CN108429308A - Single capacitor centralization balanced device topology and its equalization methods - Google Patents
Single capacitor centralization balanced device topology and its equalization methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN108429308A CN108429308A CN201810192884.3A CN201810192884A CN108429308A CN 108429308 A CN108429308 A CN 108429308A CN 201810192884 A CN201810192884 A CN 201810192884A CN 108429308 A CN108429308 A CN 108429308A
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- battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to cell balancing field, especially single capacitor centralization balanced device topology and its equalization methods, N number of battery cells to be sequentially connected in series into battery pack, and each battery cell is separately connected an energy converter；Each energy converter is parallel with one another in output end, is connected jointly with storage capacitor；Storage capacitor both ends are separately connected discharge control switch and rear pole diode, and discharge control switch and rear pole diode are separately connected the anode and negative terminal of battery pack.The topology distributes a relatively independent energy converter to each battery cell, using a capacitance interim storage energy, returns battery pack by the energy back periodically by capacitance storage, realizes to the whole balanced of battery pack.The invention single battery discharge loop passes through whole group battery, and the battery balanced speed of different location is consistent, and avoids the phenomenon because voltage caused by balancing speed difference interlocks, has many advantages, such as that balancing speed is fast, energy loss is small.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cell balancing fields, especially single capacitor centralization balanced device topology and its equalization methods.
Background technology
The advantages that lithium ion battery is big, self discharge is small, service life is long with its energy density is widely adopted in life.
Common lithium-ion battery monomer voltage is relatively low, and High voltage output could be realized in groups by generally requiring multiple unit series connection.Due to manufacture
In the process it is difficult to ensure that the consistency of the factors such as each monomer internal resistance, self-discharge rate, series unit unbalanced phenomena during use
Easily occur, and single battery overcharges and crosses and puts phenomenon all the service life of battery can be greatly lowered, and influences the whole of battery pack
Body performance.Therefore, study more excellent performance of battery equalizing circuit has to improving series battery performance and cruising ability
Significance.
Balanced device topology can be divided into passive equalization topology and active equalization topology on the whole.Active equalization topological structure belongs to
Energy storage type equalizing circuit, since it has the characteristics that energy loss is low, the accuracy of equalization is high, it has also become domestic and international research hotspot.From
In structure type, active equalization topology can be divided into centralized balanced topology and distributed balanced topology, according to topological operation principle,
Centralized balanced topology can be divided into multiwinding transformer type, Buck-Boost types and DC-DC converter type again.Multiwinding transformer
Type equalizing circuit is influenced by volume of transformer and processing technology, it is difficult to meet high-precision, big quantity electric voltage equalization practical need
It wants.Buck-Boost type equalizing circuits, by the periodic charge and discharge of shunted resistively inductance, to realize turning for energy in battery pack
It moves.Using the Buck-Boost type Centralized Topologies of flyback converter feedback energy, volume is big, balancing speed is slow.And it adopts
With the Buck-Boost centralization equalizing structures of reversible transducer, although realizing energy between multiple batteries and battery cell
Bi-directional, balancing speed has large increase, but active switch quantity increases, and circuit complexity increases, and its balancing speed
Directly related with up/down trip series-connected cell amount of monomer, the single battery balancing speed of different location is inconsistent, greatly limits
Its application in practice.
Invention content
It is complicated for traditional Buck-Boost types equalizing circuit, loss equalizing is big, balancing speed and battery cell position phase
The shortcomings of pass, the New Topological that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of control difficulties is small, circuit is simple, monomer balancing speed is consistent
Structure is allowed to overcome some drawbacks of the balanced topology of existing Buck-Boost types.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
Single capacitor centralization balanced device topology, including N number of battery cell, N number of energy converter, storage capacitor, one
A discharge control switch and rear pole diode；N number of battery cell is sequentially connected in series into battery pack, and each battery cell is separately connected
One energy converter；
Each energy converter is parallel with one another in output end, is connected jointly with storage capacitor；Storage capacitor both ends are separately connected
Discharge control switch and rear pole diode, discharge control switch and rear pole diode are separately connected the anode and negative terminal of battery pack；
Each energy converter includes a switching tube, an energy storage inductor and three diodes；Switching tube
It is connected in turn on the cathode traces of battery cell with one of diode, other two diode is connected to battery list in turn
On the cathode circuit of body, energy storage inductor one end is connected between the switching tube of cathode traces and diode, and the other end is connected to just
Between two diodes on polar circuit.
