CN112583084A - Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on capacitor and conductive film - Google Patents
Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on capacitor and conductive film Download PDFInfo
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- CN112583084A CN112583084A CN202011565009.9A CN202011565009A CN112583084A CN 112583084 A CN112583084 A CN 112583084A CN 202011565009 A CN202011565009 A CN 202011565009A CN 112583084 A CN112583084 A CN 112583084A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 37
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film, which comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the balancing subcircuit comprises a plurality of balancing units and a supplementary switch, wherein each balancing unit comprises a single battery, a capacitor and two switches; the battery monomer of each balancing unit is connected with the capacitor in series, one end of each switch is connected with the two ends of the capacitor, and the other end of each switch is connected with the battery monomer; the supplementary switch is connected in series with the battery monomer and the capacitor of the first equalizing unit; one switch of the previous equalizing unit is connected with the battery monomer and the capacitor of the next equalizing unit in series; the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units with the same number as the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the capacitance of the corresponding equalizing unit in parallel through the two switches of each heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery. The power battery can be heated by balancing the electric quantity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power battery electric quantity equalization, and particularly relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film.
Background
The existing battery equalization circuit has two modes of active equalization and passive equalization, mainly considers the problem of electric quantity equalization among battery monomers, but ignores heat generated in the process of electric quantity equalization. In the active equalization circuit, the current formed is large, and much heat is generated inside the battery, but the heat is not utilized reasonably. The passive equalization circuit mainly discharges the high-power battery through the energy consumption resistor, and heat generated by the energy consumption resistor is directly dissipated into the air, so that energy waste is caused.
In a low-temperature environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the power battery is increased, the ion conduction speed is reduced, and the electron migration speed of an external circuit is mismatched, so that the battery is seriously polarized, and the charge and discharge capacity is sharply reduced. Lithium ions in a low-temperature environment easily form lithium dendrites on the surface of a negative electrode, and when the lithium dendrites are serious, the lithium ions can pierce a positive electrolyte membrane and a negative electrolyte membrane, so that the battery explodes. The internal impedance of the lithium battery is also increased in a low temperature environment, reducing the performance of the lithium battery.
Therefore, this application provides a composite circuit with balanced electric quantity and heating function, with the heat make full use of that the electric quantity equalization in-process produced, heats the battery in the low temperature environment when avoiding the energy waste, improves the performance of battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a power battery balancing and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the balancing sub-circuit is characterized by comprising a plurality of balancing units and a supplementary switch, wherein each balancing unit comprises a single battery, a capacitor and two switches; the battery monomer of each balancing unit is connected with the capacitor in series, one end of each switch is connected with the two ends of the capacitor, and the other end of each switch is connected with the battery monomer; the supplementary switch is connected in series with the battery monomer and the capacitor of the first equalizing unit; one switch of the previous equalizing unit is connected with the battery monomer and the capacitor of the next equalizing unit in series;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units with the same number as the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the capacitance of the corresponding equalizing unit in parallel through the two switches of each heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
The switch is an MOS tube or an IGBT.
The conducting film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide-line metal film.
