CN108429308B - Single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology and equalizing method thereof - Google Patents
Single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology and equalizing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108429308B CN108429308B CN201810192884.3A CN201810192884A CN108429308B CN 108429308 B CN108429308 B CN 108429308B CN 201810192884 A CN201810192884 A CN 201810192884A CN 108429308 B CN108429308 B CN 108429308B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery equalization, in particular to a single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology and an equalization method thereof, wherein N battery cells are sequentially connected in series to form a battery pack, and each battery cell is respectively connected with an energy converter; each energy converter is connected in parallel with each other at the output end and is connected with the energy storage capacitor together; the two ends of the energy storage capacitor are respectively connected with a discharge control switch and a rear diode, and the discharge control switch and the rear diode are respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of the battery pack. The topology distributes a relatively independent energy converter to each battery cell, adopts a capacitor to temporarily store energy, and realizes the overall balance of the battery pack by periodically feeding back the energy stored by the capacitor to the battery pack. The single battery discharging loop of the invention maintains the uniform battery balancing speed of different positions through the whole group of batteries, avoids the voltage staggering phenomenon caused by the difference of the balancing speeds, and has the advantages of high balancing speed, small energy loss and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery equalization, in particular to a single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology and an equalization method thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in life with the advantages of high energy density, small self-discharge, long service life and the like. The voltage of the common lithium ion battery monomer is low, and a plurality of units are often required to be connected in series to form a group so as to realize high-voltage output. Because the consistency of factors such as internal resistance, self-discharge rate and the like of each single body is difficult to ensure in the manufacturing process, unbalanced series units are very easy to occur in the using process, and the service life of the battery can be greatly reduced due to the phenomena of overcharging and overdischarging of single batteries, so that the overall performance of the battery pack is influenced. Therefore, the battery equalization circuit with more excellent research performance has important significance for improving the performance and the endurance of the series battery pack.
The equalizer topology can be divided into passive and active equalization topologies as a whole. The active equalization topological structure belongs to an energy storage type equalization circuit, and has become a research hot spot at home and abroad due to the characteristics of low energy loss, high equalization precision and the like. From the structural aspect, the active equalization topology can be classified into a centralized equalization topology and a distributed equalization topology, and according to the topology working principle, the centralized equalization topology can be classified into a multi-winding transformer type, a Buck-Boost type and a DC-DC converter type. The multi-winding transformer type equalizing circuit is affected by the volume of the transformer and the processing technology, and the practical requirements of high-precision and large-quantity voltage equalization are difficult to meet. The Buck-Boost equalization circuit realizes energy transfer in the battery pack by periodically charging and discharging the shunt inductance. The Buck-Boost type centralized topological structure of the flyback converter feedback energy is adopted, so that the volume is large, and the equalization speed is low. The Buck-Boost centralized equalization structure of the bidirectional converter is adopted, although bidirectional transmission of energy among a plurality of batteries and battery cells is realized, the equalization speed is greatly improved, the number of active switches is increased, the complexity of a circuit is increased, the equalization speed is directly related to the number of upstream/downstream serial battery cells, and the equalization speeds of the battery cells at different positions are inconsistent, so that the application of the bidirectional converter in practice is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of complex traditional Buck-Boost equalization circuit, large equalization loss, correlation of equalization speed and single cell position and the like, the invention aims to provide a novel topological structure with small control difficulty, simple circuit and consistent single cell equalization speed, so that the novel topological structure overcomes part of the defects of the traditional Buck-Boost equalization topology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology comprises N battery cells, N energy converters, an energy storage capacitor, a discharge control switch and a back electrode diode; n battery cells are sequentially connected in series to form a battery pack, and each battery cell is respectively connected with an energy converter;
each energy converter is connected in parallel with each other at the output end and is connected with the energy storage capacitor together; the two ends of the energy storage capacitor are respectively connected with a discharge control switch and a rear diode, and the discharge control switch and the rear diode are respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of the battery pack;
each energy converter comprises a switching tube, an energy storage inductor and three diodes; the switching tube and one of the diodes are sequentially connected to the cathode circuit of the battery cell, the other two diodes are sequentially connected to the anode circuit of the battery cell, one end of the energy storage inductor is connected between the switching tube and the diode of the cathode circuit, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected between the two diodes on the anode circuit.
