Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of low loss series equalizing circuit of lithium ion battery pack, based on the real-time prison to each battery cell
Survey, and respectively under charging, electric discharge and idle state, use the medium that inductance is deposited as electric energy, it is achieved each cell
Dynamic equalization.Compared with prior art, above-mentioned equalizing circuit uses modularization management, and simple in construction, easy to control and electricity is equal
It is zero loss on weighing apparatus procedural theory, it is possible to be greatly promoted the safety of set of cells stable operation, is also beneficial to reduce cost of investment.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of low loss series Li-ion batteries piles electric quantity balancing circuit unit, including binodal battery cell DBs and equilibrium
Circuit EC0Two parts, binodal battery cell DBs is by two battery cell BHAnd BLConstitute, make battery cell BHThe most extremely hold
Point ' 1 ', battery cell BLNegative pole be end points ' 3 ', and battery cell BHNegative pole and battery cell BLPositive pole be connected, connect
Place is end points ' 2 '.
Equalizing circuit EC0By two groups of semiconductor switch SHAnd DH、SLAnd DL, and inductance L0Composition, semiconductor switch SHAnd SL
It is respectively band anti-paralleled diode DHAnd DLField of electric force effect transistor MOSFET, semiconductor switch SHAnd SLGate pole respectively
For end points a and b, SLDrain electrode be end points e, SHSource electrode be end points c, SHDrain electrode and SLSource electrode and inductance L0One end phase
Even, inductance L0The other end be end points d;
The end points 1~3 of binodal battery cell DBs connects equalizing circuit EC respectively0C~e of end points.
A kind of low loss series Li-ion batteries piles electric quantity balancing expanded circuit, comprises multiple equalizing circuit unit, specifically
Extended mode is: first making equalizing circuit unit is 0 grade of expanded circuit, comprises one group of binodal battery cell DBs and equalizing circuit
EC0;Then 1 grade of expanded circuit comprises two groups of 0 grade of expanded circuits and an equalizing circuit E C1, equalizing circuit EC1With equalizing circuit
EC0Difference be that inductance is L1, by two the binodal battery cell DBs series connection in two groups of 0 grade of expanded circuits, junction point again with
Equalizing circuit EC1D end points be connected, equalizing circuit EC1Middle c and e end points is just meeting aforementioned series connection binodal battery cell DBs respectively
Pole and negative pole;......;
And so on, k level expanded circuit comprises two groups of k-1 level expanded circuits and an ECk, inductance is Lk, k-1 level extends
Two groups of DBs series connection in circuit, junction point again with ECkD end be connected, ECkC and e end points connect aforementioned series connection DBs group respectively
Positive pole and negative pole;…….
A kind of low loss series Li-ion batteries piles electric quantity balancing method, works as BHIn electricity higher than BLTime, with T for controlling
In the cycle, control SHConducting, pulsewidth be DT, D be dutycycle, concrete balancing procedure is: under charged state, make BLPreferential charging, treats two
Person's electricity quite makes SHIt is held off, recovers to charge normal;Under discharge condition, reduce BLDischarge capacity, made when the two electricity is suitable
SHIt is held off, recovers regular picture;Under idle state, with reactor as medium, by BHMiddle part electricity is transferred to BLIn, treat
The two electricity makes S time suitableHIt is held off, stops equilibrium.
A kind of low loss series Li-ion batteries piles electric quantity balancing method, works as BHMiddle electricity is less than BLTime, with T for controlling week
Phase, control SLConducting, pulsewidth is DT (D is dutycycle), and concrete balancing procedure is: under charged state, make BHPreferential charging, treats two
Person's electricity quite makes SLIt is held off, recovers to charge normal;Under discharge condition, reduce BHDischarge capacity, made when the two electricity is suitable
SLIt is held off, recovers regular picture;Under idle state, with reactor as medium, by BLMiddle part electricity is transferred to BHIn, treat
The two electricity makes S time suitableLIt is held off, stops equilibrium.
A kind of low loss series Li-ion batteries piles electric quantity balancing development method, under charging and idle state, by 0,1 ..., n
Level circuit sequence equalizes step by step;In the discharged condition, for avoiding output voltage to drop, take limiter stage equalization, the most only carry out 0
~j level circuit conditioning, the size of j is determined by voltage security fluctuation range.
A kind of low loss series Li-ion batteries piles electric quantity balancing development method, the order superlative degree is n level, the most altogether containing 2(n+1)Individual electricity
Pond is monomer series-connected, and this series arm meets maximum output voltage requirement;In order to meet peak power requirement, need to be by this series connection of m group
Branch circuit parallel connection.