When the voltage difference between the single batteries is larger than or equal to the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold, opening a switch of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located and a switch of the previous equalization unit, communicating the high-electricity single battery with the capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located, and transferring the redundant electricity to the capacitor; then, closing the switch which is opened before, opening the other switch of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the switch of the equalizing unit where the low-power battery monomer is located, communicating the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located with the low-power battery monomer, and transferring the electric quantity on the capacitor to the low-power battery monomer; repeating the operation at the active equalization frequency to realize the active equalization function of the circuit;
when the pressure difference between the single batteries is smaller than the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold value, opening a switch of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located and a switch of the previous equalization unit, communicating the high-electricity single battery with the capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located, and transferring redundant electricity on the high-electricity single battery to the capacitor; then closing the switch of the previous switch, opening two switches between the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the conductive film, communicating the capacitor with the conductive film, discharging the capacitor and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation at the passive equalization frequency to realize the passive equalization function of the circuit;
when the environmental temperature is lower than zero degrees centigrade and the pressure difference between the single batteries is greater than or equal to the heating pressure difference threshold value, opening a switch of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located and a switch of the previous equalization unit, communicating the high-electricity single battery with the capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located, and transferring the redundant electricity on the high-electricity single battery to the capacitor; then closing the switch of the previous switch, opening two switches between the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the conductive film, communicating the capacitor with the conductive film, discharging the capacitor and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation at a low-temperature heating frequency to realize the balance and heating functions of the circuit;
when the environmental temperature is lower than zero degrees centigrade and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than the heating pressure difference threshold value, the supplementary switch and one switch of the last equalizing unit are opened, all the capacitors are connected in series to form an integral capacitor, all the battery monomers are discharged integrally, and the integral capacitor is charged; then, the switch which is opened before is closed, the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit are opened, the conductive film is communicated with the whole capacitor, and the electric quantity on the whole capacitor is transferred to the conductive film; the above operation is repeated at a low temperature heating frequency to realize the heating function of the circuit.
The active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold is 0.03V.
The heating pressure difference threshold value is 0.01V.
The active equalization frequency is greater than or equal to 1000 Hz.
The passive equalization frequency and the heating frequency are both greater than or equal to 200 Hz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the capacitor and the conductive film for heating the power battery at low temperature as a part of the circuit, innovatively designs an active and passive equalization and heating multiplexing structure, combines the active equalization circuit and the passive equalization circuit, solves the problems in the prior art under the condition of adding external equipment, integrates the equalization circuit and the heating circuit, can equalize electric quantity and heat the power battery in a low-temperature environment by using heat generated in the equalization process, improves the performance of the power battery, and ensures the normal work of the power battery.
The control system only needs to acquire the voltage of the battery monomer and the temperature information of the power battery, reasonably selects the function of the circuit, realizes the coordination between the balancing and heating functions, improves the balancing and heating efficiency, and has low cost and simple and reliable realization mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
The invention relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit (short for circuit) based on a capacitor and a conductive film, which comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the balancing sub-circuit is used for balancing the electric quantity of each battery monomer, and the heating sub-circuit is used for heating the power battery to improve the temperature of the power battery;
the balancing subcircuit comprises a plurality of balancing units and a supplementary switch, wherein each balancing unit comprises a single battery, a capacitor and two switches; the battery monomer of each balancing unit is connected with the capacitor in series, one end of each switch is connected with the two ends of the capacitor, and the other end of each switch is connected with the battery monomer; the supplementary switch is connected in series with the battery monomer and the capacitor of the first equalizing unit; one switch of the previous equalizing unit is connected with a battery monomer and a capacitor of the next equalizing unit in series, so that the equalizing units are connected in series in sequence to realize the expansion of the equalizing subcircuit;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units with the same number as the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the capacitor of the corresponding equalizing unit in parallel through the two switches of each heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
The capacitor is used as an electric quantity transferring component, and the electric quantity on the single battery is transferred to the capacitor firstly and then transferred to the conducting film or another single battery; the conductive film is used for external low-temperature heating of the power battery and passive equalization of the battery monomer under low pressure difference.
The conducting film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide-line metal film.
The switch is an MOS tube, a relay or an IGBT, and the like, preferably the MOS tube and the IGBT, and has higher switching speed and higher frequency.
The MOS tube can be of an N type or a P type.
