CN114292141A - Traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam and a preparation method thereof, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 25-35 parts of cow dung, 8-12 parts of burley tobacco waste, 8-12 parts of plant ash, 8-12 parts of molasses liquid, 2-5 parts of microbial agent, 4-6 parts of enzyme preparation, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-2 parts of urea and 1-2 parts of lime powder. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the raw materials are crushed and stirred evenly, and then compost is retted. The invention can fully utilize organic waste, carry out ecological reduction, change waste into valuable, reduce the pollution to the environment, activate beneficial microorganisms in soil, improve the soil quality, improve the soil fertilizer storage and water retention capacity, simultaneously inhibit the growth of weeds, promote the development of crop roots, enhance the activity of enzymes in crops, improve the yield and the quality of the crops, have low production cost and high economic value, and realize the double harvest of the environment and the agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of bio-organic fertilizers, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the Chinese medicine industry, the production and processing scale of Chinese medicines is gradually increased, and the generated Chinese medicine dregs are increased day by day. Because of the influence of various factors such as technology, fund, and the like, the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue is simple and rough to process, thereby not only causing resource waste, but also bringing about serious environmental pollution.
A large amount of cellulose, protein, lipid and various trace elements are remained in the traditional Chinese medicine dregs, so the biomass resource can be recycled, and can be used for producing products with new value. The method has the advantages that the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are converted into the biological organic fertilizer by applying the biotechnology, the utilization rate of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs is improved, and the method is a good method for changing waste into valuable.
The organic fertilizer prepared from the Chinese medicinal waste residues in China has been researched for decades and related technical documents are published. But up to now no good industrialization and industrial chain has been formed. The reason for this is that the prior art has many research trends and few practical technologies, and some prior arts have many technical deficiencies, which causes a practical problem that the prior art reports many researches but the technologies which can be put into practical use are almost none.
In the existing patent documents, the earliest document about using the waste residue of traditional Chinese medicine as organic fertilizer is searched: CN200610068649.2 method for producing organic fertilizer by using Chinese medicine residue, the Chinese medicine residue described in the document comprises: the method for producing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps: 1. carrying out high-temperature aerobic fermentation on the fresh Chinese medicine residues for 3-5 days, then naturally airing and cooling to normal temperature, and removing part of water; 2. adding other effective components and mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the raw materials is as follows: 25-35% of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 15-25% of sophora flower bud dregs, 20-30% of furfural residues, 8-12% of urea, 5-8% of potassium sulfate, 1-3% of diammonium, 4-8% of humic acid and 1% of a micro-fertilizer; 3. and (4) processing, granulating, drying and bagging by adopting a conventional process.
The analysis and research of the literature can find that: the traditional Chinese medicine dregs in the document are rare traditional Chinese medicines, the actual dosage and yield of the medicine per se are low in reality, and the application scale can be formed unless the yield of a plurality of medicine enterprises is concentrated, so that the industrialization is difficult to form fundamentally. And the method disclosed in the application document is too simple and is not suitable for large-scale industrial production.
We also retrieved a patent application document: CN201010235647.4 Bio-organic fertilizer produced by using Chinese medicine waste residue and a preparation method thereof, the disclosed technical proposal is as follows: the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and uniformly stirring the following raw materials in percentage by weight, fermenting, post-fermenting, air-drying or granulating and drying at a low temperature of below 60 ℃: 70-74% of traditional Chinese medicine waste residues, 10-14% of sludge of a beer wastewater treatment station, 0.1% of enzyme microorganism, 10-14% of trace element fertilizer, 2-4% of phosphate fertilizer and 3-5% of urea. The traditional Chinese medicine waste residue is one or more of phellodendron bark, coptis chinensis, scutellaria baicalensis, rheum officinale, liquorice, radix ophiopogonis, adenophora tetraphylla, dark plum, dried orange peel, subprostrate sophora, red ginseng, pseudo-ginseng, angelica sinensis, salvia miltiorrhiza, caulis spatholobi, safflower, ginkgo leaves, hawthorn, chrysanthemum, concha haliotidis, rhizoma acori graminei, radix puerariae, Chinese yam, rhizoma alismatis, bighead atractylodes rhizome, poria cocos, glossy privet fruit, chrysanthemum, raw pinellia ternate, loquat leaves, bitter apricot seeds, codonopsis pilosula, ligusticum wallichii, radix paeoniae alba, radix paeoniae rubra, prepared rehmannia root, salvia miltiorrhiza, houttuynia cordata, lonicera confusa, wild chrysanthemum flower, gardenia, isatis root and andrographis paniculata, and the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue is obtained after production of tablets, capsules, granules, injections, sprays or powder.