The equalization method of the single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology comprises the following steps: the battery equalization of the battery pack is completed by discharging the high-energy battery monomers in the battery pack; the specific process is that a corresponding switching tube of a certain battery cell to be discharged is conducted, and the battery cell charges a corresponding energy storage inductor; after the switch tube is turned off, the energy storage inductor and the energy storage capacitor resonate, energy is transferred from the inductor to the energy storage capacitor, and resonance is not performed any more when the resonant current is zero due to the current limiting effect of the diode in the energy converter; at this time, the discharge control switch is turned on, and the energy stored in the energy storage capacitor flows through the discharge control switch and the rear diode to charge the battery pack, so that the discharge process from the battery cell to the battery pack is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the discharging loop flows through the whole group of battery packs, and the battery cells at different positions have the same balancing speed, so that the phenomenon of voltage staggering caused by inconsistent balancing speeds of the battery cells is avoided, and the energy loss is reduced; the time required from the start of equalization to the end of equalization is independent of the location of each cell.
2. The equalization branches are mutually independent, so that a plurality of batteries can be discharged simultaneously, and the battery monomers can transfer energy to the energy storage capacitor independently through the energy converters and then are put into the battery pack under the control of the discharge control switch, so that the equalization speed of the batteries is increased.
3. The energy converter of the invention adds two diodes on the Buck-Boost converter structure to limit the current path and avoid the cross influence between the converters.
4. On the basis of N switching tubes which are required to be independently controlled, only one discharging control switch is added, and the discharging loop is controlled by the discharging control switch, so that the energy converters of all the battery cells are controlled independently, a plurality of battery cells can be balanced simultaneously, the balancing speed is increased, the number of the equalizer switching tubes is small, and the control is simple and convenient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a single capacitor centralized equalizer topology and a control method thereof of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of an energy converter in the i (i=1, 2,3 …) th branch of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a battery B according to an embodiment 2 A circuit operation timing diagram for discharging examples.
Fig. 4a is a circuit diagram of the working mode 1 of the embodiment of fig. 3 in one cycle.
Fig. 4b is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of fig. 3 in a period of operation mode 2.
Fig. 4c is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of fig. 3 in a cycle of operation mode 3.
Fig. 4d is a circuit diagram of the operation mode 4 of the embodiment of fig. 3 in one cycle.
Fig. 4e is a circuit diagram of the working mode 5 of the embodiment of fig. 3 in one cycle.
Fig. 4f is a circuit diagram of the operation mode 6 of the embodiment of fig. 3 in one cycle.
Fig. 5a shows an example battery B i And (3) an equivalent circuit diagram in a mode 1 state during discharge.
Fig. 5B shows an example battery B i And (3) an equivalent circuit diagram in a mode 2 state during discharge.
Fig. 5c shows an example battery B i And (3) an equivalent circuit diagram in a mode 4 state during discharge.
FIG. 6 shows the capacitor C of the embodiment of FIG. 5 during one cycle 1 Inductance L i Waveform diagram.
Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of the capacitor discharge in mode 4 according to the embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a simulated waveform diagram of the embodiment in the rest mode.
Fig. 9 is a simulated waveform diagram of the embodiment in the charging mode.
Fig. 10 is a simulated waveform diagram of the embodiment in the discharge mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, a single capacitor centralized equalizer topology comprising: n battery cells B 1 、B 2 、……B n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the N energy converters, an energy storage capacitor C 1 A discharge control switch S Q Diode D Q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the N battery cells are sequentially connected in series to form a battery pack, and each battery cell is respectively connected with an energy converter;
each energy converter is connected in parallel with each other at the output end and is jointly connected with an energy storage capacitor C 1 Are connected; energy storage capacitor C 1 Two ends are respectively connected with a discharge control switch S Q And a back-electrode diode D Q Discharge control switch S Q And a back-electrode diode D Q The positive end and the negative end of the battery pack are respectively connected;
as shown in fig. 2, each of the energy converters includes a switching tube, an energy storage inductor, and three diodes; the switching tube and one of the diodes are sequentially connected to the cathode circuit of the battery cell, the other two diodes are sequentially connected to the anode circuit of the battery cell, one end of the energy storage inductor is connected between the switching tube and the diode of the cathode circuit, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected between the two diodes on the anode circuit.