The equalization methods of the single capacitor centralization balanced device topology, including following procedure：By to high-energy in battery pack
Battery cell discharge, complete to the battery balanced of battery pack；Detailed process is, by by some battery to be discharged
The corresponding switching tube conducting of monomer, the battery cell fill energy to corresponding energy storage inductor；It is described after the switching tube shutdown
Energy storage inductor and storage capacitor resonance occurs, energy is transferred to storage capacitor by inductance, due to diode in energy converter
Metering function, when resonance current is zero, no longer resonance；Discharge control switch, the energy stored on storage capacitor are connected at this time
Amount will flow through discharge control switch and the charging of rear pole diode pair battery pack, so as to complete putting by battery cell to battery pack
Electric process.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
One, discharge loop of the present invention flows through whole group battery pack, the battery cell balancing speed having the same of different location,
It avoids voltage caused by since battery cell balancing speed is inconsistent to interlock phenomenon, reduces energy loss；Since equilibrium
It is unrelated with the location of each battery cell to terminate the required time to equilibrium.
Two, between each balanced branch of the present invention independently of each other, multiple batteries may be implemented while discharging, battery cell passes through
Energy converter is respectively independent in energy transfer to storage capacitor, then is concentrated into battery under the control of discharge control switch
Group accelerates battery balanced speed.
Three, energy converter of the present invention increases two diodes in One Buck-Boost converter body structure, to limit
Current path avoids the cross influence between converter.
Four, the present invention increases only one and puts on the basis of to N number of switching tube necessary to capable of carrying out individually controlling
Electric control switch, discharge loop are controlled by discharge control switch, mutually only to make the energy converter of each battery cell control
It is vertical, can multiple battery cells be carried out at the same time with equalization operation, accelerate balancing speed, balanced device switching tube quantity is few, control letter
Just.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the single capacitor centralization balanced device topology of the present invention and its circuit structure diagram of control method.
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure diagram of energy converter in i-th (i=1,2,3 ...) a branch of the invention.
Fig. 3 is embodiment with battery B2Circuit working timing figure for electric discharge.
Fig. 4 a are 1 circuit diagram of operation mode of Fig. 3 embodiments in one cycle.
Fig. 4 b are 2 circuit diagram of operation mode of Fig. 3 embodiments in one cycle.
Fig. 4 c are 3 circuit diagram of operation mode of Fig. 3 embodiments in one cycle.
Fig. 4 d are 4 circuit diagram of operation mode of Fig. 3 embodiments in one cycle.
Fig. 4 e are 5 circuit diagram of operation mode of Fig. 3 embodiments in one cycle.
Fig. 4 f are 6 circuit diagram of operation mode of Fig. 3 embodiments in one cycle.
Fig. 5 a are embodiment battery BiWhen electric discharge, the equivalent circuit diagram under 1 state of mode.
Fig. 5 b are embodiment battery BiWhen electric discharge, the equivalent circuit diagram under 2 state of mode.
Fig. 5 c are embodiment battery BiWhen electric discharge, the equivalent circuit diagram under 4 state of mode.
Fig. 6 is Fig. 5 embodiments capacitance C in one cycle1And inductance LiOscillogram.
Fig. 7 is capacitance discharge waveform figure of the embodiment under mode 4.
Fig. 8 is simulation waveform of the embodiment under standing pattern.
Fig. 9 is simulation waveform of the embodiment under charge mode.
Figure 10 is simulation waveform of the embodiment under discharge mode.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, single capacitor centralization balanced device topology, including：N number of battery cell B1、B2、……Bn；N number of energy
Converter, a storage capacitor C1, a discharge control switch SQAnd diode DQ；N number of battery cell is sequentially connected in series into battery
Group, each battery cell are separately connected an energy converter；
Each energy converter is parallel with one another in output end, jointly with storage capacitor C1It is connected；Storage capacitor C1Both ends connect respectively
Meet discharge control switch SQWith rear pole diode DQ, discharge control switch SQWith rear pole diode DQIt is separately connected battery pack just
End and negative terminal；
As shown in Fig. 2, each energy converter includes a switching tube, an energy storage inductor and three two poles
Pipe；Switching tube and one of diode are connected in turn on the cathode traces of battery cell, other two diode connects successively
It is connected on the cathode circuit of battery cell, energy storage inductor one end is connected between the switching tube of cathode traces and diode, another
End is connected between two diodes on cathode circuit.
