CN112531856A - Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on inductor and conductive film - Google Patents
Power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on inductor and conductive film Download PDFInfo
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- CN112531856A CN112531856A CN202011566933.9A CN202011566933A CN112531856A CN 112531856 A CN112531856 A CN 112531856A CN 202011566933 A CN202011566933 A CN 202011566933A CN 112531856 A CN112531856 A CN 112531856A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 37
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductor and a conductive film, which is characterized by comprising an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the balancing sub-circuit comprises a plurality of balancing units, and each balancing unit comprises a single battery, an energy storage inductor, a switch and a diode; the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of each balancing unit are connected in series, and the diode is connected with the switch in parallel; the energy storage inductor of the previous balancing unit is connected with the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of the next balancing unit in series; the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units with the same number as the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the switch of the corresponding equalizing unit in parallel through the two switches; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery. An active and passive balance and heating composite circuit is innovatively designed by using an energy storage inductor and a conductive film for heating a power battery as a part of the circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power battery electric quantity equalization, and particularly relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductor and a conductive film.
Background
The equalization circuit has two modes of active equalization and passive equalization, mainly considers the problem of electric quantity equalization among the battery monomers, but ignores the heat generated in the process of electric quantity equalization. The active equalization generates a larger current and generates more heat inside the battery, but the heat is not utilized reasonably. The passive balance mainly discharges the high-power battery through the energy consumption resistor, and heat generated by the energy consumption resistor is directly dissipated into the air, so that energy waste is caused.
In a low-temperature environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the power battery is increased, the ion conduction speed is reduced, and the electron migration speed of an external circuit is mismatched, so that the battery is seriously polarized, and the charge and discharge capacity is sharply reduced. Lithium ions in a low-temperature environment easily form lithium dendrites on the surface of a negative electrode, and a positive electrolyte membrane and a negative electrolyte membrane can be punctured in a serious condition, so that the battery explodes, and meanwhile, the internal impedance of the lithium battery is increased in the low-temperature environment, and the performance of the lithium battery is reduced.
Therefore, this application provides a composite circuit with balanced electric quantity and heating function, with the heat make full use of that the electric quantity equalization in-process produced, heats the battery in the low temperature environment when avoiding the energy waste, improves the performance of battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a power battery balancing and heating composite circuit based on an inductor and a conductive film.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductor and a conductive film is characterized by comprising an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the balancing sub-circuit comprises a plurality of balancing units, and each balancing unit comprises a single battery, an energy storage inductor, a switch and a diode; the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of each balancing unit are connected in series, and the diode is connected with the switch in parallel; the energy storage inductor of the previous balancing unit is connected with the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of the next balancing unit in series;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units with the same number as the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the switch of the corresponding equalizing unit in parallel through the two switches; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
The conducting film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide-line metal film.
The switch is an MOS tube or an IGBT.
When the pressure difference between the single batteries is larger than or equal to the active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold value at normal temperature, opening a switch of an equalization unit where the single battery with high electric quantity is located, transferring redundant electric quantity of the single battery with high electric quantity to an energy storage inductor of the equalization unit, then closing the switch of the equalization unit where the single battery with high electric quantity is located, opening a switch of the equalization unit where the single battery with low electric quantity is located, and transferring redundant electric quantity to the single battery with low electric quantity; repeating the operation at the active equalization frequency to realize the active equalization function of the circuit;
when the pressure difference between the single batteries is smaller than the active and passive equilibrium pressure difference threshold value at normal temperature, a switch between the single battery with high electric quantity and the conducting film is opened, and the redundant electric quantity of the single battery with high electric quantity is transferred to the conducting film; repeating the operation at the passive equalization frequency to realize the passive equalization function of the circuit;
when the environmental temperature is lower than zero degrees centigrade and the pressure difference between the single batteries is greater than or equal to the heating pressure difference threshold value, opening a switch between the single batteries with high electric quantity and the conductive film, carrying out pulse discharge on the single batteries with high electric quantity, and transferring redundant electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation at a heating frequency, wherein the conductive film generates heat to heat the power battery, so that the balance and heating functions of the circuit are realized;
when the environmental temperature is lower than zero degrees centigrade and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than the heating pressure difference threshold value, switches at two ends of the heating sub-circuit are opened, all the battery monomers are connected with the conductive film in series as a whole, and pulse discharge is carried out on all the battery monomers; and repeating the operation at a heating frequency, wherein the conductive film generates heat to heat the power battery, so that the heating function of the circuit is realized.
