CN105140998A - Bidirectional lossless equalization circuit of series battery pack based on inductive energy storage - Google Patents
Bidirectional lossless equalization circuit of series battery pack based on inductive energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN105140998A CN105140998A CN201510583482.2A CN201510583482A CN105140998A CN 105140998 A CN105140998 A CN 105140998A CN 201510583482 A CN201510583482 A CN 201510583482A CN 105140998 A CN105140998 A CN 105140998A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a bidirectional lossless equalization circuit of a series battery pack based on inductive energy storage, wherein, the series battery pack is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper half part battery is an upper battery pack, and the lower half part battery is a lower battery pack. Each battery connects an equalization branch circuit, a total equalization branch circuit bestrides and connects a power supply and the earth, and each equalization branch circuit connects a control circuit. The circuit can realize a dynamic equalization during the charge-discharge process of the battery pack, improve a non-equalization phenomenon of the series battery pack, improve an available capacity of the battery pack, reduce a repairing and replacing cycle of the series battery pack, and prolong a service life of the battery pack by controlling the on and off of an upper bridge and a low bridge MOSFET in the equalization branch circuit and the inductive energy storage. Thus, the circuit is suitable for a battery management system of an energy storage device of a hybrid electric vehicle, a pure electric vehicle, or a storage power station.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to series battery balancing technique, be specifically related to the two-way non-dissipative equalizing of the series battery based on the inductive energy storage circuit being applicable to the energy storage equipment in mixed power electric car, pure electric automobile or storage station.
Background technology
Series battery is after multiple charge and discharge cycles, and the distribution of the residual capacity of each battery cell roughly there will be three kinds of situations: the residual capacity of Individual cells monomer is higher; The residual capacity of Individual cells monomer is on the low side; The residual capacity of Individual cells monomer is higher and residual capacity that is Individual cells monomer is on the low side.
For above-mentioned three kinds of situations, Chinese scholars all proposes oneself solution.Situation as higher in the residual capacity for Individual cells monomer, researcher is had to propose parallel resistance shunting, the energy of battery module higher for residual capacity is fallen by resistance consumption by controlling corresponding switching device by it, energy wastes by the method, and in balancing procedure, create a large amount of heat, add the load of battery thermal management.Also have researcher to propose the equalizing circuit such as bi-directional DC-DC equalization, coaxial transformer equalization, these circuit all have employed transformer, add the cost of equalizing circuit.
The method of current Li-ion batteries piles Balance route, according to the Expenditure Levels of circuit in balancing procedure to energy, can be divided into energy-dissipating and the large class of energy non-dissipative type two; According to equalization function classification, charge balancing, equalization discharge and dynamic equalization can be divided into.Charge balancing refers to the equilibrium in charging process, is generally to start equilibrium when batteries monomer voltage reaches set point, prevents overcharge by reducing charging current; Equalization discharge refers to the equilibrium in discharge process, prevents overdischarge by the battery cell makeup energy low to dump energy; Dynamic equalization mode combines the advantage of charge balancing and equalization discharge, refers in whole charge and discharge process the equilibrium that battery pack is carried out.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in the battery management system of series battery, to adopt the two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on inductive energy storage, to overcome prior art above shortcomings.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals.
Based on the series battery Bidirectional charging-discharging equalizing circuit of inductive energy storage, wherein series battery is divided into upper and lower two parts, the upper battery pack of all battery cell compositions of the first half, the lower battery pack of all battery cell compositions of the latter half; When battery cell sum n is even number, the battery cell number of top and the bottom is n/2, and when battery cell sum n is odd number, the number of monomers of upper battery pack is (n+1)/2, and the number of monomers of lower battery pack is (n-1)/2; All battery cells distinguish called after B successively from top to bottom
1, B
2, B
3... B
n, B
1positive pole connect power supply, B
nminus earth; All balanced with one electronic circuit of each battery cell is connected; The quantity of balanced electronic circuit is n+1, and wherein the balanced electronic circuit of n is connected with n battery cell accordingly, and another balanced electronic circuit is as total balanced electronic circuit, and separation and the common point of total balanced electronic circuit and upper battery pack and lower battery pack are connected; Each balanced electronic circuit is with the MOSFET of fly-wheel diodes and energy storage inductor to form by two.
