CN103311963A - Energy balance circuit for battery pack connected in series - Google Patents
Energy balance circuit for battery pack connected in series Download PDFInfo
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- CN103311963A CN103311963A CN201210059642XA CN201210059642A CN103311963A CN 103311963 A CN103311963 A CN 103311963A CN 201210059642X A CN201210059642X A CN 201210059642XA CN 201210059642 A CN201210059642 A CN 201210059642A CN 103311963 A CN103311963 A CN 103311963A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy balance circuit for a battery pack connected in series. The battery pack is composed of two or more battery single bodies which are connected in series. The energy balance circuit comprises single body balance circuits whose number equals to that of the battery single bodies. Each of the single body balance circuits is connected in parallel with a corresponding battery single body respectively. Each of the single body balance circuits comprises a balance circuit unit which is used for transferring or supplementing an energy of each of the single body balance circuits, and a PWM control unit which is used for driving the balance circuit unit according to a state of charging and discharging of the corresponding battery single body. The single body balance circuits at all levels are connected in series so that a renewable energy structure shaped in an end-to-end circular ring is formed. Therefore, a battery charging and discharging process can be adjusted in real time, and a standby time of the battery pack is prolonged at greatest degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cell balancing, particularly a kind of balancing energy circuit of the battery pack be used to being connected in series.
Background technology
In technical field of new energies, storage battery is used by series connection widely, is used for stored energy, flat peak load and lasting supplying energy.But because the intrinsic inconsistency of battery, namely there is difference in the parameters such as the voltage of the battery of same model specification, internal resistance, capacity, even therefore tightly select supportingly, can not guarantee that all battery behaviors are consistent.The electric energy of storage is inconsistent during the charging of battery in the series connection, and the electromotive force that discharges during discharge is also inconsistent, and this discharge and recharge inconsistent accelerates again the inconsistent of battery electrochemical characteristic conversely, causes the battery pack accelerated ageing, and storage capacity reduces until scrap.Therefore, must manage to overcome the inconsistent problem of battery to battery pack, to improve life-span and the efficient of battery pack.
For this problem, adopted cell balancing in some product at present.Cell balancing is the core technology of battery management system, mainly contains passive balancing technique and active equalization technology.
One. passive balancing technique is to adopt a resistance and cell parallel, with a charging current bypass part, avoid over-charging of battery, but shortcoming is:
(1) the part electric current that is bypassed has consumed Partial Power in vain on resistance, cause system effectiveness to descend, and is opposing with new forms of energy worker's theory; The extra caloric requirement system that produces increases heat dissipation design simultaneously, has increased cost.So this technology is not green.
(2) passive balancing technique is owing to efficient and heat radiation, and euqalizing current is smaller, and below 500mA, the ability of equalization is relatively poor.
Two, the active equalization technology is that the mode that adopts switching capacity or inductance that energy is shifted realizes equilibrium, mainly contains dual mode.
When (1) adopting electric capacity to carry out equilibrium, electric capacity is controlled by four equalizer switches, and energy is transferred to the contiguous battery of owing to fill from the battery that overcharges.
This mode is controlled complexity, needs intelligent chip to a plurality of battery detecting judgements and controls four equalizer switch coordinations, and the equalizer switch of its contiguous battery must cut out simultaneously, and namely balanced control is time-sharing work to each battery, and real-time is poor.When contiguous electric capacity is when overcharging or owing to fill, this equalization methods lost efficacy, and the euqalizing current of this equalization methods is lower simultaneously, is not more than 50mA.This balanced way of output is simple, can not satisfy engineering and use needs, and the Simultaneous Switching loss is also larger.
The known equalizing circuit that what is called " flying capacitance method " arranged on the engineering, average each cell is connected with balanced electric capacity by two switches in the circuit.The switching loss of this equalizing circuit is large, and control is complicated, and system cost is high, and if exist simultaneously a plurality of cells to be in the state that overcharges or owe to fill, balanced failure can appear in this equalizing circuit.
When (2) adopting inductance to carry out equilibrium, inductance can be controlled by equalizer switch, first energy is shunted charging current from the battery that overcharges, and transfers in the contiguous battery of owing to fill again.This balanced way, on the engineering there be implementation:
A. do not isolate the flyback mode
This balanced way mainly is the characteristic of utilizing inductive current not suddenly change, and n energy that overcharges monomer transferred in n-1 the battery.According to this principle, at Chinese patent (application number: 200880111805.6), adopted the mode that instead swashs to three cells, balanced inductance is pump liter upwards step by step more successively, and cell topmost haves no alternative but adopt a transformer to realize that energy shifts.Sort circuit in engineering is used, a certain road cell shifts anti-swash voltage will be to adjacent three batteries charging of its contiguous high potential side, exist and instead swash overtension, disturb large, switch element to bear the larger problem of back-pressure.
