CN107294174A - Equalizing circuit structure and method between a kind of battery cell and battery pack - Google Patents
Equalizing circuit structure and method between a kind of battery cell and battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN107294174A CN107294174A CN201710612960.7A CN201710612960A CN107294174A CN 107294174 A CN107294174 A CN 107294174A CN 201710612960 A CN201710612960 A CN 201710612960A CN 107294174 A CN107294174 A CN 107294174A
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- battery
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- battery cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
Equalizing circuit structure and method between a kind of battery cell and battery pack, structure includes more than two battery cells, all battery cells are connected in series, each battery cell switch in parallel, one group is constituted per adjacent m battery cell, coupled using transformer normal shock, each group is connected with integral battery door group using transformer flyback, form a module；Method is to be shifted between battery modules and integral battery door group energy using transformer flyback principle, meanwhile, m battery realizes the transfer of energy under the effect of transformer normal shock in same module；The present invention reduces the quantity of switching tube and coil windings while good portfolio effect is ensured, reduces infrastructure cost；The combination of Forward- flyback principle is realized simultaneously, improves balancing speed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cell balancing field, equalizing circuit structure between a kind of battery cell especially set out and battery pack
With method.
Background technology
With environmental pollution and the continuous aggravation of energy crisis, electric automobile is so that its environmental pollution is small, energy utilization rate is high
The advantages of receive significant attention.Battery is played vital as the energy source of electric car in electric automobile running
Effect, while battery problems are always one of bottleneck of electric automobile, difficulty has compared with quantum jump in a short time.How in prior art bar
Under part, the effect of battery is largely played as far as possible turns into the emphasis that battery technology is studied.
In production process, there is the differences such as production technology, material in battery cell；In placement process, battery cell is certainly put
Electric rate there are difference；During use, battery is influenceed and had differences by operating ambient temperature and circuit etc..In above-mentioned factor
Under the influence of, under long-time charge status, battery cell will be in imbalance.The imbalance of battery will cause electricity
Monomer, which is overcharged or crossed, in pond group whole volume decline, battery pack puts, and damages battery life.
Cell balancing is exactly, using the difference between certain topological structure and control method elimination battery, to make at battery
In equilibrium state.More or less there is certain defect in existing balancing technique.It is passive balanced using dissipative element that battery is more
The form of remaining energy heat energy dissipates, although simple in construction but easily cause larger energy loss, and equalization efficiency is relatively low, heat pipe
Manage difficulty big；Energy flow can only be realized between adjacent cell monomer with buck-boost balancing principles, in non-conterminous electricity
When needing equilibrium between pond, equalization efficiency and speed need to be influenceed through multiple intermediate conversion；Transformer Forward- flyback principle realize battery with
Equilibrium between battery pack, wherein, single winding transformer synchronization only one of which cell carry out it is balanced, time for balance compared with
It is long, and open the light that pipe quantity is more, cost accordingly increases；Multiwinding transformer all coils are coupled, transformer size
Huge, design is complicated；Multiple transformers set a dedicated transformer to each battery, and balanced, transformation is carried out between battery pack
Device quantity is more, magnetic loss increase, cost increase.
In summary, the relatively passive equilibrium of active equalization is more saved.However, in actual applications, active equalization is due to big
The reasons such as component, complicated control are measured, are not widely used.Nowadays, active equalization use cost how is reduced
Key as research.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to propose between a kind of battery cell and battery pack
Equalizing circuit structure and method, while good portfolio effect is ensured, reduce the quantity of switching tube and coil windings, reduction
Infrastructure cost；The combination of Forward- flyback principle is realized simultaneously, improves balancing speed.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
Equalizing circuit structure between a kind of battery cell and battery pack, including more than two battery cell C, transformer T, open
Close MOSFETM, all battery cell CijIt is connected in series, i=1~n, j=1~m, each battery cell C switch in parallel
MOSFET Mij, per adjacent m battery cell constitute one group, m=2,3 ..., using transformer T normal shocks coupling, each group with it is whole
Body battery pack is connected using transformer T flybacks, forms a module.
Described transformer T is formed by m+1 bursts of winding techniques, wherein m bursts of coiling in the same direction, realizes normal shock function；Residue one
Stock is oppositely wound, realizes flyback function.
Described switch MOSFET MijFor N-channel MOS FET, or it is P-channel MOSFET.