The active and passive equalization pressure difference threshold is 0.03V.
The heating pressure difference threshold value is 0.01V.
The active equalization frequency is greater than or equal to 1000 Hz.
The passive equalization frequency and the heating frequency are both greater than or equal to 200 Hz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the energy storage inductor and the conductive film for heating the power battery as a part of the circuit, creatively designs the composite circuit for active and passive equalization and heating, solves the problems in the prior art without adding external equipment, integrates the equalization circuit and the heating circuit, can equalize the electric quantity and heat the power battery in a low-temperature environment by utilizing the heat generated in the equalization process, improves the performance of the power battery, and ensures the normal work of the power battery.
The control system only needs to acquire the voltage of the battery monomer and the temperature information of the power battery, reasonably selects the functions of the circuit, realizes the coordination between the balancing and heating functions, improves the balancing and heating efficiency, and has low cost and simple and reliable realization mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit (short for circuit) based on an inductor and a conductive film, which comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the balancing sub-circuit is used for balancing electric quantity, and the heating sub-circuit is used for heating the power battery to improve the temperature of the power battery;
the power battery comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in series; the balancing sub-circuit comprises a plurality of balancing units, and each balancing unit comprises a battery monomer BT, an energy storage inductor L, a switch and a diode D; the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of each balancing unit are connected in series, and the diode is connected with the switch in parallel; the energy storage inductor of the previous balancing unit is connected with the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of the next balancing unit in series, so that the balancing units of the balancing sub-circuit are sequentially connected in series to realize the expansion of the balancing sub-circuit;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units with the same number as the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected in parallel with the switch of the corresponding equalizing unit through the two switches of the heating unit; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
The energy storage inductor is used as an energy transfer component; the conductive film is used for external low-temperature heating of the power battery and passive equalization of the battery monomer under low pressure difference.
The switch is an MOS tube, an IGBT and the like.
The MOS tube can be of an N type or a P type; when the MOS tube of the balancing unit is of an N type, the drain electrode of the N type MOS tube of each balancing unit is connected with the anode of the battery monomer and the cathode of the diode, the source electrode of the N type MOS tube is connected with the energy storage inductor and the anode of the diode, and the grid electrode of the N type MOS tube is connected with the external control module. When the MOS tubes of the balancing units are P-type, the source electrode of the P-type MOS tube of each balancing unit is connected with the anode of the battery monomer and the cathode of the diode, the drain electrode of the P-type MOS tube is connected with the energy storage inductor and the anode of the diode, and the grid electrode of the P-type MOS tube is connected with the external control module.
When the MOS tube of the heating unit is of an N type, the heating unit comprises two N type MOS tubes, wherein the drain electrode of one N type MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the N type MOS tube corresponding to the equalizing unit, the source electrode of one N type MOS tube is connected with one end of the conductive film, the drain electrode of the other N type MOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the N type MOS tube corresponding to the equalizing unit, and the source electrode of the other N type MOS tube is connected with the other end of the conductive film. When the heating unit comprises two P-type MOS tubes, the source electrode of one P-type MOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the P-type MOS tube corresponding to the equalizing unit, the drain electrode of one P-type MOS tube is connected with one end of the conducting film, the source electrode of the other P-type MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the P-type MOS tube corresponding to the equalizing unit, and the drain electrode of the other P-type MOS tube is connected with the other end of the conducting film.
The conducting film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide-line metal film and the like.
The working principle and the working process of the invention are as follows:
a. electric quantity equalization at normal temperature
And (3) active equalization of normal temperature and high pressure difference: when the voltage difference between the single batteries is larger (greater than or equal to 0.03V), active equalization is adopted, and the electric quantity of the single batteries is transferred through corresponding energy storage inductors, so that the electric quantity of each single battery is equal finally; namely: opening a switch of an equalizing unit where a high-power battery monomer is located, transferring the power of the high-power battery monomer to an energy storage inductor of the equalizing unit, then closing the switch of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located, opening a switch of the equalizing unit where a low-power battery monomer is located, connecting the energy storage inductor of the equalizing unit where the high-power battery monomer is located with the battery monomer, the switch and the energy storage inductor of the equalizing unit where the low-power battery monomer is located in series, further transferring the redundant power of the high-power battery monomer to the low-power battery monomer, and then closing the switch of the equalizing unit where the low-power battery monomer is located when the inductive current is zero; the operations are repeated at a certain frequency (greater than or equal to 1000Hz), so that the electric quantities of the two single batteries are equal, the quick balance of the electric quantities is completed, and the high voltage difference active balance function of the circuit is realized.