Further optimally, each balanced electronic circuit comprises brachium pontis MOSFET and lower brachium pontis MOSFET all separately, and the source electrode of upper brachium pontis MOSFET is all connected with one end of energy storage inductor with the drain electrode of lower brachium pontis MOSFET; The drain electrode of upper brachium pontis MOSFET is as the first output, and the grid of upper brachium pontis MOSFET is as the second output, and the grid of lower brachium pontis MOSFET is as the 3rd output, and the source electrode of lower brachium pontis MOSFET is as the 4th output, and the other end of L is as the 5th output; Second output, the 3rd output are connected with control circuit, and turning on and off of MOSFET is controlled by control circuit; In the balanced electronic circuit connected with the battery cell of upper battery pack, the battery cell positive pole that the first output is corresponding with this is connected, and the 5th output is connected with corresponding battery cell negative pole, the 4th output head grounding; In the balanced electronic circuit connected with the battery cell of lower battery pack, the 5th output battery cell positive pole corresponding to this is connected, and the 4th output is connected with corresponding battery cell negative pole, and first exports termination power; First of total balanced electronic circuit exports termination power, and the 4th output head grounding, the 5th output connects the common point of battery pack and lower battery pack.
Further optimally, described battery cell is battery module, and battery module is lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery or ultracapacitor.
Further optimally, the size of the control signal frequency of described control circuit is according to the switching loss of the inductance value of controlled circuit energy storage inductor, MOSFET, battery cell voltage, battery cell capacity and determining.
Further optimally, the duty ratio of the output drive signal of described control circuit meets makes energy storage inductor reset within each signal period, and namely the electric current of energy storage inductor is first started from scratch rising, finally drops to zero again.
The operation principle of balanced electronic circuit is as follows.
In charging process, if the B in upper battery pack
ibattery cell terminal voltage is that all monomers are the highest, in order to avoid to B
iovercharge, within a PWM cycle, makes B
icorresponding balanced electronic circuit S
iupper brachium pontis MOSFETS
iaconducting, then electric current passes through S
ia, S
ienergy storage inductor L
iand B
i, B
ielectric discharge is L
istorage power; S
iamake it turn off after opening certain hour, now electric current passes through S
ilower brachium pontis MOSFETS
ibfly-wheel diode, L
iand B
i+1, B
i+2b
n, L
irelease energy to B
i+1, B
i+2b
n, achieve energy from B
ito B
i+1, B
i+2b
ntransfer.And if the B in lower battery pack
jbattery cell terminal voltage is that all monomers are the highest, in order to avoid to B
jovercharge, within a PWM cycle, makes B
jcorresponding balanced electronic circuit S
jlower brachium pontis MOSFETS
jbconducting, then electric current passes through S
jb, S
jenergy storage inductor L
jand B
j, B
jelectric discharge is L
jstorage power; S
jbmake it turn off after opening certain hour, now electric current passes through S
jupper brachium pontis MOSFETS
jafly-wheel diode, L
jand B
1, B
2b
i-1, L
jrelease energy to B
1, B
2b
i-1, achieve energy from B
jto B
1, B
2b
i-1transfer.
In discharge process, if the B in upper battery pack
imonomer terminal voltage is that all monomers are minimum, in order to avoid B
ioverdischarge, within a PWM cycle, makes B
icorresponding balanced electronic circuit S
ilower brachium pontis MOSFETS
ibconducting, then electric current passes through S
ib, S
ienergy storage inductor L
iand B
i+1, B
i+2b
n, B
i+1, B
i+2b
nelectric discharge is L
istorage power; S
ibmake it turn off after opening certain hour, now electric current passes through S
iupper brachium pontis MOSFETS
iafly-wheel diode, L
iand B
i, L
irelease energy to B
i, achieve energy from B
i+1, B
i+2b
nto B
itransfer.And if the B in lower battery pack
jmonomer terminal voltage is that all monomers are minimum, in order to avoid to B
joverdischarge, within a PWM cycle, makes B
jcorresponding balanced electronic circuit S
jupper brachium pontis MOSFETS
jaconducting, then electric current passes through S
ja, S
jenergy storage inductor L
jand B
1, B
2b
j-1, B
1, B
2b
j-1electric discharge is L
jstorage power; S
jamake it turn off after opening certain hour, now electric current passes through S
jlower brachium pontis MOSFETS
jbfly-wheel diode, L
jand B
j, L
jrelease energy to B
j, achieve energy from B
1, B
2b
j-1to B
jtransfer.