The analysis and research of the literature can find that: in the document, up to forty kinds of traditional Chinese medicine waste residues can be used as raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer, but the raw materials are practically not deeply researched and experimentally discussed about each traditional Chinese medicine waste residue at all, so that the raw materials are not practical, and the practical industrialization can be realized. And the method also has the problems of the previous document, namely the problem that the practical yield of a plurality of traditional Chinese medicines is too low to realize industrialization at all, and the problem that the production method is too simple and impractical.
The third document we have searched is: CN201410156636.5 organic fertilizer containing Chinese medicine dregs and its production process, which is an organic fertilizer prepared by mixing and fermenting livestock and poultry manure, Chinese medicine dregs, bagasse, corncob, wheat bran, mushroom, phosphorus humate, ammonium phosphate humate, high-nitrogen ammonium humate, seaweed active substances and trace elements, and is mainly suitable for fertilizing fruit trees. The organic fertilizer comprises the following components: 40-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30-40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 7-8 parts of bagasse, 6-7 parts of corncobs, 8-9 parts of wheat bran, 8-10 parts of mushroom, 0.1-0.2 part of phosphorus humate, 0.1-0.2 part of ammonium phosphate humate, 0.2-0.3 part of high-nitrogen ammonium humate, 1-1.5 parts of seaweed active substances and trace elements; the active substances and microelements of the marine algae are extracted from the giant kelp, the sea-bag algae and the gulfweed, and the component ratio of the giant kelp, the sea-bag algae and the gulfweed is (1-2) to 1: 1; the traditional Chinese medicine residue comprises the following components: 2 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 3 parts of pericarpium arecae, 5 parts of schizonepeta, 1 part of fermented soybean, 4 parts of malt, 2 parts of cogongrass rhizome, 3 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 1 part of scutellaria baicalensis, 3 parts of liquorice, 1 part of corydalis bungeana, 1 part of isatis root, 2 parts of fructus cnidii, 3 parts of cortex dictamni, 8 parts of bletilla striata, 4 parts of angelica dahurica, 6 parts of sophora flavescens, 2 parts of gentian and 3 parts of dandelion.
The analysis and research of the literature can find that: the defect and the defect of the document are that 1, 30 to 40 parts of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs in the components, but 54 parts of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs in the formula, and the technical scheme of the scutellaria baicalensis cannot be implemented after the scutellaria baicalensis is written twice (2 parts of the scutellaria baicalensis and 1 part of the scutellaria baicalensis), and the practicability is not achieved at all; 2. ethanol is added, heating reflux is carried out, extraction and concentration are carried out, and crushing and drying are carried out, so that the cost is increased, the operation is not suitable for large-scale operation, and the industrial mass production cannot be realized; 3. the re-extraction solution of the traditional Chinese medicine residues is used, so that the effective components can be extracted, the extraction amount can be increased, the extracted residues can be treated, no scheme is provided, and if the extracted residues are treated as garbage, the technical scheme cannot be used as the utilization technology of the traditional Chinese medicine residues!
At present, an approach and an industrialization scheme which can really utilize the waste residue of the traditional Chinese medicine and realize industrialization and sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources are urgently needed to be found.