And (3) passive equalization at normal temperature under low pressure difference: when the pressure difference between the single batteries is small (more than 0.01V and less than 0.03V, and the pressure difference is neglected when the pressure difference is less than 0.01V at normal temperature), a switch between the single high-power battery and the conductive film is opened, the single high-power battery and the conductive film are connected in series, and after a period of time, the switch between the single high-power battery and the conductive film is closed; within the time period from the opening of the switch to the closing of the switch, the battery monomer transfers the redundant electric quantity on the high-electric-quantity battery monomer to the conductive film through pulse discharge; the operation is repeated at a certain frequency (greater than or equal to 200Hz), so that the low-voltage difference passive equalization function of the circuit is realized, the electric quantity consumed by the conductive film is small, the temperature of the power battery cannot be obviously increased, and the temperature of the power battery is basically kept unchanged.
b. Low temperature heating and electric quantity equalization
Low-temperature high-pressure difference heating and balanced compound action: when the pressure difference between the single batteries is greater than or equal to 0.01V, the switches of the corresponding heating units are opened at a certain frequency, the single batteries with high electric quantity are communicated with the conductive film, pulse discharge is carried out on the single batteries with high electric quantity (the batteries cannot be damaged by pulse discharge), and the electric quantity is transferred to the conductive film; the conductive film generates heat to heat the power battery, and the power battery is heated while the electric quantity is balanced; the operations are repeated at a certain frequency (greater than or equal to 200Hz) to realize the equalization and heating functions of the circuit.
Low-temperature non-pressure difference heating: when the pressure difference between the single batteries is smaller than 0.01V, the pressure difference can be ignored, the electric quantity of each single battery is basically balanced, and switches at two ends of the heating sub-circuit are turned on to carry out integral pulse discharge on all the single batteries; repeating the above operations at a certain frequency (greater than or equal to 200Hz), and utilizing the internal resistance discharge of the conductive film and the power battery to generate heat, thereby simultaneously heating the power battery from the inside and the outside, and realizing the function of non-pressure difference heating at low temperature.
Example 1
The embodiment is a power battery equalization and heating composite circuit (abbreviated as a circuit) based on an inductor and a conductive film, and as shown in fig. 1, the circuit comprises an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit, wherein the equalization sub-circuit comprises 6 equalization units, and the heating sub-circuit comprises a graphene electrothermal film and 6 heating units;
wherein, the first equalizing unit comprises a battery cell BT1Energy storage inductor L1Diode D1And N type MOS tube Q1The equalizing unit comprises a battery cell BT2Energy storage inductor L2N-type MOS tube Q2And a diode D2The equalizing unit comprises a battery cell BT3Energy storage inductor L3N-type MOS tube Q3And a diode D3The fourth equalizing unit comprises a battery cell BT4Energy storage inductor L4N-type MOS tube Q4And a diode D4The fifth equalizing unit comprises a battery cell BT5Energy storage inductor L5N-type MOS tube Q5And a diode D5The balancing unit six comprises a battery cell BT6Energy storage inductor L6N-type MOS tube Q6And a diode D6；
The first heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q7And N type MOS tube Q8The second heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q9And N type MOS tube Q10The third heating unit comprises an N-type MOS tube Q11And N type MOS tube Q12The heating unit IV comprises an N-type MOS tube Q13And N type MOS tube Q14The heating unit V comprises an N-type MOS tube Q15And N type MOS tube Q16The heating unit six comprises an N-type MOS tube Q17And N type MOS tube Q18；
Battery monomer BT1～BT6Sequentially connected in series; battery monomer BT1Energy storage inductor L1And N type MOS tube Q1Series, diode D1And N type MOS tube Q1Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q1Drain electrode of and battery cell BT1Is connected with the positive electrode of an N-type MOS tube Q1Source electrode and energy storage inductor L1Is connected with an energy storage inductor L1The other end of (2) and a battery cell BT1The negative electrode of (1) is connected; diode D1Negative electrode of (1) and N-type MOS tube Q1Is connected to the drain of diode D1Anode and N-type MOS tube Q1Is connected to the source of (a);