The equalization methods of equalizing circuit structure, comprise the following steps between described battery cell and battery pack：
The first step, constitutes a module by adjacent m battery in battery pack, is divided into n groups；
Second step, is detected using voltage sensor, current sensor to voltage, the electric current of each module；
3rd step, estimates the mean state of each battery modules and whole battery pack；
4th step, obtains one group of needs battery in a balanced way, is carried out between battery modules and integral battery door group balanced；
5th step, judge need in a balanced way battery modules average energy whether be higher than integral battery door group average energy；
6th step, if battery modules average energy is higher than the average energy of integral battery door group, battery modules are to entirety
Battery power discharge；If battery modules average energy is less than the average energy of integral battery door group, integral battery door group is to battery mould
Group charging；
It is delayed a period of time after 7th step, equilibrium, returns to second step and continue executing with.
Described acquisition needs the method for balancing battery module to be based on voltage method, based on SOC methods or based on residue
Electricity method is chosen.
The step of described battery modules are discharged to integral battery door group be：
The first step, is closed in the battery modules of high energy the switch MOSFET corresponding to battery cell, now, battery mould
Battery cell, the switch MOSFET of conducting and transformer T first side windings formation closed circuit state in group, battery modules will
Energy storage is in transformer T windings；
Second step, simultaneously switches off the corresponding switch MOSFET of battery cell in the battery modules of high energy, will be deposited in transformer T
The energy of storage is discharged to whole battery pack.
The step of described integral battery door group charges to battery modules be：
The first step, closes the switch MOSFET corresponding to the battery modules Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer of low energy, integral battery door group, opens
MOSFET and transformer T secondary side windings formation closed circuit are closed, battery pack releases energy to transformer T windings；
Second step, disconnects the switch MOSFET corresponding to the battery modules transformer T secondary sides of low energy, by transformer T
The energy transfer of storage to low energy battery modules.
In balancing procedure, because in same module battery, the corresponding transformer normal shock of m cell is coupled, therefore
When the corresponding switch of cell is simultaneously turned in required battery modules in a balanced way, energy is shifted between m cell, with
Reach poised state.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention is between battery modules and integral battery door group, the coupling of transformer flyback；In same battery modules, transformer
Normal shock is coupled, and therefore, transformer normal shock is combined with flyback principle, and component number improves equalization efficiency while reduction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the topological diagram of structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is balancing procedure figure in the embodiment of the present invention, and figure (a) is the balanced first stage (t0-t1) circuit running
Figure, figure (b) is balanced second stage (t1-t2) circuit running figure.
Fig. 4 is balancing procedure principle oscillogram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is integral battery door group of the present invention to battery modules charging process key waveforms figure.
Fig. 6 is battery modules of the present invention to integral battery door group discharge process key waveforms figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Reference picture 1, equalizing circuit structure between a kind of battery cell and battery pack, including more than two battery cell C, change
Depressor T, switch MOSFETM, all battery cell CijIt is connected in series, i=1~n, j=1~m, each battery cell C is in parallel
One switch MOSFETMij；Per adjacent m battery cell constitute one group, m=2,3 ..., using transformer T normal shocks coupling, it is each
Group is connected with integral battery door group using transformer T flybacks, forms battery cell C in a module, such as module 111、C12、…、C1m
With battery pack common transformer T1, wherein, battery cell C11、C12、…、C1mNormal shock is coupled each other, with battery pack flyback coupling
Close, transformer normal shock, flyback operation principle are combined, energy is shifted between battery cell and battery pack.
Described transformer T is formed by m+1 bursts of winding techniques, wherein m bursts of coiling in the same direction, realizes normal shock function；Residue one
Stock is oppositely wound, realizes flyback function.
Described switch MOSFET MijFor N-channel MOS FET, or it is P-channel MOSFET.
Reference picture 2, the equalization methods of equalizing circuit structure, comprise the following steps between described battery cell and battery pack：
The first step, constitutes a module by adjacent m battery in battery pack, is divided into n groups；
Second step, is detected using voltage sensor, current sensor to voltage, the electric current of each module；
3rd step, estimates the mean state of each battery modules and whole battery pack；
4th step, obtains one group of needs battery in a balanced way, is carried out between battery modules and integral battery door group balanced；
5th step, judge need in a balanced way battery modules average energy whether be higher than integral battery door group average energy；
6th step, if battery modules average energy is higher than the average energy of integral battery door group, battery modules are to entirety
Battery power discharge；If battery modules average energy is less than the average energy of integral battery door group, integral battery door group is to battery mould
Group charging；
7th step, is delayed certain time after equilibrium, returns to second step and continues executing with.
Described acquisition needs the method for balancing battery module to be based on voltage method, based on SOC methods or based on residue
Electricity method is chosen.
The step of described battery modules are discharged to integral battery door group be：
The first step, is closed in the battery modules of high energy the switch MOSFET corresponding to battery cell, now, battery mould
Battery cell, the switch MOSFET of conducting and transformer T first side windings formation closed circuit state in group, battery modules will
Energy storage is in transformer T windings；
Second step, simultaneously switches off the corresponding switch MOSFET of battery cell in the battery modules of high energy, will be deposited in transformer T
The energy of storage is discharged to whole battery pack.