The odor of the waste tobacco leaves is very rich and strong, and the odor has peculiar insect expelling effect through experimental observation, so that underground insects can be effectively expelled; the tannin can sterilize and remove mites, inhibit soil-borne diseases and effectively prevent and control underground nematodes; phenol, aldehyde, quinone, lipid aromatic substances and organic acid, which belong to natural plant growth regulators, promote the growth of crop roots and are good raw materials for producing organic fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam and a preparation method thereof. The technical scheme is developed and given after the actual Chinese medicine waste residue yield of the Chinese medicine enterprise is fully investigated and the key Chinese medicine waste residue with the industrialization condition and the key target economic crop are combined, is feasible through practical test verification on the basis of the cooperation of the research and development unit, the medicine enterprise and the planting base, and is an industrialization scheme for truly realizing the sustainable utilization of the Chinese medicine resources.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20-35 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 25-35 parts of cow dung, 8-12 parts of burley tobacco waste, 8-12 parts of plant ash, 8-12 parts of molasses liquid, 2-5 parts of microbial agent, 4-6 parts of enzyme preparation, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-2 parts of urea and 1-2 parts of lime powder.
Furthermore, the scutellaria baicalensis dregs are dried and crushed by a crusher, and the granularity is less than or equal to 20 mm.
Furthermore, the waste burley tobacco leaves of the invention need to be dried, crushed by a crusher and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve.
Further, the microbial agent is an EM compound microbial agent.
Further, the enzyme preparation is a disease-preventing enzyme.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the scutellaria baicalensis dregs, and crushing the scutellaria baicalensis dregs by a crusher to obtain particles with the particle size less than or equal to 20m m.
S2, drying the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve.
S3, uniformly mixing the crushed scutellaria baicalensis dregs, the cow dung, the crushed burley tobacco waste, the plant ash, the molasses liquid and the calcium superphosphate, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 30:1 by using urea, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using lime powder, adding the microbial agent and the enzyme preparation into the fermentation product, mixing and stirring uniformly, wherein the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 60 +/-5%.
And S4, placing the obtained fermentation product in a 1-ton compost fermentation tank for high-temperature fermentation, and setting the ventilation rate to be 0.2L/min/kg DM.
S5, measuring the temperature in the compost fermentation pool by a thermometer in a depth of 30cm, mechanically turning the compost once when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, mechanically turning the compost once every 5 to 6 days later, and fermenting for 21 days until the temperature of the fermentation pool does not rise any more.
S6, aging and drying the fermented material after fermentation to ensure that the moisture content is below 18 percent.
S7, screening and granulating the dried fermented material to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer granule product.
Further, the method for judging the water content of 60 +/-5% in the preparation method of the invention comprises the following steps: after the mixture is kneaded into a ball by hand, water accumulation is observed among fingers, and a small amount of water drops are scattered when falling to the ground.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention selects the scutellaria baicalensis dregs generated by Chinese medicine enterprises (Shenwei pharmaceutical industry, Chiling pharmaceutical industry and the like) with single-ingredient particle mass production, and the scutellaria baicalensis particles are strictly in accordance with the relevant national quality standards in the production and preparation process and have single variety, so the drug effect is easy to control, other adverse reactions are not generated, and in addition, the dosage of the scutellaria baicalensis particles is large, the generated waste amount is large, and the large-batch production of the bio-organic fertilizer can be met. The scutellaria baicalensis dregs contain various organic nutrients and active ingredients, mainly comprise amino acid, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, various inorganic elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, manganese, aluminum, zinc, chromium, magnesium, iron and the like, and a small amount of vitamins, wherein the scutellaria baicalensis polysaccharide is used as a biostimulant raw material, has the functions of immunoregulation, antibiosis, bacteriostasis and antivirus, can obviously help crops to better adapt to the environment, simultaneously reduces the waste of resources, improves the utilization rate of the traditional Chinese medicine waste residues, and has important significance for the virtuous cycle development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves have small porosity, slow decomposition speed and longer fermentation