B. adopt multi winding transformer to carry out active equalization
This balanced way needs timesharing balanced, and when the series connection cell was more, real-time was relatively poor, and the ability of equalization is not enough, and the accuracy of equalization is low, and transformer voltage ratio is very large simultaneously, and transformer driving switch pipe bears larger voltage stress.Because winding is many, no-load voltage ratio is large, volume of transformer is larger, and therefore when series connection progression was too much, equilibrium was carried out in the grouping of then having to.
C. adopt " flying capacitance method structure " to carry out the DC-DC conversion
This equalizing circuit both can be connected to the monomer voltage that overcharges the converter input module, by DC the DC conversion will overcharge Energy transfer and go out; Also the cell of owing to fill can be connected to the converter output module, by DC DC provide additional-energy for owing rechargable battery.But shortcoming also is to need time-sharing operation, and real-time is poor.Transformer voltage ratio is very large simultaneously, and transformer driving switch pipe bears larger voltage stress.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of balancing energy circuit of the battery pack be used to being connected in series, and solves the problem that overcharges and owe to fill of the inconsistent battery pack that is connected in series that causes of battery behavior.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: a kind of balancing energy circuit of the battery pack be used to being connected in series, described battery pack is composed in series by two or more battery cells, this balancing energy circuit comprises the monomer equalizing circuit identical with battery cell quantity, and described each the monomer equalizing circuit respectively battery cell corresponding with is in parallel.
Described each monomer equalizing circuit comprises: an equalizing circuit unit that is used for replenishing or shifting described monomer equalizing circuit energy, a PWM control unit that is used for driving according to the battery cell charging and discharging state of described correspondence described equalizing circuit unit.
Here, replenish or shift described monomer equalizing circuit energy, namely be when the battery cell of described correspondence overcharges, the excess energy that is delivered to described monomer equalizing circuit is transferred to subordinate's monomer equalizing circuit, when the battery cell of described correspondence was owed to fill, the excess energy that is delivered to described monomer equalizing circuit by absorbing higher level's monomer equalizing circuit was replenished.Battery cell charging and discharging state according to described correspondence drives described equalizing circuit unit, namely be in the charge and discharge process of the battery cell of described correspondence, judging whether described battery cell is in overcharges or owes to fill state, realizes driving to described equalizing circuit unit by driving switch element in the described equalizing circuit unit again.When the battery cell of described correspondence is in when overcharging state, described PWM control unit drives the switch element action of described equalizing circuit unit, the transmission of beginning energy, when the battery cell of described correspondence is in when owing to fill state, described PWM control unit is closed the switch element of described equalizing circuit unit, stops the energy transmission.Described PWM control unit can be by simple hardware simulation the electric circuit constitute, carry out the PWM modulation by hardware voltage manner of comparison, also can be by cpu chip, comprise that the digital circuits such as single-chip microcomputer or DSP or logic combination circuit form, monitor charging voltage and then carry out the digital PWM adjusting by the AD conversion regime.
Described battery pack directly is connected with charger, and described PWM control unit is connected with described corresponding battery cell, and the signal output part of described PWM control unit links to each other with the control end of described equalizing circuit unit.Being used for of described equalizing circuit unit is connected with described corresponding battery cell to the input of described monomer equalizing circuit makeup energy, and being used for shifting of described equalizing circuit unit output of exporting described monomer equalizing circuit excess energy battery cell corresponding with described subordinate monomer equalizing circuit is connected; The output battery cell corresponding with the first order monomer equalizing circuit of described balancing energy circuit that is used for the described monomer equalizing circuit of this grade of output excess energy of the equalizing circuit unit of the afterbody monomer equalizing circuit of described balancing energy circuit is connected.