One low loss series Li-ion batteries piles electric quantity balancing circuit of the present invention, for cascaded lithium ion batteries group electricity
Equalization problem, it is provided that a kind of novel low-power consumption equalization scheme, compared with tradition equalizing circuit, its major advantage includes following
Three aspects:
(1): using reactor transmission electric energy, do not produce any energy loss, system heat generation is few, and security reliability is high;
(2): equalizing circuit cellular construction is simple, circuit extension method is simple, is easily obtainable cascaded lithium ion batteries
Group equilibrium expanded circuit, practicality is stronger;
(3): described equalizing circuit controls simple, and low cost, feasibility is stronger.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of low loss series Li-ion batteries piles electric quantity balancing circuit, including equalizing circuit unit and equilibrium expanded circuit
Two kinds, the latter is formed by the former superposition extension;For above two circuit, propose corresponding control method respectively.The most such as
Under:
(1), equalizing circuit unit includes binodal battery cell DBs and equalizing circuit EC0Two parts, DBs is by two electricity
Pond monomer BHAnd BLConstitute, make BHThe most extremely end points ' 1 ', BLNegative pole be end points ' 3 ', and BHNegative pole and BLPositive pole phase
Even, junction is end points ' 2 ';EC0By two groups of semiconductor switch (SHAnd DH、SLAnd DL) and inductance (L0) composition, semiconductor switch
(SHAnd SL) it is band anti-paralleled diode (DHAnd DL) field of electric force effect transistor (MOSFET), SHAnd SLGate pole be respectively end
Point a and b, SLDrain electrode be end points e, SHSource electrode be end points c, SHDrain electrode and SLSource electrode and L0One end be connected, L0Another
One end is end points d;DBs end points 1~3 connects EC respectively0End points c~e.
(2), equilibrium expanded circuit comprise multiple equalizing circuit unit, concrete extended mode is: first make equalizing circuit list
Unit is 0 grade of expanded circuit, comprises one group of DBs+EC0;Then 1 grade of expanded circuit comprises two groups of 0 grade of expanded circuits and an EC1, EC1
With EC0Difference be that inductance is L1, by two DBs series connection in two groups of 0 grade of expanded circuits, junction point again with EC1D end points
It is connected, EC1Middle c and e end points connects positive pole and the negative pole of aforementioned series connection DBs respectively;......;As before, k level expanded circuit comprises two
Group k-1 level expanded circuit and an ECk(inductance is Lk), the two groups of DBs series connection in k-1 level expanded circuit, junction point again with ECk
D end be connected, ECkC and e end points connect positive pole and the negative pole of aforementioned series connection DBs group respectively;…….
(3), for circuit unit described in (1), B is worked asHIn electricity higher than BLTime, with T for controlling the cycle, control SHLead
Logical, pulsewidth is DT (D is dutycycle), and concrete balancing procedure is: under charged state, make BLPreferential charging, treats that the two electricity is suitable
Make SHIt is held off, recovers to charge normal;Under discharge condition, reduce BLDischarge capacity, makes S when the two electricity is suitableHKeep closing
Disconnected, recover regular picture;Under idle state, with reactor as medium, by BHMiddle part electricity is transferred to BLIn, treat the two electricity
S is made time quiteHIt is held off, stops equilibrium.
(4), for circuit unit described in (1), B is worked asHMiddle electricity is less than BLTime, with T for controlling the cycle, control SLConducting,
Pulsewidth is DT (D is dutycycle), and concrete balancing procedure is: under charged state, make BHPreferential charging, treats that the two electricity quite makes SL
It is held off, recovers to charge normal;Under discharge condition, reduce BHDischarge capacity, makes S when the two electricity is suitableLIt is held off, extensive
Multiple regular picture;Under idle state, with reactor as medium, by BLMiddle part electricity is transferred to BHIn, when the two electricity is suitable
Make SLIt is held off, stops equilibrium.
(5), for described in (2) equalize expanded circuit, charging and idle state under, by 0,1 ..., n level circuit sequence by
Level equilibrium, for k level circuit, detailed process is: work as BHIn electricity higher than BLTime, with T for controlling the cycle, control SHConducting, arteries and veins
A width of DT (D is dutycycle), under charged state so that it is in BLPreferential charging, the most afterwards makes S until the two electricityHIt is held off,
Recover to charge normal or enter k+1 level circuit conditioning;Under idle state, with reactor as medium, by BHMiddle part electricity shifts
To BLIn, when the two electricity is suitable, make SHIt is held off, stops equilibrium, enter k+1 level circuit conditioning;In the discharged condition, for
Avoiding output voltage to drop, take limiter stage equalization, the most only carry out 0~j level circuit conditioning, the size of j is by voltage security ripple
Dynamic scope determines, for k level circuit, detailed process is: work as BHIn electricity higher than BLTime, with T for controlling the cycle, control SHLead
Logical, pulsewidth is DT (D is dutycycle), reduces wherein BLDischarge capacity, makes S when the two electricity is suitableHIt is held off, recovers normal
Electric discharge or entrance k+1 level circuit conditioning.
(6) the equilibrium expanded circuit, in above-mentioned (2), order superlative degree is n level, contains 2 the most altogether(n+1)Individual battery cell is connected, should
Series arm meets maximum output voltage requirement;In order to meet peak power requirement, need to be by parallel for this series arm of m group.