It is balanced that total balanced electronic circuit carries out entirety to upper battery pack and lower battery pack, and electronic circuit balanced with other works simultaneously.In charging process, if upper battery pack average terminal voltage is greater than lower battery pack average terminal voltage, within a PWM cycle, make brachium pontis MOSFETS on total balanced electronic circuit
aconducting, then electric current is by upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
a, total balanced electronic circuit energy storage inductor L and upper battery pack, upper battery power discharge is L storage power; Upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
amake it turn off after opening certain hour, now electric current is by brachium pontis MOSFETS under total balanced electronic circuit
bfly-wheel diode, L and lower battery pack, L releases energy to lower battery pack, achieve energy from power on pond group to the transfer of lower battery pack; If lower battery pack average terminal voltage is greater than battery pack average terminal voltage, within a PWM cycle, make brachium pontis MOSFETS under total balanced electronic circuit
bconducting, then electric current is by lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
b, total balanced electronic circuit energy storage inductor L and lower battery pack, lower battery power discharge is L storage power; Lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
bmake it turn off after opening certain hour, now electric current is by brachium pontis MOSFETS on total balanced electronic circuit
afly-wheel diode, L and upper battery pack, L releases energy supreme battery pack, achieves energy from lower battery pack to the transfer of upper battery pack; In discharge process, if upper battery pack average terminal voltage is less than lower battery pack average terminal voltage, within a PWM cycle, make brachium pontis MOSFETS under total balanced electronic circuit
bconducting, then electric current is by lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
b, total balanced electronic circuit energy storage inductor L and lower battery pack, lower battery power discharge is L storage power; Lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
bmake it turn off after opening certain hour, now electric current is by brachium pontis MOSFETS on total balanced electronic circuit
afly-wheel diode, L and upper battery pack, L releases energy supreme battery pack, achieves energy from lower battery pack to the transfer of upper battery pack; If lower battery pack average terminal voltage is less than battery pack average terminal voltage, within a PWM cycle, make brachium pontis MOSFETS on total balanced electronic circuit
aconducting, then electric current is by upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
a, total balanced electronic circuit energy storage inductor L and upper battery pack, upper battery power discharge is L storage power; Upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
amake it turn off after opening certain hour, now electric current is by brachium pontis MOSFETS under total balanced electronic circuit
bfly-wheel diode, L and lower battery pack, L releases energy to lower battery pack, achieve energy from power on pond group to the transfer of lower battery pack.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages and technique effect:
The present invention adopts equalizing circuit to ensure that the monomer in battery pack does not occur overcharge and overdischarge in charging and discharging process, improve the unbalanced phenomenon of series battery, improve the active volume of battery pack, reduce maintenance and the replacement cycle of series battery, extend useful life of battery pack, reduce the operating cost of hybrid vehicle, electric automobile and storage station.In charging process, when in battery pack, any one monomer energy is too high, can by the balancing energy of this monomer to other all residual monomer of battery pack; In discharge process, when in battery pack, any one monomer energy is too low, the monomer that can this energy given too low the balancing energy of other all residual monomer of battery pack.
The present invention owing to adopting above-mentioned dynamic nondestructive cell balancing in series battery cells management system, can ensure that each battery does not occur overcharge and overdischarge in charging and discharging process, improve the unbalanced phenomenon of series battery, improve the active volume of battery pack, extend the useful life of battery pack, reduce the cost of energy-storage system of accumulator in hybrid vehicle, electric automobile and power station.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on inductive energy storage.
Fig. 2 is balanced electronic circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the equalizing circuit schematic diagram for 4 batteries.
Fig. 4 is the balanced electronic circuit S for 4 batteries
ifundamental diagram in charging process.
Fig. 5 is the balanced electronic circuit S for 4 batteries
ifundamental diagram in discharge process.
Fig. 6 is the course of work schematic diagram of total balanced electronic circuit S in charging process for 4 batteries.
Fig. 7 is the course of work schematic diagram of total balanced electronic circuit S in discharge process for 4 batteries.
Fig. 8 is for the voltage oscillogram of each battery cell in the equalizing circuit of 4 batteries charging emulation experiment.
Fig. 9 is for the voltage oscillogram of each battery cell in the equalizing circuit of 4 batteries electric discharge emulation experiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated (the present invention only relates to equalizing circuit part, and control circuit is circuit parameter values programming realization and the setting that those skilled in the art can refer to existing embody rule).