Described equalizing circuit unit comprises a switch element, a switch transformer and a rectifier diode, and described switch element comprises conducting control terminal, input terminal and lead-out terminal; The first terminals of the armature winding of described switch transformer and the lead-out terminal of described switch element are the inputs of described equalizing circuit unit, the first terminals of described switch transformer link to each other with described corresponding battery cell is anodal, the lead-out terminal of described switch element links to each other with described corresponding battery cell negative pole, therefore the input of described equalizing circuit unit directly links to each other with described corresponding battery cell, it is except to described monomer equalizing circuit makeup energy, also can be when the battery cell undercharge of described correspondence, to the battery cell makeup energy of described correspondence.The conducting control terminal of described switch element is the control end of described equalizing circuit unit, the input terminal of described switch element links to each other with the second terminals of the armature winding of described switch transformer, the first terminals of the secondary winding of described switch transformer link to each other with the positive terminal of described rectifier diode, the second terminals of the negative terminal of described rectifier diode and the secondary winding of described switch transformer are the outputs of described equalizing circuit unit, the battery cell that the negative terminal of described rectifier diode is corresponding with described subordinate monomer equalizing circuit is anodal to link to each other, and the battery cell negative pole that the second terminals of the secondary winding of described switch transformer are corresponding with described subordinate monomer equalizing circuit links to each other.Rectifies also limits the direction that energy transmits.
When being used for charge balancing, the specific works process of described monomer equalizing circuits at different levels is:
As shown in Figure 1, the both positive and negative polarity of battery cell BT1 is connected with CHARGEOUT with CHARGEIN respectively, and charger charges to battery cell BT1 by CHARGEIN and CHARGEOUT loop.PWM control unit among Fig. 1 monitors the charged state of battery cell BT1.When overcharging generation, PWM control unit output pwm pulse, the switch element Q1 action of this pulsed drive equalizing circuit unit is moved by switch element Q1 driving switch transformer T1.Switch transformer T1 is delivered to the primary monomer equalizing circuit with unnecessary rechargeable energy from the primary monomer equalizing circuit.When charging voltage drops to overcharged voltage value following, PWM control unit closing switch element Q1, switch transformer T1 quits work, and the rechargeable energy transmission finishes.
When being used for equalization discharge, the specific works process of described monomer equalizing circuits at different levels is:
As shown in Figure 1, the both positive and negative polarity of battery cell BT1 is connected with CHARGEOUT with CHARGEIN respectively, by CHARGEIN and CHARGEOUT loop output current.PWM control unit among Fig. 1 monitors the discharge condition of battery BT1.When discharge voltage is higher, PWM control unit output pwm pulse, the switch element Q1 action of this pulsed drive equalizing circuit unit, by switch element Q1 driving switch transformer T1 action, switch transformer T1 is delivered to the primary monomer equalizing circuit with unnecessary discharge energy from the primary monomer equalizing circuit.When discharge voltage drops to regular picture voltage when following, PWM control unit closing switch element Q1, switch transformer T1 quits work, and the discharge energy transmission finishes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: each monomer equalizing circuit consists of one-level, every grade of equalizing circuit both can work alone, and also can work simultaneously, when the upper level energy is delivered to the corresponding levels, if battery at the corresponding levels is owed to fill, then battery just sponges and is delivered to energy at the corresponding levels.If battery at the corresponding levels is full of, then equalizing circuit at the corresponding levels can continue to be delivered to next stage with being delivered to energy at the corresponding levels.The afterbody monomer equalizing circuit of series connection can be sent to unnecessary energy again the first order monomer equalizing circuit of series connection, has realized the recycling of energy, has consisted of the regenerated energy loop of an annular, as shown in Figure 2.Every grade of monomer equalizing circuit can be worked simultaneously in the regenerated energy structure of this end to end ring-type, has guaranteed the real-time adjustment to battery charge and discharge process, and the restriction of the progression of not connecting.When battery pack is worked under discharge condition, the cell of each electric weight affluence replenishes the discharge deficiency that capacity reduces battery by equalizing circuit of the present invention unit unnecessary energy of output in the energy regeneration loop, farthest prolonged the cruising time of battery pack, and balancing energy circuit structure of the present invention is simple, easy to use.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, described switch element is transistor, field-effect transistor or igbt, includes these three terminals of conducting control terminal, input terminal and lead-out terminal.The situation of transistor for described switch element, the conducting control terminal of described switch element is the base stage of transistor, the input terminal of described switch element is the collector electrode of transistor, and the lead-out terminal of described switch element is the emitter of transistor; The situation of field-effect transistor for described switch element, the conducting control terminal of described switch element is the grid of field-effect transistor, the input terminal of described switch element is the drain electrode of field-effect transistor, and the lead-out terminal of described switch element is the source electrode of field-effect transistor; The situation of igbt for described switch element, the conducting control terminal of described switch element is the grid of igbt, the input terminal of described switch element is the collector electrode of igbt, and the lead-out terminal of described switch element is the emitter of igbt.