The step of described integral battery door group charges to battery modules be：
The first step, closes the switch MOSFET corresponding to the battery modules Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer of low energy, integral battery door group, opens
MOSFET and transformer T secondary side windings formation closed circuit are closed, battery pack releases energy to transformer T windings；
Second step, disconnects the switch MOSFET corresponding to the battery modules transformer T secondary sides of low energy, by transformer T
The energy transfer of storage to low energy battery modules.
In balancing procedure, because in same module battery, the corresponding transformer normal shock of m cell is coupled, therefore
When the corresponding switch of cell is simultaneously turned in required battery modules in a balanced way, energy is shifted between m cell, with
Reach poised state.
In accompanying drawing：C11、C12、…、CnmFor battery cell；T1、T2、…、TnFor Transformer Winding；M11、M12、…、Mnm, M1、
M2、…、MnFor N-channel or P-channel MOSFET.
A specific embodiment is given below：It should be noted that the present embodiment is a kind of embodiment party of the present invention
Formula, in the case of without departing substantially from spirit of the invention and its essence, those skilled in the art can make according to the present invention
Various corresponding changes and deformation, but these change and deformation all should belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the invention.
By taking one of which situation as an example, i.e., comprising two cells in each module, electric energy is turned from integral battery door group
Move on to battery cell C11And C12In, comprise the following steps：
The first step, reference picture 3 (a) will switch M1Closure, integral battery door group and switch M1, transformer T1Secondary side winding
L1Form closed-loop path；
During this, winding L1On relation represented with following formula：
Wherein,For winding coil L1The magnitude of voltage at two ends；
Switch M1During conducting, winding coil L1The magnitude of voltage at two endsIt is approximately equal to integral battery door group terminal voltage VC：
To sum up two formulas can be obtained：
Winding L1The middle peak point current that can reach is：
Wherein, tonFor switch M1ON time, i.e. ton=DT；
Second step, reference picture 3 (b) disconnects switch M1, battery cell C11With switch M11, transformer T1First side winding
L11Form closed-loop path；Battery cell C12With switch M12, transformer T1First side winding L12Form closed-loop path；
Rate is determined according to ampere, cell C can be obtained11And C12Initial peak currents：
Wherein, N11、N12Respectively transformer T1Primary side battery C11And C12Corresponding umber of turn；N1For transformer T1Two
Secondary side umber of turn；Respectively pass through battery C11And C12Electric current；
Due to each battery cell symmetrical configuration, therefore, transformer first side winding number of turn all same, i.e.,：
N11=Nl2=Nl0
To sum up two formulas can be obtained：
During this, monomer C11With C12Loop current is represented by：
Wherein,Respectively battery C11And C12Terminal voltage.
Fig. 4 be the present embodiment MOSFET voltages and euqalizing current principle oscillogram during battery balanced, can from figure
One group of PWM ripple need to be only exported to find out, in balancing procedure and controls corresponding switch conduction or shut-off, and control is simple.In t3Moment,
Correspondence battery current is reduced to zero, so as to ensure that circuit works in discontinuous operating mode.
Fig. 5 be the present embodiment integral battery door group to battery modules charging process key waveforms figure, it can be seen that needing
Will the higher battery charge of energy is smaller in battery modules in a balanced way, and the relatively low battery charge of energy is larger, enters
One step is demonstrated can be further balanced by transformer normal shock principle in same module.
Fig. 6 be the present embodiment battery modules to integral battery door group discharge process key waveforms figure, it can be seen that needing
Will the higher battery discharge current of energy is larger in battery modules in a balanced way, and the relatively low battery discharge current of energy is smaller, together
Sample is demonstrated can be balanced by transformer normal shock principle in same module.
Claims (8)
1. equalizing circuit structure between a kind of battery cell and battery pack, including more than two battery cell C, transformer T, switch
MOSFETM, it is characterised in that：All battery cell CijIt is connected in series, i=1~n, j=1~m, each battery cell C is in parallel
One switch MOSFET Mij, per adjacent m battery cell constitute one group, m=2,3 ..., using transformer T normal shocks coupling, often
One group is connected with integral battery door group using transformer T flybacks, forms a module.
2. equalizing circuit structure between a kind of battery cell according to claim 1 and battery pack, it is characterised in that：Described
Transformer T is formed by m+1 bursts of winding techniques, wherein m bursts of coiling in the same direction, realizes normal shock function；One remaining oppositely wound, realization
Flyback function.
3. equalizing circuit structure between a kind of battery cell according to claim 1 and battery pack, it is characterised in that：Described
Switch MOSFET MijFor N-channel MOS FET, or it is P-channel MOSFET.
