CN113725973A - Battery equalization circuit for capacitor and passive resistor of active transformer - Google Patents
Battery equalization circuit for capacitor and passive resistor of active transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113725973A CN113725973A CN202111028198.0A CN202111028198A CN113725973A CN 113725973 A CN113725973 A CN 113725973A CN 202111028198 A CN202111028198 A CN 202111028198A CN 113725973 A CN113725973 A CN 113725973A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery equalization circuit of an active transformer capacitor and a passive resistor, which comprises a battery monomer, an energy storage capacitor, a high-frequency filter capacitor, an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube switch, an equalization resistor, a power switch tube, a transformer equalization primary winding, a transformer equalization secondary winding and a transformer equalization magnetic core. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the transformer balance and the capacitance balance are balanced in an energy transfer mode, and almost no energy loss exists in the balance process; although the resistance equalization consumes the electric quantity of the battery monomer with the over-high electric quantity through the resistance, most of equalization work is completed by adopting the transformer equalization and the capacitance equalization firstly, and the resistance equalization only completes the minimum part of the ending equalization, so that the lost electric quantity is little, and the efficiency of the battery equalization and the energy utilization rate are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an equalizing circuit, in particular to a battery equalizing circuit with an active transformer capacitor and a passive resistor, and belongs to the technical field of battery management.
Background
The single batteries in the battery pack are inevitably inconsistent in voltage, capacity, internal resistance and the like in the manufacturing and using processes and are a continuously accumulated process, and the difference generated between the single batteries is larger as the time is longer; moreover, the lithium ion battery pack is influenced by the use environment, and the inconsistency of the single batteries is gradually amplified in the use process, so that the performance of certain single batteries is accelerated and attenuated.
The available capacity of the battery pack can be greatly influenced by the inconsistency of the single batteries in the battery pack, the battery pack is more and more influenced by the inconsistency along with the accumulation of the service time of the battery pack, and the equalizing circuit is used for reducing the influence of the inconsistency of the single batteries on the available capacity of the whole battery pack.
At present, battery equalization methods are mainly divided into two categories, namely passive equalization and active equalization, wherein the passive equalization is divided into a resistance method and a voltage stabilizing tube method, and the active equalization mainly comprises an inductance method, a capacitance method and a voltage transformation method.
The transformer balancing circuit can simultaneously realize the balancing of a plurality of battery monomers, so that the terminal voltages of all the battery monomers are finally close to the average voltage level. The topology has the advantages of simple operation and easy control, but when the number of the battery cells is large, the design of the multi-winding transformer is difficult, the consistency of the windings on the primary side is difficult to ensure, and the topology has the defect of difficult expansion.
The switched capacitor method is used for managing active balance of two adjacent battery monomers, and mainly has the functions of judging the charge state difference between the two adjacent batteries, and transferring redundant electric quantity of a battery with high voltage to a battery with low voltage through a transfer station of a capacitor in a mode of switching a power supply by a balance module according to a balance algorithm result so as to realize the maximization of the battery capacity. The scheme only needs a switch and a capacitor to complete the construction of the equalizing circuit, and has the advantages of simple structure and almost no energy loss in the equalizing process; however, energy transfer can only be performed between adjacent battery cells, and since the capacitor has a buffer period as an energy transfer medium, when the voltage difference of each cell in the battery pack is small, large current equalization cannot be performed, and the equalization effect is not ideal.
The fixed resistor passive equalization method is characterized in that each single battery is connected with a resistor with a fixed resistance value, and the electric quantity of a battery monomer with overhigh electric quantity is consumed through the resistor, so that the effect of equalizing the voltage of the battery monomer with low electric quantity is achieved. The method has the main advantages that the circuit structure is simple, and the cost is low; the main disadvantages are that the equalization process consumes redundant electric quantity to reach an equalization state, much electric quantity is consumed in a circuit, and the utilization rate of energy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery equalization circuit of an active transformer capacitor and a passive resistor to solve the problems.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme: an active transformer capacitor and passive resistance battery equalization circuit comprises
A battery module formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series;
the battery unit is part of the battery module and consists of four connected single batteries in the battery module;
the small battery unit is a part of the battery unit and consists of two connected single batteries in the battery unit;
the transformer is configured on two battery units which are jointly composed of four small battery units and consists of a transformer equalizing primary winding, a transformer equalizing secondary winding and a transformer equalizing magnetic core, the transformer equalizing magnetic core is arranged between the transformer equalizing primary winding and the transformer equalizing secondary winding, the transformer equalizing primary winding is respectively connected in a circuit of each battery unit, and the transformer equalizing secondary winding is connected in a circuit of each battery unit;
and the equalizing resistor is arranged in parallel with the two single batteries of each small battery unit.
The equalization method comprises the following steps:
firstly, balancing between each battery unit and the whole module by using a transformer;
secondly, balancing between two adjacent small battery units is completed by using the balancing capacitor;
and step three, finally, balancing between the two battery monomers in each small unit by using the balancing resistor.