The working principle and the working process of the invention are as follows:
a. electric quantity equalization at normal temperature
And (3) active equalization of normal temperature and high pressure difference: when the voltage difference between the single batteries is larger (greater than or equal to 0.03V), active equalization is adopted, the electric quantity of the single batteries is transferred through corresponding capacitors, the electric quantity of the single batteries is quickly equalized, and finally the electric quantity of each single battery is equalized; namely, a switch of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and a switch of the previous balancing unit are opened, the high-power battery monomer is communicated with the capacitor of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located, and redundant electric quantity on the high-power battery monomer is transferred to the capacitor; then, closing the switch which is opened before, opening the other switch of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the switch of the equalizing unit where the low-power battery monomer is located, communicating the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located with the low-power battery monomer, and further transferring the electric quantity on the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located to the low-power battery monomer; the operations are repeated at a certain frequency (greater than or equal to 1000Hz), so that the electric quantity balance between the two battery cells is realized.
And (3) passive equalization at normal temperature under low pressure difference: when the pressure difference between the single batteries is small (more than 0.01V and less than 0.03V), the pressure difference is ignored when the pressure difference is less than 0.01V at normal temperature; opening a switch of an equalizing unit where the high-electricity battery monomer is located and a switch of a previous equalizing unit, communicating the high-electricity battery monomer with a capacitor of the corresponding equalizing unit, charging the capacitor, and transferring redundant electricity on the high-electricity battery monomer to the capacitor; then, the switch of the previous switch is closed, two switches between the capacitor of the balancing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the conductive film are opened, the capacitor is communicated with the conductive film, the capacitor discharges electricity and transfers the electricity to the conductive film, so that the electricity of the high-power battery monomer is transferred to the conductive film through the capacitor, redundant electricity of the high-power battery monomer is quickly consumed, and the speed of balancing the electricity is improved; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (greater than or equal to 200Hz), and the low-dropout passive equalization function of the circuit is realized.
b. Low temperature heating and electric quantity equalization
Low-temperature high-pressure difference heating and balanced compound action: when the pressure difference between the single batteries is larger (larger than or equal to 0.01V), a switch of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located and a switch of the previous equalization unit are opened, the high-electricity single battery is communicated with the capacitor of the corresponding equalization unit, the capacitor is charged, and redundant electricity on the high-electricity single battery is transferred to the capacitor; then closing the previously opened switch, then opening two switches between the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the conductive film, communicating the capacitor with the conductive film, discharging the capacitor and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (greater than or equal to 200Hz), the electric quantity of the high-electricity battery monomer is transferred to the conductive film through pulse discharge, the conductive film heats the power battery to heat the power battery, and the power battery is heated while the electric quantity is balanced.
Low-temperature non-pressure difference heating: when the voltage difference between the single batteries is smaller than 0.01V and can be ignored and the electric quantity of each single battery is basically balanced, the temperature of the power battery needs to be raised in a low-temperature environment, the supplementary switch and one switch of the last balancing unit are firstly opened, all capacitors are connected in series to form an integral capacitor, all the single batteries are integrally discharged, and the integral capacitor is charged; then closing the switch which is opened before, opening the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit, communicating the conductive film with the integral capacitor, and discharging the integral capacitor; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (more than or equal to 200Hz), pulse discharge is carried out, and the heating function without pressure difference at low temperature is realized by heating the conductive film and simultaneously heating the power battery from the inside and the outside through discharging and heat generation of the internal resistance of the power battery.
