer is used 1 Voltage value at both ends and battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Is considerably higher than the adjacent battery modules P 2 Middle battery cell B 1 Is provided with a primary winding N 1 The internally stored electric energy is transferred to the battery module P 2 Middle battery cell B 1 Is a condition of (2).
The unidirectional MOS tube switch S is controlled by the control circuit 2 Conduction and battery module P 2 Battery cell B of (a) 1 With the secondary winding N of the transformer 2 Forming a current path such that the primary winding N of the transformer 1 The stored energy after step 1 is coupled to the secondary winding N of the transformer 2 In the secondary winding N of the transformer 2 And starts to be in the working mode. With the secondary winding N of the transformer 2 To battery module P 2 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Charging proceeds, secondary winding N 2 The electric energy of (2) is gradually lightened, the current is gradually reduced from the peak current to zero, and at the moment, the relay unidirectional MOS tube switch S is closed 2 . The primary winding N of such a transformer 1 The electric energy of (2) is transferred to and stored in the battery module P 2 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Is a kind of medium.
Primary winding N of transformer 1 Is transferred to and stored in the adjacent battery module P 2 Battery cell B of (a) 1 The current direction of (2) is shown in figure 4.
Step 3, through the electric energy transfer of the step 1 and the step 2, the battery module P can be assembled 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Specific battery module P 2 Battery cell B of (a) 1 More electric energy is transferred to the battery module P in half 2 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Thereby eventually making the electric energy stored by the two battery cells consistent and the voltages substantially equal.
The electric energy of the battery cells between the battery modules can be completed through the similar steps of the steps 1 to 3Transferring; similarly, all the series battery modules P in the parallel PACK 1 ～P i All the same potential battery cells of the battery PACK can be subjected to direct electric energy transfer between the battery cells among adjacent battery modules through the battery cell transformer unit, and then all the series battery modules P in the parallel PACK can be finally achieved through indirect electric energy transfer between the battery cells among the non-adjacent battery modules 1 ～P i The electric energy of all the same potential battery cells is consistent.
2. In the second case, energy transfer between the battery cells and the parallel battery modules.
1) Assume that battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 The voltage value of (a) is higher than that of the battery module P 1 The voltage values of other battery cells in the battery pack are all high and are simultaneously higher than those of the adjacent battery modules P 2 Middle battery cell B 1 The voltage value of (2) is also high, in which case the excess electrical energy can be transferred directly to the entire parallel battery PACK.
The electric energy transfer steps are as follows:
step 1, controlling the one-way MOS transistor switch U of the primary unit at the x-th end to be conducted, and switching on the battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (2) 1 Primary winding N balanced with a transformer connected in series therewith 3 Battery cell B 1 And transformer primary winding N 3 Forming a current path, primary winding N of transformer 3 And starts to be in the working mode. With battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (2) 1 For primary winding N 3 Charging proceeds with primary winding N 3 Gradually increasing to peak current, and closing the unidirectional MOS transistor switch U of the primary unit at the x-th end. Such battery cell B 1 Part of the energy of the transformer is transferred to the primary winding N 3 Is a kind of medium.
Battery module P 1 Battery cell B 1 Part of the electrical energy stored in the primary winding N 3 The current direction in (a) is shown in fig. 5.
Step 2, after the electric energy transfer in the step 1, the primary winding N of the transformer is used 3 Voltage value at both ends and battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Is equivalent to the above.
The unidirectional MOS tube switch F is conducted through the control circuit, and the whole parallel battery PACK and the secondary winding N of the transformer 4 Forming a current path such that the primary winding N of the transformer 3 The stored energy after step 1 is coupled to the secondary winding N of the transformer 4 In the secondary winding N of the transformer 4 And starts to be in the working mode. With the secondary winding N of the transformer 4 Charging the entire parallel battery PACK, secondary winding N 4 The electric energy of the transistor is gradually lightened, the current is gradually reduced from the peak current to zero, and the relay unidirectional MOS transistor switch F is closed at the moment. The primary winding N of such a transformer 3 The electric energy of (a) is transferred and stored into all the battery modules in the whole parallel battery PACK.
Primary winding N of transformer 3 The direction of the current stored in the entire parallel battery PACK is shown in fig. 6.
Step 3, through the electric energy transfer of the step 1 and the step 2, the battery module P can be assembled 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Excess electric energy is transferred and distributed to the parallel battery PACK, so that the battery module P is finally enabled 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 The stored electrical energy reaches a target value.