The equalization method of the single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology comprises the following steps: the battery equalization of the battery pack is completed by discharging the high-energy battery monomers in the battery pack; the specific process is that the switch tube S corresponding to the ith battery cell to be discharged is used for i Conduction, the battery unit corresponds to the energy storage inductance L i Charging energy; to be said switch tube S i After being turned off, the energy storage inductor L i And energy storage capacitor C 1 Resonance occurs, and the energy is formed by an inductance L i Transfer to energy storage capacitor C 1 Due to diode D 3i 、D 3i-1 Is not resonated when the resonant current is zero; at this time, the discharge control switch S is turned on Q Energy storage capacitor C 1 The stored energy will flow through the discharge control switch S Q And a back-electrode diode D Q The battery pack is charged, thereby completing the discharging process from the battery cells to the battery pack.
Further by way of example, as shown in FIG. 3, battery B 2 Discharge is an example. In one working period, the circuit can be divided into 6 modes according to different control signals and current paths in the circuit.
Fig. 4a to 4f respectively list the current paths of the present invention in each mode.
Mode 1[T 0 -T 1 ]: in mode 1, the current path is as shown in fig. 4 a. Battery cell B at this time 2 Directly to energy storage inductance L 2 Charging is performed in a short time v B2 The fluctuation is small and can be regarded as constant, and the inductance current i L2 Linearly rise until the switching tube S 2 Turn off and switch tube S 2 Current i on S2 In this mode with i L2 Equal.
Mode 2[T 1 -T 2 ]: when the switch tube S 2 Off, the circuit enters modality 2, as shown in fig. 4 b. At this time, energy storage inductance L 2 The energy stored above passes through diode D 5 Diode D 6 To the energy storage capacitor C 1 Charging and energy storage inductor L 2 And energy storage capacitor C 1 Resonance occurs between the two, energy storage inductance L 2 Current i on L2 Along sinusoidal variation down to zero, storage capacitor C 1 Voltage v on C1 Along a sine to a maximum.
Mode 3[T 2 -T 3 ]: when i L2 When it drops to zero, the circuit enters modality 3, as shown in fig. 4 c. At this time due to v C1 Reverse voltage drop effect, diode D 5 Diode D 6 Off, no current flows in the circuit.
Mode 4[T 3 -T 4 ]: in mode 4, the switchTube S Q On, the current path is shown in fig. 4 d. In steady state, the energy storage capacitor C is subjected to one-time counter 1 Is used for charging the energy storage capacitor C 1 Voltage v on C1 Voltage V higher than the assembled battery all Due to diode D 3i-1 (i=1, 2,3 …) reverse cut-off, current can only flow through the diode D Q Discharging the assembled battery, v C1 、i C1 Exponentially decreasing when v C1 Down to the battery voltage V all When i C1 Down to zero.
Mode 5[T 4 -T 5 ]: in mode 5, as shown in FIG. 4e, the discharge control switch S Q Remain on, but due to v C1 Has fallen to V all No current flows in the loop.
Mode 6[T 5 -T 6 ]: in mode 6, as shown in FIG. 4f, the discharge control switch S Q And remain off, no current flows in the loop.
It is known from analysis that when the circuit is operating in steady state, energy is fed back to the battery pack every cycle. The mode 3, the mode 5 and the mode 6 which do not generate current change are ignored, and three working states are also included in the circuit, wherein the equivalent circuit diagrams of the mode 1, the mode 2 and the mode 4 in the three working states are respectively equivalent to the figure 5a, the figure 5b and the figure 5 c. Switch tube S i On-time duty cycle alpha 1i Period T S The amount of charge transferred in one cycle satisfies q=v Bi (α 1i T S ) 2 /2L i In mode 2, the energy storage inductance L 2 And energy storage capacitor C 1 Resonance occurs between them, initial inductor current I Limax ＝V Bi α 1i T S /L i Initial capacitance voltage V C1 ＝ΣV Bi ＝V all When the inductance voltage is zero, resonance is not continued due to the reverse cut-off effect of the diode. FIG. 6 shows B i Energy storage capacitor C in one period during discharging 1 Energy storage inductance L i Waveform diagram. In mode 4, the energy storage capacitor C 1 The battery pack is discharged as shown in fig. 7. When the internal resistance of the battery pack is Sigma r, timeConstant τ=c 1 Sigma r, in a normal case, after the switching time has elapsed by 4 to 5 τ, it can be considered that the steady state has been reached, and the switch S is controlled by discharging Q On-time duty cycle alpha 2i Satisfy alpha 2i T S >5τ。
Simulation result analysis:
fig. 8 is a simulation waveform of the present invention in a state where four batteries are stationary, the simulation parameters of which are: energy storage inductance l=100deg.uH, back-end capacitance c=100deg.uF, switching frequency f=5khz, switch S i (i=1, 2,3 …) duty cycle d=0.2, battery initial voltage V B1 ＝3000mV，V B2 ＝4700mV，V B3 ＝5000mV，V B4 =3500 mV. As can be seen from fig. 8, although the initial voltages of the batteries are different, under the present invention and the corresponding control strategy, the batteries can be balanced at the same speed, and the voltages are consistent without interlacing, thereby realizing the function of voltage balancing.