Example 1
The embodiment is a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film, as shown in fig. 1, the circuit comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the equalizing subcircuit comprises 5 equalizing units and an N-type MOS tube Q1N-type MOS transistor Q1As a supplementary switch, the heating sub-circuit includes a conductive film and 5 heating sub-units;
wherein, the first equalizing unit comprises a battery cell BT1Capacitor C1N-type MOS tube Q2And N type MOS tube Q3(ii) a The second equalizing unit comprises a battery cell BT2Capacitor C2N-type MOS tube Q4And N type MOS tube Q5(ii) a The third equalizing unit comprises a battery cell BT3Capacitor C3N-type MOS tube Q6And N type MOS tube Q7(ii) a The fourth equalizing unit comprises a battery monomer BT4Capacitor C4N-type MOS tube Q8And N type MOS tube Q9(ii) a The fifth equalizing unit comprises a battery monomer BT5Capacitor C5N-type MOS tube Q10And N type MOS tube Q11(ii) a Only the battery cell BT of the equalization unit six is shown in the figure6And aN-type MOS tube Q12；
The first heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q13And N type MOS tube Q14The second heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q15And N type MOS tube Q16The third heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q17And N type MOS tube Q18The heating unit IV comprises an N-type MOS tube Q19And N type MOS tube Q20The heating unit V comprises an N-type MOS tube Q21And N type MOS tube Q22。
Battery monomer BT1～BT6Sequentially connected in series; n-type MOS tube Q1Source electrode and battery cell BT1Is connected with the positive electrode of an N-type MOS tube Q1Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q2Drain electrode of (1) and capacitor C1Is connected with an N-type MOS transistor Q2Source electrode and N-type MOS tube Q3The source electrode of the battery cell BT1Is connected with the negative electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q3Drain electrode and capacitor C1The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected;
capacitor C2One end of and an N-type MOS tube Q3Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q4Is connected to the drain of the capacitor C2The other end of the N-type MOS transistor and an N-type MOS transistor Q5Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q4Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q5The source electrode of the battery cell BT2The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
capacitor C3One end of and an N-type MOS tube Q5Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q6Is connected to the drain of the capacitor C3The other end of the N-type MOS transistor and an N-type MOS transistor Q7Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q6Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q7The source electrode of the battery cell BT3The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
capacitor C4One end of and an N-type MOS tube Q7Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q8Is connected to the drain of the capacitor C4The other end of the N-type MOS transistor and an N-type MOS transistor Q9Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q8Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q9The source electrode of the battery cell BT4The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
capacitor C5One end of and an N-type MOS tube Q9Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q10Is connected to the drain of the capacitor C5The other end of the N-type MOS transistor and an N-type MOS transistor Q11Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q10Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q11The source electrode of the battery cell BT5The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
n-type MOS tube Q12Drain electrode of and battery cell BT6Is connected with the negative electrode of the N-type MOS tube Q12Source electrode capacitance C5The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected;
n-type MOS tube Q13Source electrode and capacitor C1Is connected with an N-type MOS transistor Q14Source electrode and capacitor C1The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected; n-type MOS tube Q15Source electrode and capacitor C2Is connected with an N-type MOS transistor Q16Source electrode and capacitor C2The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected; n-type MOS tube Q17Source electrode and capacitor C3Is connected with an N-type MOS transistor Q18Source electrode and capacitor C3The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected; n-type MOS tube Q19Source electrode and capacitor C4Is connected with an N-type MOS transistor Q20Source electrode and capacitor C4The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected; n-type MOS tube Q21Source electrode and capacitor C5Is connected with an N-type MOS transistor Q22Source electrode and capacitor C5The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected;
n-type MOS tube Q13Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q15Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q17Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q19Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q21The drain electrodes of the N-type MOS transistors are connected with one end of the conductive film14Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q16Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q18Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q20Drain electrode of the N-type MOS transistor Q22The drain electrodes of the first and second electrodes are connected with the other end of the conductive film;
the gates of the N-type MOS transistors are all connected to an external control module, and the connection relationship is not shown in fig. 1.
Capacitor C1～C5The energy flow unit is used for balancing the battery and heating the power battery; n-type MOS tube Q1～Q12As a switch for exchanging the energy of the battery, the capacitor and the adjacent battery monomer are carried out by controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding N-type MOS tubeThe two adjacent single batteries are connected in parallel to realize energy exchange between the two adjacent single batteries; n-type MOS tube Q13…Q22As a switch for switching the line between the corresponding capacitor and the conductive film.