energy storage inductor L1And battery cell BT2Energy storage inductor L2N-type MOS tube Q2Series, diode D2And N type MOS tube Q2Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q2Drain electrode and energy storage inductor L1And N type MOS tube Q1One end of the source electrode is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q2Source electrode and energy storage inductor L2Is connected with an energy storage inductor L2The other end of (2) and a battery cell BT2The negative electrode of (1) is connected; diode D2Negative electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q2Is connected to the drain of diode D2Positive electrode and N-type MOS tube Q2Is connected to the source of (a);
energy storage inductor L2And battery cell BT3Energy storage inductor L3And a diode D3Series, diode D3And N type MOS tube Q3Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q3Drain electrode and energy storage inductor L2And N type MOS tube Q2One end of the source electrode is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q3Source electrode and energy storage inductor L3Is connected with an energy storage inductor L3The other end of (2) and a battery cell BT3The negative electrode of (1) is connected; diode D3Negative electrode of (1) and N-type MOS tube Q3Is connected to the drain of diode D3Positive electrode and N-type MOS tube Q3Is connected to the source of (a);
energy storage inductor L3And battery cell BT4Energy storage inductor L4Diode D4Series, diode D4And N type MOS tube Q4Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q4Drain electrode and energy storage inductor L3And N type MOS tube Q3One end of the source electrode is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q4Source electrode and energy storage inductor L4Is connected with an energy storage inductor L4The other end of (2) and a battery cell BT4The negative electrode of (1) is connected; diode D4Negative electrode of (1) and N-type MOS tube Q4Is connected to the drain of diode D4Positive electrode and N-type MOS tube Q4Is connected to the source of (a);
stored energy electricityFeeling L4And battery cell BT5Energy storage inductor L5Diode D5Series, diode D5And N type MOS tube Q5Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q5Drain electrode and energy storage inductor L4And N type MOS tube Q4One end of the source electrode is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q5Source electrode and energy storage inductor L5Is connected with an energy storage inductor L5The other end of (2) and a battery cell BT5The negative electrode of (1) is connected; diode D5Negative electrode of (1) and N-type MOS tube Q5Is connected to the drain of diode D5Positive electrode and N-type MOS tube Q5Is connected to the source of (a);
energy storage inductor L5And battery cell BT6Energy storage inductor L6Diode D6Series, diode D6And N type MOS tube Q6Parallel connection; n-type MOS tube Q6Drain electrode and energy storage inductor L5And N type MOS tube Q5One end of the source electrode is connected with an N-type MOS tube Q6Source electrode and energy storage inductor L6Is connected with an energy storage inductor L6The other end of (2) and a battery cell BT6The negative electrode of (1) is connected; diode D6Negative electrode of (1) and N-type MOS tube Q6Is connected to the drain of diode D6Positive electrode and N-type MOS tube Q6Is connected to the source of (a);
n-type MOS tube Q7Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q1Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q8Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q1Is connected to the source of (a); n-type MOS tube Q9Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q2Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q10Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q2Is connected to the source of (a); n-type MOS tube Q11Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q3Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q12Respectively connected with the N-type MOS transistor Q3Is connected to the source of (a); n-type MOS tube Q13Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q4Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q14Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q4Is connected to the source of (a); n-type MOS tube Q15Drain N type MOS tube Q5Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q16Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q5Is connected to the source of (a); n-type MOS tube Q17Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q6Drain electrode of (1) N-type MOS transistor Q18Drain electrode of and N-type MOS tube Q6Is connected to the source of (a); n-type MOS tube Q7Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q9Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q11Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q13Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q15Source electrode and N-type MOS tube Q17The source electrodes are connected with one end of the graphene electrothermal film; n-type MOS tube Q8Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q10Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q12Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q14Source electrode, N type MOS tube Q16Source electrode and N-type MOS tube Q18The source electrodes are connected with the other end of the graphene electrothermal film;
and the grids of all the N-type MOS tubes are connected with an external control module.