2) Assume that battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 The voltage value of (a) is higher than that of the battery module P 1 The voltage values of other battery cells in the battery pack are all low and are simultaneously lower than those of the adjacent battery modules P 2 Middle battery cell B 1 The voltage value of (2) is also low, and the electric energy of the whole parallel battery PACK can be directly transferred to the battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 。
The electric energy transfer steps are as follows:
step 1, a unidirectional MOS tube switch E is conducted through a control circuit, and the whole parallel battery PACK and a secondary winding N of a transformer are connected 4 Forming a current path, a transformer secondary winding N 4 And starts to be in the working mode. With the whole parallel battery PACK facing the secondary winding N 4 Charging proceeds, secondary winding N 4 The current of the one-way MOS transistor switch E is gradually increased to the peak current, and then the one-way MOS transistor switch E is closed. So that part of the electric energy of the whole parallel battery PACK is transferred and stored to the secondary winding N of the transformer 4 Is a kind of medium.
Part of the electric energy of the parallel battery PACK is transferred and stored to the secondary winding N of the transformer 4 The current direction in (a) is shown in fig. 7.
Step 2, after the electric energy transfer in the step 1, the secondary winding N of the transformer is used 4 The voltage values of the two ends are equivalent to the voltage value of the whole parallel battery PACK.
The unidirectional MOS tube switch V of the x-th end primary unit is conducted by a control circuit to switch on the battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (2) 1 Primary winding N balanced with a transformer connected in series therewith 3 Battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (2) 1 And transformer primary winding N 3 Forming a current path such that the secondary winding N of the transformer 4 The stored energy after step 1 is coupled to the primary winding N of the transformer 3 In the primary winding N of the transformer 3 And starts to be in the working mode. With the primary winding N of the transformer 3 To battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 Is charged by primary winding N 3 The power of the primary unit is gradually discharged, the current gradually decreases from the peak current to zero, and the unidirectional MOS transistor switch V of the primary unit at the next x end is closed. The primary winding N of such a transformer 3 The electric energy of (2) is transferred to and stored in the battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (2) 1 Is a kind of medium.
Primary winding N of transformer 3 Is transferred to and stored in the battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (2) 1 The current direction in (a) is shown in fig. 8.
Step 3, through the electric energy transfer of the step 1 and the step 2, the electric energy of the whole parallel battery PACK can be transferred and distributed to the battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (2) 1 Thereby finally making the battery module P 1 Battery cell B of (a) 1 The stored electrical energy reaches a target value.
3. Energy balance total strategy
All series battery modules P in the parallel PACK can be made by using the single battery transformer unit 1 ～P i Electric energy transfer among all battery monomers with the same potential finally reaches all serial battery modules P in parallel PACK 1 ～P i Electric energy consistency of all the same potential battery cells; the series battery module P can be made by using the parallel battery module transformer unit 1 Electric energy transfer between all battery monomers and the whole parallel PACK is finally achieved to achieve a serial battery module P 1 Electric energy consistency among all battery monomers; through the cooperation work of the battery cell transformer unit and the battery parallel module transformer unit, each battery cell in the parallel PACK can obtain electric energy transfer balance.
All electric energy in the control circuit scheme is balanced by an energy transfer mode, and almost no energy is lost in the balancing process, so that the battery balancing efficiency and the energy utilization rate are greatly improved, the battery capacity maximization can be realized, and the cycle service life of the battery pack is prolonged.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The battery module balance control circuit based on the transformer is characterized by comprising i battery modules, an end part voltage transformation module and m identical voltage transformation modules, wherein i and m are natural numbers greater than or equal to 2;
the battery module comprises m battery cells B which are sequentially connected in series 1 ～B m Battery cell B 1 Positive electrode of (a) and cell B 2 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery;
the end transformer module comprises an end secondary unit and a magnetic core T 2 And m end primary units;
the end secondary unit comprises a unidirectional MOS tube switch E, a unidirectional MOS tube switch F and a secondary winding N 4 Wherein the secondary winding N 4 One end of the second winding N is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch E and the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch F 4 And the other ends of the battery cells B in the i battery modules respectively 1 Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch E is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch F and the battery monomers B in the i battery modules m Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery;
the end primary units comprise a unidirectional MOS tube switch U, a unidirectional MOS tube switch V and a primary winding N 3 ；
In the x-th end primary unit, primary winding N 3 One end of the primary winding N is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch U and the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch V 3 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; the drain electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch U is respectively connected with the source electrode of the unidirectional MOS tube switch V and the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; x is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m;
primary winding N in each of the end primary units 3 All pass through the magnetic core T 2 And a secondary winding N 4 Form a transformer and the primary winding N 3 And a secondary winding N 4 The turns ratio of the winding coils of (a) is 1:m;
the parity transformation modules comprise i-1 unit transformation units;the unit transformation units all comprise unidirectional MOS tube switches Q 1 ～Q 2 Unidirectional MOS tube switch S 1 ～S 2 Primary winding N 1 Secondary winding N 2 And magnetic core T 1 ；
In the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module, the primary winding N 1 One end of (a) is respectively connected with the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 Source electrode of (C), unidirectional MOS transistor switch S 1 Is connected with the drain of the primary winding N 1 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the y-th battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 1 Drain electrodes of (a) and a unidirectional MOS tube switch S respectively 1 The source electrode of (a), the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; primary winding N 2 One end of (a) is respectively connected with the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Source electrode of (C), unidirectional MOS transistor switch S 2 Is connected with the drain of the primary winding N 2 The other end of (2) and the x-th battery cell B in the y+1th battery module x Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Drain electrodes of (a) and a unidirectional MOS tube switch S respectively 2 The (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; primary winding N 1 Through the magnetic core T 1 And a secondary winding N 2 Form a transformer and the primary winding N 1 And a secondary winding N 2 The winding coil turns ratio of (1) is 1:1; y is a natural number of 1 or more and i-1 or less.