Fig. 9 is a simulation waveform of the topology shown in fig. 8 operating in a charging mode, and the charging current is 0.15A, and it can be seen from the figure that the single-inductor bidirectional battery equalization circuit proposed herein can quickly realize voltage equalization of each battery cell when the battery is operating in a charging state.
Fig. 10 is a simulation waveform of the topology shown in fig. 8 operating in a discharging mode, wherein the discharging resistance is 100deg.C, and it can be seen from the figure that the single-inductor bidirectional battery equalization circuit provided herein can still rapidly realize voltage equalization of each battery cell when the battery operates in a discharging state.
In conclusion, the single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology provided by the invention has the characteristics of high equalization speed, consistent equalization speed of each battery cell, small energy loss and the like, and can rapidly realize the voltage equalization of the battery cell no matter in a charging state, a discharging state or a standing state.
Claims (2)
1. The single-capacitor centralized equalizer circuit is characterized by comprising N battery cells, N energy converters, an energy storage capacitor, a discharge control switch and a back electrode diode; n battery cells are sequentially connected in series to form a battery pack, and each battery cell is respectively connected with an energy converter;
each energy converter is connected in parallel with each other at the output end and is connected with the energy storage capacitor together; the two ends of the energy storage capacitor are respectively connected with a discharge control switch and a cathode of the rear diode, and the discharge control switch and an anode of the rear diode are respectively connected with a positive end and a negative end of the battery pack;
each energy converter comprises a switching tube, an energy storage inductor and three diodes; the switching tube and one of the diodes are sequentially connected to a cathode circuit of the battery cell, the cathode of the battery cell is sequentially connected to the switching tube and the anode of the diode, and the cathode of the diode is connected to one end of the energy storage capacitor; the other two diodes are sequentially connected to the positive electrode circuit of the battery cell, the positive electrode of the battery cell is connected with the anode of one diode, the cathode of the other diode is connected with the cathode of the other diode, and the anode of the other diode is connected with the other end of the energy storage capacitor; one end of the energy storage inductor is connected between the switching tube and the diode of the negative electrode circuit, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected between the two diodes on the positive electrode circuit.
2. The method of equalizing a single-capacitor centralized equalizer circuit of claim 1, comprising the steps of: the battery equalization of the battery pack is completed by discharging the high-energy battery monomers in the battery pack; the specific process is that a corresponding switching tube of a certain battery cell to be discharged is conducted, and the battery cell charges a corresponding energy storage inductor; after the switch tube is turned off, the energy storage inductor and the energy storage capacitor resonate, energy is transferred from the inductor to the energy storage capacitor, and resonance is not performed when the resonance current is zero due to the current limiting effect of the back-electrode diode; at this time, the discharge control switch is turned on, and the energy stored in the energy storage capacitor flows through the discharge control switch and the rear diode to charge the battery pack, so that the discharge process from the battery cell to the battery pack is completed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109672246B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2024-01-19 | 西南交通大学 | Flyback multi-path equalizing circuit based on Buck_boost unit and control method thereof |
| CN110323803B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2023-01-06 | 三峡大学 | Multiphase interleaved converter suitable for series lithium ion battery pack |
| CN110247456B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-07-16 | 钰泰半导体南通有限公司 | Multi-lithium battery equalization management switch system and current detection method thereof |
| CN114530637B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-01-13 | 广州菲利斯太阳能科技有限公司 | Voltage balancing device and control method for series lithium battery pack |
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