N-type MOS tube Q1、Q2…Q6The energy of the single batteries is transferred through the energy storage inductor as a switch of each balancing unit, so that the energy transfer among the single batteries is realized; n-type MOS tube Q7…Q18The graphene electrothermal film is connected with the corresponding battery monomer as a switch of the heating unit, so that energy transfer between the battery monomer and the graphene electrothermal film is realized.
The power battery does not need to be heated at normal temperature, if the battery monomer BT1And battery cell BT2The pressure difference between the two is greater than or equal to 0.03V, and the single battery BT2Is lower than the voltage of the battery cell BT3～BT6(Battery cell BT3～BT6There is no pressure difference or negligible), the N-type MOS transistor Q is turned on1The rest N-type MOS tubes are closed, and the single battery BT1Is transferred to the energy storage inductor L1The above step (1); then the N-type MOS tube Q is closed1Turn on the N-type MOS transistor Q2Make the battery cell BT2Energy storage inductor L1N-type MOS tube Q2And an energy storage inductor L2Forming a closed loop to store the energy of the inductor L1The electric quantity of (2) passes through the energy storage inductor L2Transfer to battery cell BT2Realize the battery cell BT1And battery cell BT2The electric quantity is balanced; at a frequency of 1000HzRepeating the operation to ensure that the electric quantity of each battery monomer is equal, thereby realizing the high voltage difference active equalization function of the circuit; if the battery monomer BT1And battery cell BT2The pressure difference between the two is greater than or equal to 0.03V, and the single battery BT2～BT6There is no or negligible pressure difference between them, then the battery cell BT1The electric quantity on the battery cell BT is transferred to the battery cell BT through the second equalizing unit and the fifth equalizing unit in sequence2～BT6The above.
Due to dead time of the circuit, i.e. when the N-type MOS transistor Q is turned off1And turn on N type MOS tube Q2There is a time difference between them, in which the diode D2Acting to prevent the energy storage inductor L1The current of the energy storage inductor L flows back to1The electric quantity on the battery cell BT is transferred to the battery cell2The above.
The power battery does not need to be heated at normal temperature, if the battery monomer BT1The pressure difference between the battery cell BT and the other battery cells is small (less than 0.03V and more than 0.01V), and the battery cell BT1Is higher than the voltage of the battery monomer BT2～BT6Cell BT2～BT6When the electric quantity does not need to be balanced, the N-type MOS tube Q is opened7And N type MOS tube Q8And the other N-type MOS tubes are closed to enable the single battery BT1Energy storage inductor L1And the graphene electrothermal film forms a closed loop, and a single battery BT1The redundant electric quantity is transferred to the graphene electrothermal film, so that the electric quantity of each battery is equal, and then the N-type MOS transistor Q is closed7And N type MOS tube Q8Cell BT1In MOS transistor Q7And Q8Discharging the graphene electrothermal film in a pulse mode within a time period from opening to closing; the operation is repeated at the frequency of 200Hz, the low-pressure-difference passive equalization of the circuit is realized, and the influence of the heat generated by discharging on the temperature of the power battery is small and can be ignored. If the pressure difference between the single batteries is small (less than 0.03V and more than 0.01V), only the single battery BT1And battery cell BT3The voltage of the battery is inconsistent with the voltage of the other battery monomers, and the electric quantity needs to be balanced, and the electric quantity is balanced through low-voltage-difference passive balance respectively.
The power battery needs to be heated in a low-temperature environment (less than 0 ℃), and if the battery monomer BT1And battery cell BT2The pressure difference between the two is larger (more than or equal to 0.01V), and the single battery BT2～BT6If there is no pressure difference or is negligible, the N-type MOS tube Q is opened7And MOS transistor Q8And the other N-type MOS tubes are closed to enable the single battery BT1Energy storage inductor L1And forming a closed loop with the graphene electrothermal film, and closing the N-type MOS tube Q after a period of time7And N type MOS tube Q8Cell BT1In MOS transistor Q7And Q8Discharging the graphene electrothermal film in a pulse mode within a time period from opening to closing; battery monomer BT1The redundant electric quantity is transferred to the graphene electrothermal film, so that the electric quantity of each battery monomer is equal; the above operations are repeated at a frequency of 200Hz, and the power battery is heated while equalizing the electric quantity.