The power battery does not need to be heated at normal temperature, if the battery monomer BT1And battery cell BT2The pressure difference between the two is larger (more than or equal to 0.03V), and the single battery BT2Is lower than the voltage of the battery cell BT3～BT6(Battery cell BT3～BT6There is no pressure difference or can be neglected), the N-type MOS transistor Q is turned on first1And Q3Make the battery cell BT1And a capacitor C1Form a via to the capacitor C1Charging the battery cell BT1The surplus electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor C1The above step (1); then the N-type MOS tube Q is closed1And Q3Simultaneously turning on N-type MOS transistor Q2And Q4Make the capacitor C1And battery cell BT2Form a via therebetween, a capacitor C1Discharge and transfer power to the battery cell BT2(ii) a The operations are repeated at the frequency of 1000Hz, so that the rapid balance of the electric quantity is realized, and the purpose of actively balancing the high differential pressure is achieved. If the battery monomer BT1And battery cell BT2The pressure difference between the two is larger (more than or equal to 0.03V), and the single battery BT2～BT6If no pressure difference exists or can be ignored, the battery monomer BT is actively balanced through the high pressure difference1The surplus electric quantity is transferred to other battery cells. If the battery monomer BT1And battery cell BT3When the pressure difference is greater than or equal to 0.03V, the balance of the electric quantity needs to be realized through the second balance unit, namely, the battery monomer BT is firstly balanced1The electric quantity of the battery cell BT is transferred to2Then the battery cell BT2The electric quantity of the battery cell BT is transferred to3The above.
The power battery does not need to be heated at normal temperature, if the battery monomer BT1The pressure difference between the battery cell BT and the other battery cells is small (less than 0.03V and more than 0.01V), and the battery cell BT1Is higher than the voltage of the battery monomer BT2～BT6Cell BT2～BT6Is not charged withIf equalization is needed, the N-type MOS tube Q is firstly opened1And Q3Make the battery cell BT1And a capacitor C1Form a via to the capacitor C1Charging the battery cell BT1The surplus electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor C1The above step (1); then the N-type MOS tube Q is closed1And Q3Simultaneously turning on N-type MOS transistor Q13And Q14Make the capacitor C1Forming a via with the conductive film, a capacitor C1Discharging and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; the foregoing operations are repeated at a frequency of 200Hz to equalize the battery cells BT1The low-voltage difference passive balance of the circuit is realized, and the influence of the heat generated by discharging on the temperature of the power battery is small and can be ignored. If the pressure difference between the single batteries is small (less than 0.03V and more than 0.01V), only the single battery BT1And battery cell BT3The voltage of the battery is inconsistent with the voltage of other battery monomers, and the electric quantity needs to be balanced, and the electric quantity is balanced through low-voltage difference passive balance respectively.
The temperature of the power battery needs to be raised in a low-temperature environment (lower than zero DEG C), if the battery unit BT1And battery cell BT2The pressure difference between the two is larger (more than or equal to 0.01V), and the single battery BT2～BT6If there is no pressure difference or is negligible, the N-type MOS transistor Q is turned on first1And Q3Make the battery cell BT1And a capacitor C1Form a via to the capacitor C1Charging the battery cell BT1The surplus electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor C1The above step (1); then the N-type MOS tube Q is closed1And Q3Then turn on the N-type MOS transistor Q13And Q14Make the capacitor C1Forming a via with the conductive film, to the capacitor C1Discharging to transfer the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the above operation at 200Hz to obtain the battery cell BT1And performing pulse discharge to enable the electric quantity of each battery monomer to be equal, and heating the power battery while balancing the electric quantity.