The equalization methods of the single capacitor centralization balanced device topology, including following procedure：By to high-energy in battery pack
Battery cell discharge, complete to the battery balanced of battery pack；Detailed process is, by by i-th of battery to be discharged
The corresponding switching tube S of monomeriConducting, the battery cell is to corresponding energy storage inductor LiFill energy；Wait for the switching tube SiShutdown
Afterwards, the energy storage inductor LiWith storage capacitor C1Resonance occurs, energy is by inductance LiIt is transferred to storage capacitor C1, due to two poles
Pipe D3i、D3i-1Metering function, when resonance current is zero, no longer resonance；Conducting discharge control switch S at this timeQ, storage capacitor
C1The energy of upper storage will flow through discharge control switch SQWith rear pole diode DQIt charges to battery pack, so as to complete by battery
Discharge process of the monomer to battery pack.
Further citing, as shown in figure 3, with battery B2For electric discharge.Within a work period, believed according to control
Number and circuit in current path difference, 6 mode can be divided into.
Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 f list current path of the present invention under each mode respectively.
Mode 1[T0-T1]：When mode 1, current path is as shown in fig. 4 a.Battery cell B at this time2Directly to energy storage inductor
L2It charges, v in the short timeB2Very little is fluctuated, constant can be considered as, then inductive current iL2It is linear to rise, until switching tube
S2Shutdown, and switching tube S2On electric current iS2Under the mode with iL2It is equal.
Mode 2[T1-T2]：As switching tube S2Shutdown, circuit are put into mode 2, as shown in Figure 4 b.Energy storage inductor L at this time2
The energy of upper storage passes through diode D5, diode D6To storage capacitor C1Charging, energy storage inductor L2With storage capacitor C1Between send out
Raw resonance, energy storage inductor L2On electric current iL2Along sinusoidal variations down toward zero, storage capacitor C1On voltage vC1Extremely along sinusoidal variations
Maximum value.
Mode 3[T2-T3]：Work as iL2When dropping to zero, circuit is put into mode 3, as illustrated in fig. 4 c.At this time due to vC1Instead
To the effect of pressure drop, diode D5, diode D6It turns off, there is no electric current flowing in circuit.
Mode 4[T3-T4]：In mode 4, switching tube SQConducting, current path is as shown in figure 4d.In stable state, pass through
Once to storage capacitor C1Charging, storage capacitor C1On voltage vC1Higher than the voltage V of group battery packall, due to diode
D3i-1(i=1,2,3 ...) reversely ends, and electric current can only flow through rear pole diode DQIt discharges a group battery pack, vC1、iC1Edge refers to
Number mode declines, and works as vC1Drop to a group battery voltage VallWhen, iC1Drop to zero.
Mode 5[T4-T5]：In mode 5, as shown in fig 4e, discharge control switch SQIt is held on, but due to vC1Under
It is down to Vall, there is no current flowing in circuit.
Mode 6[T5-T6]：In mode 6, as shown in fig. 4f, discharge control switch SQIt is held off, without electricity in circuit
Stream circulation.
It is learnt by analysis, when circuit is operated in stable state, each period can have energy back to return battery pack.