Operation principle:
A kind of low loss series equalizing circuit of lithium ion battery pack that the present invention proposes, as shown in Fig. 1 (a), for equilibrium electricity
Road element circuit figure, as shown in Fig. 1 (b), for expanded circuit structure chart.Equalizing circuit unit includes that binodal set of cells DBs is with equal
Weighing apparatus circuit EC0, DBs is by battery cell BHAnd BLIn series, BHThe most extremely end points 1, BLNegative pole be end points 2, the two connect
Point is end points 3;EC0By two groups of MOSFET (S containing anti-paralleled diodeHAnd DH、SLAnd DL) and inductance L0Composition, SHAnd SLDoor
Pole is respectively end points a and b, SLDrain electrode be end points e, SHSource electrode be end points c, SHDrain electrode and SLSource electrode and L0One end phase
Even, L0The other end be end points d;DBs end points 1~3 connects EC respectively0End points c~e.
Consider the work process of equalizing circuit unit, be divided into Q by two electric quantity of single batteries relationsBH>QBLAnd QBH<QBLTwo kinds
Situation, Fig. 2 (a)~Fig. 2 (c) respectively show at charging, the balancing procedure that discharges and leave unused under three kinds of states, Fig. 3 (a)~
Fig. 3 (b) is under different on off state different operating state, and the situation of change of battery electric quantity is specifically described as follows:
Work as QBH>QBLTime, control SHTurn on pulsewidth DT (as dutycycle, T is the control cycle to D), if charging current is ICS,
Reactor current is IL, load current is ILoad, cell electric current is IBHAnd IBL, balancing procedure during different operating state
For: under charged state, as shown in Fig. 2 (a), SHConducting, makes IBH=0 and IBL=ICS=IL, SHTurn off, make IBH=ICSAnd IBL=
IBH+IL, it is seen that BLCharge volume within a cycle is more than BH, after a period of time, the two electricity is suitable, EC0Quit work;Put
Under electricity condition, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), SHConducting, makes IBL=ILoadAnd IBH=IBL+IL, SHTurn off, make IBH=ILoadAnd IBL=IBH-
IL, it is seen that BLDischarge capacity within a cycle is less than BH, after a period of time, the two electricity is suitable, EC0Quit work;Idle shape
Under state, as shown in Fig. 2 (c), SHConducting, makes IBL=0 and IBH=IL, SHTurn off, make IBH=0 and IBL=IL, it is seen that BHIn portion
Electricity is divided to transfer to B through inductanceL, until the two electricity quite after, EC0Quit work.
Work as QBH<QBLTime, control SLTurn on pulsewidth DT (as dutycycle, T is the control cycle to D), if charging current is ICS,
Reactor current is IL, load current is ILoad, cell electric current is IBHAnd IBL, balancing procedure during different operating state
For: under charged state, as shown in Fig. 2 (a), SLConducting, makes IBL=0 and IBH=ICS=IL, SLTurn off, make IBL=ICSAnd IBH=
IBL+IL, it is seen that BHCharge volume within a cycle is more than BL, after a period of time, the two electricity is suitable, EC0Quit work;Put
Under electricity condition, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), SLConducting, makes IBH=ILoadAnd IBL=IBH+IL, SLTurn off, make IBL=ILoadAnd IBH=IBL-
IL, it is seen that BHDischarge capacity within a cycle is less than BL, after a period of time, the two electricity is suitable, EC0Quit work;Idle shape
Under state, as shown in Fig. 2 (c), SLConducting, makes IBH=0 and IBL=IL, SLTurn off, make IBL=0 and IBH=IL, it is seen that BLIn portion
Electricity is divided to transfer to B through inductanceH, until the two electricity quite after, EC0Quit work.
In sum, the basic ideas of this balancing procedure are: during charging, preferentially to the battery charging that electricity is low, treat the two
Electricity stops equilibrium the most afterwards, jointly charges;During electric discharge, preferentially make the battery discharge that electricity is high, stop the most afterwards until the two electricity
Only equilibrium, discharges jointly;Time idle, part electricity is passed to, by inductance, the battery that electricity is low by the battery that electricity is high;Ignore
Line resistance, due to inductance not consumed energy, so this equalizing circuit can realize zero loss in theory.
Considering further that the work process of equilibrium expanded circuit, its equalization methods is roughly the same with above-mentioned basic ideas, expands with k level
As a example by exhibition circuit, it comprises an ECkWith two k-1 level expanded circuits, as shown in the theory diagram of Fig. 1 (b), contrast equilibrium electricity
Road unit, ECkEC can be regarded as0, two k-1 level expanded circuits can regard B asHAnd BL;Under charging and idle state, k level extension electricity
Road is just the same with the balancing procedure of 0 grade of expanded circuit, and concrete steps are as shown in Figure 4;In the discharged condition, for avoiding output electricity
Pressure is dropped, and takes limiter stage equalization, the most only carries out 0~j level circuit conditioning (or the n=j in Fig. 4), and the size of j is pacified by voltage
Full fluctuation range determines, if scope range of the fluctuation of voltage is 8V, each monomer battery voltage is 1V, then j desirable 3.