The beneficial effect that adopts above-mentioned further scheme is so that additional consumption of energy that the present invention has avoided a large amount of switches to use to bring, owing to not needing switching over, so that the present invention is real-time to the charge and discharge balancing of battery, and the equilibrium of a plurality of batteries can be carried out simultaneously.
Further, the turn ratio of the switch transformer T1 among the present invention is 1: 1.
The beneficial effect that adopts above-mentioned further scheme is so that the volume of transformer of selecting in the battery equalizing circuit of the present invention is less, so that the structure of battery equalizing circuit is more simple.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the described monomer equalizing circuit of balancing energy circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of balancing energy circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment 1 of balancing energy circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment 2 of balancing energy circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of the battery charge balancing unit of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the embodiment 3 of balancing energy circuit of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing principle of the present invention and feature are described, institute gives an actual example and only is used for explaining the present invention, is not be used to limiting scope of the present invention.
Fig. 3 has provided example example 1 of the present invention, and this embodiment can be used for electric automobile power battery management, the management of wind and solar energy energy storage battery group.For embodiment 1, when charged state, as battery charge balancing administrative unit, each balanced unit is except complete independently is battery balanced with the present invention, also can be taken over by central control unit by the isolation communication unit, under the control of central control unit, carry out charge balancing.Each balanced unit comprises voltage, electric current, temperature, the internal resistance of cell, battery capacity etc. by the at the corresponding levels battery operated parameter that the isolation communication unit will gather, and passes to central control unit.Central control unit carries out United Dispatching and management according to the data that each balanced unit gathers to whole battery system, and coordinates the power delivery relation of control battery system and external system by " status unit ".
When battery pack is worked under discharge condition, " central control unit " reads the state parameter of each battery pack in real time by the high speed communication network, carry out United Dispatching according to the discharge condition of whole battery pack again, the cell of controlling each electric weight affluence is exported more energy by balanced unit of the present invention and is replenished capacity to reduce the discharge of battery not enough, farthest prolongs the cruising time of battery pack.
" status display unit " among the embodiment 1 is used for the relevant parameter of battery system with LCD or LED Display panel out offering system operator and being used for monitoring; " human-machine interface unit " is used for operator's input parameter and control system is used.
Fig. 4 is the embodiment 2 of battery equalizing circuit of the present invention, and this embodiment is applied to embedded system.Because equalizing circuit at different levels is the same in the charge and discharge balancing system of the series battery that battery equalizing circuit of the present invention makes up, cascade system is also very simple, therefore thisly be similar to the balanced way that internal resistance is regulated, be well suited for the encapsulation that is made of one with battery, the engineering of being convenient to battery is used.Embodiment 2 as shown in Figure 4 among the figure becomes battery balanced Unit Design an independently control board, couples together according to the circuit structure shown in Fig. 4 and battery cell and connector CN.
Fig. 5 is the described battery charge balancing unit of embodiment 2 of the present invention, is exactly battery equalizing circuit of the present invention in the dotted line frame.According to Fig. 5, after battery and battery balanced unit coupled together and all being connected to connector CN, a cell that possesses the charge balancing ability has just been carried out.A cell with the charge and discharge balancing function like this is fit to series connection and uses.
Fig. 6 is the embodiment 3 of battery equalizing circuit of the present invention, and this embodiment is the application of cell in the series-connected cell system with the charge and discharge balancing function that makes up among the embodiment 2.As shown in Figure 6, the series connection that is cell line chart is divided in the right side among the figure, and left part is the schematic diagram that has comprised back panel wiring.As can be known, install the present embodiment the battery pack series system only Duoed single line than common series system, install very easy.Simultaneously, because each battery has been installed battery equalizing circuit of the present invention, the auxiliary control even without the outside, this series battery has possessed the charge and discharge balancing ability.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. balancing energy circuit that is used for the battery pack be connected in series, described battery pack is composed in series by two or more battery cells, it is characterized in that, this balancing energy circuit comprises: the monomer equalizing circuit identical with battery cell quantity, described each monomer equalizing circuit respectively battery cell corresponding with are in parallel;
Described each monomer equalizing circuit comprises: an equalizing circuit unit that is used for replenishing or shifting described monomer equalizing circuit energy, and a battery cell charging and discharging state according to described correspondence drives the PWM control unit of described equalizing circuit cell operation;
Described PWM control unit is connected with described corresponding battery cell, and the control signal output of described PWM control unit links to each other with the control end of described equalizing circuit unit;
Being used for of described equalizing circuit unit is connected with described corresponding battery cell to the input of described monomer equalizing circuit makeup energy, and being used for shifting of described equalizing circuit unit output of exporting described monomer equalizing circuit excess energy battery cell corresponding with described subordinate monomer equalizing circuit is connected;
The output battery cell corresponding with the first order monomer equalizing circuit of described balancing energy circuit of exporting this grade monomer equalizing circuit excess energy that be used for shifting of the equalizing circuit unit of the afterbody monomer equalizing circuit of described balancing energy circuit is connected.