Ignore the mode 3, mode 5 and mode 6 that curent change does not occur, also there are three types of working condition in circuit, wherein Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b and
Equivalent circuit diagram under Fig. 5 c difference equivalent modalities 1, mode 2 and mode 4 these three working conditions.If switching tube SiTurn-on time
Duty ratio is α1i, cycle TS, then the quantity of electric charge of transfer meets Q=V in a cycleBi(α1iTS)2/2Li, in mode 2, energy storage electricity
Feel L2With storage capacitor C1Between resonance, initial inductance electric current I occursLimax=VBiα1iTS/Li, initial capacitance voltage VC1=Σ VBi
=Vall, when inductive drop is zero, since the reversed cut-off of diode acts on, do not continue to resonance.Fig. 6 gives BiElectric discharge
When storage capacitor C in one cycle1And energy storage inductor LiOscillogram.In mode 4, storage capacitor C1To battery power discharge, such as scheme
Shown in 7.Battery pack internal resistance is denoted as Σ r, then timeconstantτ=C1Σ r, normal conditions change the road time after 4~5 τ, can
To think to have arrived at stable state, then discharge control switch SQTurn-on time duty ratio is α2iMeet α2iTS>5τ。
Analysis of simulation result：
Fig. 8 is simulation waveform of the present invention under four battery standing states, and simulation parameter is：Energy storage inductor L=
100uH, rear class capacitance C=100uF, switching frequency f=5kHz, switch Si(i=1,2,3 ...) duty ratio D=0.2, at the beginning of battery
Beginning voltage VB1=3000mV, VB2=4700mV, VB3=5000mV, VB4=3500mV.As shown in Figure 8, although each battery is initially electric
Pressure is different, but under the present invention and its corresponding control strategy, and each battery can be finally reached with the equilibrium of identical speed, voltage
Unanimously without phenomenon of interlocking, the function of electric voltage equalization is realized.
Fig. 9 is that topology shown in Fig. 8 is operated in simulation waveform under charge mode, charging current 0.15A, by figure it is found that
When battery is operated in charged state, proposed list inductance bidirectional battery equalizing circuit can fast implement each battery list
Bulk voltage is balanced.
Figure 10 is that topology shown in Fig. 8 is operated in simulation waveform under discharge mode, and discharge resistance is 100 Ω, by can in figure
Know, when battery is operated in discharge condition, proposed list inductance bidirectional battery equalizing circuit remains able to fast implement
Each battery cell electric voltage equalization.
To sum up, single capacitor centralization balanced device topology proposed by the invention, has that balancing speed is fast, each battery cell is equal
The features such as speed that weighs is consistent, energy loss is small, no matter being operated in charging, electric discharge or static condition, can fast implement battery
Monomer voltage is balanced.
Claims (2)
1. single capacitor centralization balanced device topology, which is characterized in that including N number of battery cell, N number of energy converter, a storage
It can capacitance, a discharge control switch and rear pole diode；N number of battery cell is sequentially connected in series into battery pack, each battery list
Body is separately connected an energy converter；
Each energy converter is parallel with one another in output end, is connected jointly with storage capacitor；Storage capacitor both ends are separately connected electric discharge
Control switch and rear pole diode, discharge control switch and rear pole diode are separately connected the anode and negative terminal of battery pack；
Each energy converter includes a switching tube, an energy storage inductor and three diodes；Switching tube and its
In a diode be connected in turn on the cathode traces of battery cell, other two diode is connected to battery cell in turn
On cathode circuit, energy storage inductor one end is connected between the switching tube of cathode traces and diode, and the other end is connected to positive electricity
Between two diodes of road.
2. according to the equalization methods of single capacitor centralization balanced device topology shown in claim 1, which is characterized in that including following
Process：It is discharged, is completed to the battery balanced of battery pack by the battery cell to high-energy in battery pack；Detailed process
For by the way that the corresponding switching tube of some battery cell to be discharged is connected, which fills corresponding energy storage inductor
Energy；After the switching tube shutdown, with storage capacitor resonance occurs for the energy storage inductor, and energy is transferred to energy storage by inductance
Capacitance, due to the metering function of rear pole diode, when resonance current is zero, no longer resonance；Discharge control switch is connected at this time,
The energy stored on storage capacitor will flow through discharge control switch and the charging of rear pole diode pair battery pack, so as to complete by electricity
Discharge process of the pond monomer to battery pack.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109672246A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-23 | 西南交通大学 | Inverse-excitation type multichannel equalizing circuit and its control method based on Buck_Boost unit |
| CN110247456A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-17 | 钰泰半导体南通有限公司 | A kind of multisection lithium battery balanced management switching system and its electric current detecting method |
| CN110323803A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-11 | 三峡大学 | A kind of multiphase interleaved converter suitable for cascaded lithium ion batteries group |
| CN114530637A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-24 | 广州菲利斯太阳能科技有限公司 | Voltage balancing device and control method for series lithium battery pack |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114530637A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-24 | 广州菲利斯太阳能科技有限公司 | Voltage balancing device and control method for series lithium battery pack |
| CN114530637B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-01-13 | 广州菲利斯太阳能科技有限公司 | Voltage balancing device and control method for series lithium battery pack |
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