Under the condition that the power battery needs to be heated in a low-temperature environment (less than 0 ℃) and the electric quantity of each battery monomer is basically balanced (the pressure difference is less than 0.01V), the N-type MOS transistor Q is opened1And N type MOS tube Q18A battery cell BT1～BT6Is communicated with the graphene electrothermal film, and after a period of time, the N-type MOS tube Q is closed1And N type MOS tube Q18The single batteries BT 1-BT 6 are arranged on the MOS transistor Q1And Q18Discharging the graphene electrothermal film in a pulse mode within a time period from opening to closing; repeating the pulse discharge operation at 200Hz to pass the electric energy through the energy storage inductor L6And transferring the graphene electric heating film to a conductive film, so that the power battery is heated together through the heating of the graphene electric heating film and the internal resistance of the power battery, and the function of non-pressure-difference heating at low temperature is realized.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on an inductor and a conductive film is characterized by comprising an equalization sub-circuit and a heating sub-circuit; the balancing sub-circuit comprises a plurality of balancing units, and each balancing unit comprises a single battery, an energy storage inductor, a switch and a diode; the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of each balancing unit are connected in series, and the diode is connected with the switch in parallel; the energy storage inductor of the previous balancing unit is connected with the battery monomer, the energy storage inductor and the switch of the next balancing unit in series;
the heating sub-circuit comprises a conductive film and a plurality of heating units with the same number as the equalizing units; each heating unit comprises two switches, and the conductive film is connected with the switch of the corresponding equalizing unit in parallel through the two switches; the conductive film is coated on the surface of the power battery.
2. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on the inductor and the conductive film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conductive film is a graphene electrothermal film or a wide wire metal film.
3. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on the inductor and the conductive film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switch is a MOS transistor or an IGBT.
4. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on the inductor and the conductive film according to claim 1, wherein when the voltage difference between the battery cells is greater than or equal to the active and passive equalization voltage difference threshold value at normal temperature, a switch of an equalization unit where the high-power battery cell is located is turned on, redundant power of the high-power battery cell is transferred to the energy storage inductor of the equalization unit, then the switch of the equalization unit where the high-power battery cell is located is turned off, the switch of the equalization unit where the low-power battery cell is located is turned on, and the redundant power is transferred to the low-power battery cell; repeating the operation at the active equalization frequency to realize the active equalization function of the circuit;
when the pressure difference between the single batteries is smaller than the active and passive equilibrium pressure difference threshold value at normal temperature, a switch between the single battery with high electric quantity and the conducting film is opened, and the redundant electric quantity of the single battery with high electric quantity is transferred to the conducting film; repeating the operation at the passive equalization frequency to realize the passive equalization function of the circuit;
when the environmental temperature is lower than zero degrees centigrade and the pressure difference between the single batteries is greater than or equal to the heating pressure difference threshold value, opening a switch between the single batteries with high electric quantity and the conductive film, carrying out pulse discharge on the single batteries with high electric quantity, and transferring redundant electric quantity to the conductive film; repeating the operation at a heating frequency, wherein the conductive film generates heat to heat the power battery, so that the balance and heating functions of the circuit are realized;
when the environmental temperature is lower than zero degrees centigrade and the pressure difference between the battery monomers is smaller than the heating pressure difference threshold value, switches at two ends of the heating sub-circuit are opened, all the battery monomers are connected with the conductive film in series as a whole, and pulse discharge is carried out on all the battery monomers; and repeating the operation at a heating frequency, wherein the conductive film generates heat to heat the power battery, so that the heating function of the circuit is realized.
5. The power battery equalization and heating composite circuit based on the inductor and the conductive film as claimed in claim 4, wherein the active and passive equalization differential pressure threshold is 0.03V.
6. The inductance and conductive film based power battery equalization and heating composite circuit according to claim 4, wherein the heating voltage difference threshold is 0.01V.
7. The inductance and conductive film based power cell balancing and heating composite circuit according to claim 4, wherein the active balancing frequency is greater than or equal to 1000 Hz.
8. The inductance and conductive film based power battery equalization and heating composite circuit of claim 4, wherein the passive equalization frequency and the heating frequency are both greater than or equal to 200 Hz.
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