2. balancing energy circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described equalizing circuit unit comprises a switch element, a switch transformer and a rectifier diode, and described switch element comprises conducting control terminal, input terminal and lead-out terminal;
The first terminals of the armature winding of described switch transformer and the lead-out terminal of described switch element are the inputs of described equalizing circuit unit, the first terminals of the armature winding of described switch transformer link to each other with described corresponding battery cell is anodal, and the lead-out terminal of described switch element links to each other with described corresponding battery cell negative pole;
The conducting control terminal of described switch element is the control end of described equalizing circuit unit, the input terminal of described switch element links to each other with the second terminals of the armature winding of described switch transformer, and the first terminals of the secondary winding of described switch transformer link to each other with the positive terminal of described rectifier diode;
The second terminals of the negative terminal of described rectifier diode and the secondary winding of described switch transformer are the outputs of described equalizing circuit unit, the battery cell that the negative terminal of described rectifier diode is corresponding with described subordinate monomer equalizing circuit is anodal to link to each other, and the battery cell negative pole that the second terminals of the secondary winding of described switch transformer are corresponding with described subordinate monomer equalizing circuit links to each other.
3. balancing energy circuit according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described switch element is transistor, the conducting control terminal of described switch element is the base stage of described transistor, the input terminal of described switch element is the collector electrode of described transistor, and the lead-out terminal of described switch element is the emitter of described transistor.
4. balancing energy circuit according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described switch element is field-effect transistor, the conducting control terminal of described switch element is the grid of described field-effect transistor, the input terminal of described switch element is the drain electrode of described field-effect transistor, and the lead-out terminal of described switch element is the source electrode of described field-effect transistor.
5. balancing energy circuit according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described switch element is igbt, the conducting control terminal of described switch element is the grid of described igbt, the input terminal of described switch element is the collector electrode of described igbt, and the lead-out terminal of described switch element is the emitter of described igbt.
6. balancing energy circuit according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the turn ratio of described switch transformer is 1: 1.
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| CN201210059642XA CN103311963A (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Energy balance circuit for battery pack connected in series |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210059642XA CN103311963A (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Energy balance circuit for battery pack connected in series |
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| CN103516030A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-15 | 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Voltage equalizing device and method |
| CN103746432A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-04-23 | 东南大学 | Cascading multi-level super capacitor energy storage system and discharge mode control method |
| CN103904755A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-02 | 武汉市欧力普能源与自动化技术有限公司 | DC/DC converter circuit for one-way modular high-power battery equalization |
| CN104753136A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 西安后羿半导体科技有限公司 | Equalizing charge device of large-capacity lithium battery |
| CN104901345A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-09 | 耿直 | Series-connected storage battery pack charge and discharge method and independent rechargeable storage battery pack |
| CN111342152A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-26 | 温州大学 | Composite battery pack equalization circuit |
| CN112054503A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-08 | 武汉大学 | Power balancing method based on serial photovoltaic module annular power balancing system |
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Cited By (10)
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| CN103746432A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-04-23 | 东南大学 | Cascading multi-level super capacitor energy storage system and discharge mode control method |
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| CN103904755A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-02 | 武汉市欧力普能源与自动化技术有限公司 | DC/DC converter circuit for one-way modular high-power battery equalization |
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| CN104753136A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 西安后羿半导体科技有限公司 | Equalizing charge device of large-capacity lithium battery |
| CN111342152A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-26 | 温州大学 | Composite battery pack equalization circuit |
| CN112054503A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-08 | 武汉大学 | Power balancing method based on serial photovoltaic module annular power balancing system |
| CN112054503B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-01-04 | 武汉大学 | Power balancing method based on serial photovoltaic module annular power balancing system |
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Application publication date: 20130918 |