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the two-way non-dissipative equalizing circuit of series battery based on inductive energy storage.Wherein, series battery is divided into upper and lower two parts, and the first half battery cell is upper battery pack, and the latter half battery cell is lower battery pack; When battery cell sum n is even number, top and the bottom battery cell number is n/2, and when battery cell sum n is odd number, upper battery pack number of monomers is (n+1)/2, and lower batteries monomer number is (n-1)/2; Battery cell distinguishes called after B from top to bottom
1, B
2, B
3... B
n, B
1positive pole meet V
cC, B
nminus earth GND.All balanced with one electronic circuit of each battery cell is connected, and balanced electronic circuit add up to n+1, one that has more total balanced electronic circuit is connected across power supply V
cCand between ground GND.
Fig. 2 is balanced electronic circuit schematic diagram.Each balanced electronic circuit is with the MOSFET of fly-wheel diodes and energy storage inductor L to form by two, wherein goes up brachium pontis MOSFETS
asource electrode and lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
bdrain electrode be connected with one end of energy storage inductor L; Upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
adrain electrode as the first output a, upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
agrid as the second output b, lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
bgrid as the 3rd output c, lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
bsource electrode as the other end of the 4th output d, L as the 5th output e; Second output b, c is connected with control circuit, and turning on and off of MOSFET is controlled by control circuit; The balanced electronic circuit connected with upper batteries monomer, a end is connected with corresponding battery cell positive pole, and e end is connected with corresponding battery cell negative pole, and d holds ground connection GND; The balanced electronic circuit connected with lower batteries monomer, e end is connected with corresponding battery cell positive pole, and d end is connected with corresponding battery cell negative pole, a termination V
cC; Total balanced electronic circuit a termination power V
cC, d holds ground connection GND, the common point k of battery pack and lower battery pack in e termination.
Fig. 3 is the equalizing circuit schematic diagram for 4 batteries.Battery cell sum n=4, top and the bottom battery cell number is 2, and battery cell distinguishes called after B from top to bottom
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4respectively with balanced electronic circuit S
1, S
2, S
3, S
4be connected, total balanced electronic circuit S is connected across battery pack two ends.
Only as an example, Fig. 4 is the balanced electronic circuit S for 4 batteries
ifundamental diagram in charging process.If the B in upper battery pack
1monomer terminal voltage is that all monomers are the highest, in order to avoid to B
1overcharge, within a PWM cycle, makes S
1upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
1aconducting, then current i
c1pass through S
1a, S
1energy storage inductor L
1and B
1, B
1electric discharge is L
1storage power; S
1ait is made to turn off after opening certain hour, now current i
d1pass through S
1lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
1bfly-wheel diode, L
1and B
2, B
3, B
4, L
1release energy to B
2, B
3, B
4, achieve energy from B
1to B
2, B
3, B
4transfer.
Fig. 5 is the balanced electronic circuit S for 4 batteries
ifundamental diagram in discharge process.If the B in lower battery pack
3monomer terminal voltage is that all monomers are minimum, in order to avoid to B
3overdischarge, within a PWM cycle, makes S
3upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
3aconducting, then current i
c3pass through S
3a, S
3energy storage inductor L
3and B
1, B
2, B
1, B
2electric discharge is L
3storage power; S
3ait is made to turn off after opening certain hour, now current i
d3pass through S
3lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
3bfly-wheel diode, L
3and B
3, L
3release energy to B
3, achieve energy from B
1, B
2to B
3transfer.
Fig. 6 is the course of work schematic diagram of total balanced electronic circuit S in charging process for 4 batteries.If upper battery pack average terminal voltage is greater than lower battery pack average terminal voltage, within a PWM cycle, make brachium pontis MOSFETS on S
aconducting, then current i
cby upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
a, the energy storage inductor L of S and upper battery pack, upper battery power discharge is L storage power; Upper brachium pontis MOSFETS
ait is made to turn off after opening certain hour, now current i
dby brachium pontis MOSFETS under S
bfly-wheel diode, L and lower battery pack, L releases energy to lower battery pack, achieve energy from power on pond group to the transfer of lower battery pack.
Fig. 7 is the course of work schematic diagram of total balanced electronic circuit S in discharge process for 4 batteries.If upper battery pack average terminal voltage is less than lower battery pack average terminal voltage, within a PWM cycle, make brachium pontis MOSFETS under S
bconducting, then current i
cby lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
b, total balanced electronic circuit energy storage inductor L and lower battery pack, lower battery power discharge is L storage power; Lower brachium pontis MOSFETS
bit is made to turn off after opening certain hour, now current i
dby brachium pontis MOSFETS on S
afly-wheel diode, L and upper battery pack, L releases energy supreme battery pack, achieves energy from lower battery pack to the transfer of upper battery pack.