2. The method for driving a unit transformation unit based on the transformer-based battery module balance control circuit according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
when the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is higher than the x-th battery cell B in the y+1th battery module x Voltage of (2):
step A.1), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q thereof to be turned on 1 On-one-way MOS tube switch S 1 Closing, at this time, the x-th battery cell B in the y-th battery module x Primary winding N of y unit transformer unit of x parity transformer module 1 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch Q of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 1 ；
Step A.2), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch S of the y unit transformer unit to work 2 Conduction and unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Closing, at this time, the primary winding N of the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module 1 Coupled to the secondary winding N 2 And the secondary winding N 2 For the x-th battery cell B in the y+1-th battery module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch S of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 2 ；
Step A.3), repeating the steps A.1) to A.2) until the xth battery cell B in the yth battery module x The voltage of the (2) and the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x The difference in voltage of (2) is less than a preset error threshold;
when the x battery cell B in the y battery module x Is lower than the voltage of the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Voltage of (2):
step B.1), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch S of the y unit transformer unit to work 2 Conduction and unidirectional MOS tube switch Q 2 Closing, at this time, the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x Secondary winding N of the y-th unit transformer unit of the x-th parity transformer module 2 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch S of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 2 ；
Step B.2), driving the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module to work so as to enable the unidirectional MOS tube switch Q thereof 1 On-one-way MOS tube switch S 1 Closing, at this time, the secondary winding N of the y unit transformer unit of the x parity transformer module 2 Coupled to its primary winding N 1 And the primary winding N 1 For the y-th batteryX-th battery cell B in module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch Q of a y unit voltage transformation unit of the x parity voltage transformation module after charging is completed 1 ；
Step B.3), repeating the steps B.1) to B.2) until the (x) th battery cell B in the (y+1) th battery module x The voltage of the (B) and the (B) cell of the (B) cell module x The difference in voltage of (2) is less than a preset error threshold.
3. The method for driving an end transformer module based on the transformer-based battery module balance control circuit according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
when the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is greater than the voltage of other battery cells in the 1 st battery module and the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is greater than the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 2 nd battery module:
step C.1), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch U of the primary unit at the xth end to be conducted, and controlling the one-way MOS tube switch V to be closed to connect the xth battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x And the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Forming a current path such that the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 In the working mode, at this time, the (x) th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x For the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch U of the primary unit at the x-th end after the charging is finished;
step C.2), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch F of the end secondary unit to be conducted and the one-way MOS tube switch E to be closed, wherein all the parallel battery modules and the secondary winding N are connected in parallel 4 Forming a current path, in which the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 Secondary winding N coupled to end secondary unit 4 In the secondary winding N 4 Charging all the parallel battery modules, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch F of the end secondary unit after the charging is finished;
step C.3), repeating steps C.1) to C.2) untilThe (x) th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x The voltage of (2) is equal to a preset voltage value;
when the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is smaller than the voltage of other battery cells in the 1 st battery module and the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 1 st battery module is smaller than the voltage of the x-th battery cell in the 2 nd battery module:
step D.1), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch E of the end secondary unit to be conducted, controlling the one-way MOS tube switch F to be closed, and enabling all the parallel battery modules to be connected with the secondary winding N in parallel 4 Forming a current path, at this time, all the parallel battery modules are connected to the secondary winding N of the end secondary unit 4 Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch E of the end secondary unit after the charging is finished;
step D.2), controlling the one-way MOS tube switch V of the primary unit at the xth end to be conducted, and controlling the one-way MOS tube switch U to be closed to connect the xth battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x And the primary winding N of the x-th end primary unit 3 Forming a current path such that the primary winding N of the xth end primary unit 3 In an operating mode, in which case the secondary winding N of the end secondary unit 4 A primary winding N coupled to the x-th end primary unit 3 In the x-th end primary unit, primary winding N 3 For the x-th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Charging, and closing a unidirectional MOS tube switch V of the primary unit at the x-th end after the charging is finished;
step D.3), repeating the steps D.1) to D.2) until the (x) th battery cell B in the 1 st battery module x Is equal to a preset voltage value.
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