Under the condition that the temperature of the power battery needs to be raised in a low-temperature environment (lower than zero degrees centigrade) and the electric quantity of each battery cell is basically balanced (the pressure difference is less than 0.01V), the N-type M is openedOS tube Q1And Q11At this time, the capacitance C1～C5Equivalent to an integral capacitor, for a single battery BT1～BT5Carrying out integral discharge, and transferring the electric quantity to an integral capacitor; then the N-type MOS tube Q is closed1And Q11Turn on the N-type MOS transistor Q13And Q22Connecting the conductive film with the whole capacitor in series, discharging the whole capacitor and transferring electric quantity to the conductive film; and repeating the operation at the frequency of 200Hz to perform pulse discharge, and heating the power battery through the heating of the conductive film and the heating of the internal resistance of the power battery, thereby realizing the function of non-pressure-difference heating at low temperature.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the balancing sub-circuit is characterized by comprising a plurality of balancing units and a supplementary switch, wherein each balancing unit comprises a single battery, a capacitor and two switches; the battery monomer of each balancing unit is connected with the capacitor in series, one end of each switch is connected with the two ends of the capacitor, and the other end of each switch is connected with the battery monomer; the supplementary switch is connected in series with the battery monomer and the capacitor of the first equalizing unit; one switch of the previous equalizing unit is connected with the battery monomer and the capacitor of the next equalizing unit in series;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units with the same number as the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the capacitance of the corresponding equalizing unit in parallel through the two switches of each heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
2. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on capacitance and conductive film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switch is a MOS transistor or an IGBT.
3. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on a capacitor and a conductive film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conductive film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide wire metal film.
4. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on the capacitor and the conductive film as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the voltage difference between the battery cells is greater than or equal to the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold, a switch of the equalization unit where the high-power battery cell is located and a switch of the previous equalization unit are opened to communicate the high-power battery cell with the capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-power battery cell is located, and the redundant electric quantity is transferred to the capacitor; then, closing the switch which is opened before, opening the other switch of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the switch of the equalizing unit where the low-power battery monomer is located, communicating the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located with the low-power battery monomer, and transferring the electric quantity on the capacitor to the low-power battery monomer; repeating the operation at the active equalization frequency to realize the active equalization function of the circuit;
when the pressure difference between the single batteries is smaller than the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold value, opening a switch of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located and a switch of the previous equalization unit, communicating the high-electricity single battery with the capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located, and transferring redundant electricity on the high-electricity single battery to the capacitor; then closing the switch of the previous switch, opening two switches between the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the conductive film, communicating the capacitor with the conductive film, discharging the capacitor and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation at the passive equalization frequency to realize the passive equalization function of the circuit;
when the environmental temperature is lower than zero degrees centigrade and the pressure difference between the single batteries is greater than or equal to the heating pressure difference threshold value, opening a switch of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located and a switch of the previous equalization unit, communicating the high-electricity single battery with the capacitor of the equalization unit where the high-electricity single battery is located, and transferring the redundant electricity on the high-electricity single battery to the capacitor; then closing the switch of the previous switch, opening two switches between the capacitor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located and the conductive film, communicating the capacitor with the conductive film, discharging the capacitor and transferring the electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation at a low-temperature heating frequency to realize the balance and heating functions of the circuit;
when the environmental temperature is lower than zero degrees centigrade and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than the heating pressure difference threshold value, the supplementary switch and one switch of the last equalizing unit are opened, all the capacitors are connected in series to form an integral capacitor, all the battery monomers are discharged integrally, and the integral capacitor is charged; then, the switch which is opened before is closed, the switches at the two ends of the heating sub-circuit are opened, the conductive film is communicated with the whole capacitor, and the electric quantity on the whole capacitor is transferred to the conductive film; the above operation is repeated at a low temperature heating frequency to realize the heating function of the circuit.
5. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on the inductor and the conductive film as claimed in claim 4, wherein the active and passive equalization differential pressure threshold is 0.03V.
6. The inductance and conductive film based power battery equalization and heating composite circuit according to claim 4, wherein the heating voltage difference threshold is 0.01V.
7. The inductance and conductive film based power cell balancing and heating composite circuit according to claim 4, wherein the active balancing frequency is greater than or equal to 1000 Hz.
8. The inductance and conductive film based power battery equalization and heating composite circuit of claim 4, wherein the passive equalization frequency and the heating frequency are both greater than or equal to 200 Hz.
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