As a still further scheme of the invention: each battery monomer is connected with a high-frequency filter capacitor in parallel.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and a power switch tube is connected in the connecting circuit of each small battery unit.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and a power switch tube is connected in series on a connecting wire of each battery unit and the balance secondary winding of the transformer.
As a still further scheme of the invention: two single batteries B in each small battery unit share one equalizing resistor.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and each single battery forming the battery module is connected with an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube switch in parallel, and each MOS tube switch connected with the single battery of the small battery unit in parallel is connected with the equalizing resistor in series.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and two small battery units of each battery unit share one energy storage capacitor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. after the series single batteries are grouped, because the voltage of each equalizing unit is 4 times of the voltage of each single battery, namely the voltage difference between the single batteries is amplified by 4 times, the voltage difference is increased, the defect that the equalizing efficiency is reduced when the voltage difference between the single batteries is small in the equalizing of a transformer is overcome, and the equalizing efficiency is greatly improved;
2. compared with the existing fixed resistor passive equalization scheme, the number of the equalization resistors in the scheme of the invention is only half of that in the existing scheme, and all the equalization resistors can be simultaneously turned on;
3. according to the conventional active equalization scheme of the switched capacitor, when the voltage difference of each monomer in the battery pack is small, the equalization current is small, after the series-connected monomer batteries are grouped, because the voltage of each capacitor equalization unit is the series voltage of 2 monomer batteries and is 2 times of the voltage of each monomer battery, the voltage difference between the monomer batteries is amplified by 2 times, the voltage difference is increased, and the defect that when the voltage difference of each monomer in the battery pack is small, the equalization effect of the capacitor is not ideal is overcome;
4. compared with the existing active equalization scheme of the switched capacitor, each battery monomer in the circuit is connected with a high-frequency filter capacitor in parallel and used for filtering out clutter in the energy transmission process;
5. in the invention, the transformer balance and the capacitance balance are realized in an energy transfer mode, and almost no energy loss is generated in the balance process; although the resistance equalization consumes the electric quantity of the battery monomer with the over-high electric quantity through the resistance, most of equalization work is completed by adopting the transformer equalization and the capacitance equalization firstly, and the resistance equalization only completes the minimum part of the ending equalization, so that the lost electric quantity is little, and the efficiency of the battery equalization and the energy utilization rate are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a first current direction according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a second current direction according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a third current direction according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a fourth current direction according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a fifth current direction according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a sixth current direction according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows the current direction in the third embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: B. cell, C1An energy storage capacitor, C2High-frequency filter capacitor, Q, MOS tube switch, R, balance resistor, S, power switch tube, N1Transformer balanced primary winding, N2Transformer balance secondary winding, T, transformer balance magnetic core.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, an active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalization circuit includes
A battery module formed by connecting a plurality of unit batteries B in series;
the battery unit is part of the battery module and consists of four connected single batteries B in the battery module;
a small battery unit which is a part of the battery unit and is composed of two connected single batteries B in the battery unit;
a transformer arranged on two small battery units composed of four small battery units and used for equalizing the primary winding N1Secondary winding N for transformer equalization2And a transformer balance magnetic core T arranged on the transformer balance primary winding N1Secondary winding N balanced with transformer2The transformer balances the primary winding N1A secondary winding N connected in the circuit of each battery cell B and balanced by the transformer2Connected in the circuit of each group of battery units;
and the equalizing resistor R is arranged in parallel with the two single batteries B of each small battery unit.
The equalization method comprises the following steps:
firstly, balancing between each battery unit and the whole module by using a transformer;
secondly, balancing between two adjacent small battery units is completed by using the balancing capacitor;
and step three, finally, balancing between the two battery monomers B in each small unit by using the balancing resistor R.
In the embodiment of the invention, each battery cell B is connected with a high-frequency filter capacitor C in parallel2And the device is used for filtering out noise waves in the energy transmission process.
In the embodiment of the invention, a power switch tube S is connected in the connecting circuit of each small battery unit so as to realize transformer type equalization of each small battery unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, each battery unit is connected with a balance secondary winding N of a transformer2The connecting line of the transformer is connected with a power switch tube S in series so as to realize transformer type balance of each battery unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, two single batteries B in each small battery unit share one equalizing resistor R.
In the embodiment of the invention, each single battery B forming the battery module is connected in parallel with one MOS tube switch Q, and the MOS tube switches Q connected in parallel with the single batteries B of each small battery unit are connected in series with the equalizing resistor R.
In the embodiment of the invention, two small battery units of each battery unit share one energy storage capacitor C1。
Example two
Referring to fig. 2-7, an active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalization circuit uses the first 4 battery cells B in the module1～B4The 1 st battery unit formed by connecting in series is taken as an example to explain the specific equalization process of the invention in detail, and the equalization steps are as follows:
in the first step, the balance between the 1 st battery unit and the whole module is balanced by adopting a transformer. The specific equalization process is divided into the following 2 cases to be respectively completed:
in the first case, assuming that the voltage of the 1 st cell is higher than that of the other cells in the module, the equalization steps are as follows:
in the second case, assuming that the voltage of the 1 st cell is lower than that of the other cells in the module, the equalization steps are as follows:
and step two, completing the balance between the 1 st battery unit and the module through a plurality of cycles of the first step, closing the transformer for balance, and starting the capacitor for active balance to complete the balance among the 2 small battery units in the battery unit.