4. the equalization methods of equalizing circuit structure between battery cell according to claim 1 and battery pack, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
The first step, constitutes a module by adjacent m battery in battery pack, is divided into n groups；
Second step, is detected using voltage sensor, current sensor to voltage, the electric current of each module；
3rd step, estimates the mean state of each battery modules and whole battery pack；
4th step, obtains one group of needs battery in a balanced way, is carried out between battery modules and integral battery door group balanced；
5th step, judge need in a balanced way battery modules average energy whether be higher than integral battery door group average energy；
6th step, if battery modules average energy is higher than the average energy of integral battery door group, battery modules are to integral battery door
Group electric discharge；If battery modules average energy is less than the average energy of integral battery door group, integral battery door group is filled to battery modules
Electricity；
It is delayed a period of time after 7th step, equilibrium, returns to second step and continue executing with.
5. the equalization methods of equalizing circuit structure between battery cell according to claim 4 and battery pack, it is characterised in that：
Described acquisition needs the method for balancing battery module to be based on voltage method, based on SOC methods or based on dump energy method
Choose.
6. the equalization methods of equalizing circuit structure between battery cell according to claim 4 and battery pack, it is characterised in that
The step of described battery modules are discharged to integral battery door group be：
The first step, is closed in the battery modules of high energy the switch MOSFET corresponding to battery cell, now, in battery modules
Battery cell, the switch MOSFET of conducting and transformer T first side windings formation closed circuit state, battery modules are by energy
It is stored in transformer T windings；
Second step, simultaneously switches off the corresponding switch MOSFET of battery cell in the battery modules of high energy, by what is stored in transformer T
Energy is discharged to whole battery pack.
7. the equalization methods of equalizing circuit structure between battery cell according to claim 4 and battery pack, it is characterised in that
The step of described integral battery door group charges to battery modules be：
The first step, closes the switch MOSFET corresponding to the battery modules Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer of low energy, integral battery door group, switch
MOSFET and transformer T secondary side windings formation closed circuit, battery pack release energy to transformer T windings；
Second step, disconnects the switch MOSFET corresponding to the battery modules transformer T secondary sides of low energy, will be stored in transformer T
Energy transfer to low energy battery modules.
8. the equalization methods of equalizing circuit structure between battery cell according to claim 4 and battery pack, it is characterised in that
In balancing procedure, because in same module battery, the corresponding transformer normal shock of m cell is coupled, therefore when required equal
When the corresponding switch of cell is simultaneously turned in the battery modules of weighing apparatus, energy is shifted between m cell, to reach balance
State.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710612960.7A CN107294174B (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-07-25 | Battery monomer and battery pack equalization circuit structure and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710612960.7A CN107294174B (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-07-25 | Battery monomer and battery pack equalization circuit structure and method |
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| CN107294174A true CN107294174A (en) | 2017-10-24 |
| CN107294174B CN107294174B (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107834655A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-23 | 山东大学 | A kind of automatic battery equalizing circuit and implementation method based on multiwinding transformer |
| CN108011425A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-08 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | A kind of active equalizer circuit of cell pack and method |
| CN109066846A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-21 | 西安交通大学 | Equalizing circuit structure and method between a kind of modular battery |
| CN109888417A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of direct balanced device composite structure of series connection accumulation power supply |
| CN110861536A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-03-06 | 郑州深澜动力科技有限公司 | Electric vehicle and power battery system thereof |
| CN112688375A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-20 | 华南理工大学 | Balanced output system based on multi-winding transformer |
| CN112952974A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-11 | 华南理工大学 | Hybrid energy storage equalization circuit based on forward and backward flyback converter and control method |
| CN114156981A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-08 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery module equalization control circuit and method based on transformer |
| US20220416549A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2022-12-29 | Hefei Gotion High-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd. | Active equalization circuit, battery management system, power source system, and electronic device |
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| CN107834655A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-23 | 山东大学 | A kind of automatic battery equalizing circuit and implementation method based on multiwinding transformer |
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| CN109066846A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-21 | 西安交通大学 | Equalizing circuit structure and method between a kind of modular battery |
| CN109066846B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-07-28 | 西安交通大学 | Modular inter-battery equalization circuit structure and method |
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| US20220416549A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2022-12-29 | Hefei Gotion High-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd. | Active equalization circuit, battery management system, power source system, and electronic device |
| CN109888417A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of direct balanced device composite structure of series connection accumulation power supply |
| CN112688375A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-20 | 华南理工大学 | Balanced output system based on multi-winding transformer |
| CN112952974A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-11 | 华南理工大学 | Hybrid energy storage equalization circuit based on forward and backward flyback converter and control method |
| CN114156981A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-08 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery module equalization control circuit and method based on transformer |
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| CN107294174B (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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