Fig. 8 is for the voltage oscillogram of each battery cell in the equalizing circuit of 4 batteries charging emulation experiment.The size of the control signal frequency of described control circuit is according to the switching loss of the inductance value of controlled circuit energy storage inductor, MOSFET, battery cell voltage, battery cell capacity and determining; The duty ratio of the output drive signal of control circuit meets makes energy storage inductor reset within each signal period, and namely the electric current of energy storage inductor is first started from scratch rising, finally drops to zero again.As shown in Figure 8, each battery cell achieves electric voltage equalization by equalizing circuit.Fig. 9 is that known each battery cell achieves electric voltage equalization by equalizing circuit for the voltage oscillogram of each battery cell in the equalizing circuit of 4 batteries electric discharge emulation experiment.
Claims (5)
1. based on the series battery Bidirectional charging-discharging equalizing circuit of inductive energy storage, it is characterized in that: series battery is divided into upper and lower two parts, the upper battery pack of all battery cell compositions of the first half, the lower battery pack of all battery cell compositions of the latter half; When battery cell sum n is even number, the battery cell number of top and the bottom is n/2, and when battery cell sum n is odd number, the number of monomers of upper battery pack is (n+1)/2, and the number of monomers of lower battery pack is (n-1)/2; All battery cells distinguish called after B successively from top to bottom
1, B
2, B
3... B
n, B
1positive pole meet power supply (V
cC), B
nminus earth (GND); All balanced with one electronic circuit of each battery cell is connected; The quantity of balanced electronic circuit is n+1, and wherein the balanced electronic circuit of n is connected with n battery cell accordingly, and another balanced electronic circuit is as total balanced electronic circuit, and separation and the common point (k) of total balanced electronic circuit and upper battery pack and lower battery pack are connected; Each balanced electronic circuit is with the MOSFET of fly-wheel diodes and energy storage inductor (L) to form by two.
2. the series battery Bidirectional charging-discharging equalizing circuit based on inductive energy storage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: each balanced electronic circuit comprises brachium pontis MOSFET(S all separately
a) and lower brachium pontis MOSFET(S
b), upper brachium pontis MOSFET(S
a) source electrode and lower brachium pontis MOSFET(S
b) drain electrode be all connected with one end of energy storage inductor; Upper brachium pontis MOSFET(S
a) drain electrode as the first output (a), upper brachium pontis MOSFET(S
a) grid as the second output (b), lower brachium pontis MOSFET(S
b) grid as the 3rd output (c), lower brachium pontis MOSFET(S
b) source electrode as the 4th output (d), the other end of L is as the 5th output (e); Second output (b), the 3rd output (c) are connected with control circuit, and turning on and off of MOSFET is controlled by control circuit; In the balanced electronic circuit connected with the battery cell of upper battery pack, the battery cell positive pole that the first output (a) is corresponding with this is connected, and the 5th output (e) is connected with corresponding battery cell negative pole, the 4th output (d) ground connection (GND); In the balanced electronic circuit connected with the battery cell of lower battery pack, the 5th output (e) battery cell positive pole corresponding to this is connected, and the 4th output (d) is connected with corresponding battery cell negative pole, and the first output (a) meets power supply (V
cC); First output (a) of total balanced electronic circuit meets power supply (V
cC), the 4th output (d) ground connection (GND), the 5th output (e) connects the common point (k) of battery pack and lower battery pack.
3. the series battery Bidirectional charging-discharging equalizing circuit based on inductive energy storage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described battery cell is battery module, and battery module is lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery or ultracapacitor.
4. the series battery Bidirectional charging-discharging equalizing circuit based on inductive energy storage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the size of the control signal frequency of described control circuit is according to the switching loss of the inductance value of controlled circuit energy storage inductor, MOSFET, battery cell voltage, battery cell capacity and determining.
5. the series battery Bidirectional charging-discharging equalizing circuit based on inductive energy storage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the duty ratio of the output drive signal of described control circuit meets makes energy storage inductor reset within each signal period, namely the electric current of energy storage inductor is first started from scratch rising, finally drops to zero again.
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