Now assume that the first 2 cells B in the 1 st cell1～B2Compared with the last 2 battery monomers B3～B4The voltage of other battery units in the module is higher, and the balancing steps are as follows:
and thirdly, completing the balance between the 1 st small battery unit and the 2 nd small battery unit through a plurality of cycles of the second step, closing the active balance of the capacitor, and starting the passive balance of the resistor in each small battery unit to complete the balance of the 2 battery monomers in the small battery unit.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 8, an active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalization circuit, taking equalization of the 1 st small battery cell as an example, illustrates a specific equalization process as follows:
cell B in 1 st small cell unit1～B2One of the cells must have a relatively high voltage, assuming cell B1Comparative battery monomer B2The voltage is higher. Make MOS pipe Q1Conducting and connecting the battery cell B1And a fixed resistor R, the fixed resistor R starts to consume energy passively and be balanced, and a current direction as shown in fig. 8 is formed;
monitoring of cell B1When the voltage reaches the equilibrium target value, the MOS transistor Q1Turning off, no current passes through the circuit, the fixed resistor R stops balanced operation, and the battery monomer B1The equalization of (2) is completed.
The working principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly utilizing a transformer to balance and finish the active balance of electric quantity transfer between each battery unit and the whole module, then utilizing an active balance capacitor to finish the electric quantity transfer between 2 adjacent small battery units, and finally utilizing a balance resistor to finish the passive energy consumption balance of 2 single batteries with relatively higher voltage in each small unit.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. An active transformer capacitor and passive resistance battery equalization circuit, characterized by: comprises that
A battery module formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries (B) in series;
the battery unit is part of the battery module and consists of four connected single batteries (B) in the battery module;
a small battery unit which is a part of the battery unit and is composed of two connected single batteries (B) in the battery unit;
a transformer arranged on two of the battery cells composed of four battery cells and having a primary winding (N) equalized by the transformer1) Secondary winding (N) for transformer equalization2) And a transformer balance magnetic core (T) arranged on the transformer balance primary winding (N)1) Secondary winding (N) balanced with transformer2) In parallel, the transformer equalizes the primary winding (N)1) A secondary winding (N) connected in the circuit of each battery cell (B) and balanced by the transformer2) Connected in the circuit of each group of battery units;
an equalizing resistance (R) arranged in parallel with the two cells (B) of each of the cells.
2. The active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein: each battery monomer (B) is connected with a high-frequency filter capacitor (C) in parallel2)。
3. The active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein: and a power switch tube (S) is connected in the connecting circuit of each small battery unit.
4. The active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein: each battery unit is connected with a transformer balance secondary winding (N)2) The connecting line of the power switch tube is connected with a power switch tube (S) in series.
5. The active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein: two single batteries (B) in each small battery unit share one equalizing resistor (R).
6. The active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein: the battery module is characterized in that each single battery (B) of the battery module is connected with an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube switch (Q) in parallel, and each MOS tube switch (Q) connected with the single battery (B) of the small battery unit in parallel is connected with an equalizing resistor (R) in series.
7. The method of claim 1An active transformer capacitor and passive resistance battery equalization circuit, characterized by: two small battery units of each battery unit share one energy storage capacitor (C)1)。
8. The equalizing method of the active transformer capacitor and passive resistor battery equalizing circuit according to claim 1, wherein the equalizing method comprises:
firstly, balancing between each battery unit and the whole module by using a transformer;
secondly, balancing between two adjacent small battery units is completed by using the balancing capacitor;
and step three, finally, balancing between the two battery monomers (B) in each small unit by using the balancing resistor (R).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111028198.0A CN113725973A (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | Battery equalization circuit for capacitor and passive resistor of active transformer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111028198.0A CN113725973A (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | Battery equalization circuit for capacitor and passive resistor of active transformer |
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| CN113725973A true CN113725973A (en) | 2021-11-30 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114156981A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-08 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery module equalization control circuit and method based on transformer |
| CN114362305A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-15 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Series battery module equalizing circuit and method |
| CN116154928A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-05-23 | 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局 | Double-layer active-passive hybrid equalization circuit |
| CN117811167A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-04-02 | 深圳市沃德芯科技有限公司 | System and method for active balancing by magnetic energy in magnetic core of transformer |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114156981A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-08 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery module equalization control circuit and method based on transformer |
| CN114362305A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-15 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Series battery module equalizing circuit and method |
| CN116154928A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-05-23 | 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局 | Double-layer active-passive hybrid equalization circuit |
| CN117811167A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-04-02 | 深圳市沃德芯科技有限公司 | System and method for active balancing by magnetic energy in magnetic core of transformer |
| CN117811167B (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-05-14 | 深圳市沃德芯科技有限公司 | System and method for active balancing by magnetic energy in magnetic core of transformer |
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