period, the cow dung has relatively large porosity and is rich in beneficial microorganisms, and the cow dung and the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves are mixed for composting, so that the porosity of compost materials can be effectively increased, ventilation is improved, the number of microorganisms is increased, the decomposition of the materials is accelerated, and the composting period is shortened. Meanwhile, the waste burley tobacco leaves are rich in various elements such as carbon, nitrogen, potassium and the like, and the two elements are mixed to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the bio-organic fertilizer can play a complementary role in the aspect of nutrient elements. Moreover, the burley tobacco contains 200 fragrant substances, even 30 compounds which are not reported yet are abundant and strong in odor, the odor of the burley tobacco is found to have peculiar insect repellent effect through experimental observation, and particularly, the organic fertilizer is applied to Chinese yam to find that the organic fertilizer has certain insect repellent effect. In recent studies on the utilization of waste tobacco leaves, it is considered that the waste tobacco leaves can be used as insect repellents by utilizing nicotine in the waste tobacco leaves, which is actually a less accurate recognition. This is because some researchers mistakenly believe nicotine to be the same as neonicotine in neonicotinoid pesticides, which is not true. Neonicotinoids, as the name suggests, are different from nicotine, and the chemical formula structure of neonicotinoids is not nicotine, but nicotine is what we often say, and is an important substance in tobacco for people to rely on and relieve stress and vacuity. The nicotine is obviously highly toxic to human and is not suitable for being developed and used as pesticide (which is the common knowledge in the field), so the neonicotine pesticide is produced at the same time. Neonicotinoids, however, are not nicotine. And the nicotine content in the tobacco leaves after fermentation is obviously reduced, the content of the tobacco leaves in the fertilizer is not high, but the tobacco leaves still have certain insect repelling effect but do not kill insects in tests. The molasses liquid can effectively promote the root system development of crops, enhance the activity of enzymes in the crops and improve the absorption and utilization rate of the crops to fertilizers. The disease-preventing enzyme can activate beneficial microorganisms in soil and ensure the fertilizer efficiency of the biological organic fertilizer. The fertilizer has a deodorizing effect by utilizing the calcium superphosphate, and can reduce odor generated in the fermentation process after the calcium superphosphate is added, so that secondary pollution is avoided. According to the invention, the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by processing the scutellaria baicalensis dregs, the cow dung, the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves, the plant ash, the molasses liquid, the microbial agent, the enzyme preparation and the calcium superphosphate.
The organic fertilizer is one of achievements researched and developed by Chinese medicinal waste residue bioorganic fertilizer preparation and application on the basis of Chinese medicinal ecological agriculture research and application (2017 YFC 1700703) based on an ecological system circulation mode in a national key research and development project. The whole project adopts a mode of 'scientific research colleges + leading enterprises + farmers' to build a yam production demonstration base for popularization and application of the bio-organic fertilizer, and in practice, through experimental research, the practical experiment application of the agricultural experiment base is through three steps of agricultural and rural popularization. The fertilizer is applied to the economic crop Chinese yam, the fertilizer effect is very obvious, the fertilizer is saved by more than 20%, the usage amount of chemical pesticides is reduced by more than 18%, the irrigation water is reduced by more than 15%, the growth indexes of fresh weight, length, stem thickness, reed rhizome length and the like of the Chinese yam are obviously improved, the yield is obviously increased, the content of effective and beneficial substances such as polysaccharide, flavone and the like in the Chinese yam can be obviously improved, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, good economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit are obtained, and the fertilizer is well recognized and praised by broad Chinese yam growers. The popularization area is 4000 mu per year at present. The Chinese medicinal material science and technology service promotion system of leading enterprises and basic agricultural technical stations as the implementation main body is fully exerted, and the socialized service can be stably provided for a long time.
The environmental problems caused by the application of fertilizers are increasingly prominent, and the production and use of organic fertilizers are no longer produced and used in some countries and regions, and the production and use of organic fertilizers are gradually becoming a trend. The research project of the invention can improve the crop yield and quality, reduce the using amount of the chemical fertilizer, and fully utilize organic wastes such as traditional Chinese medicine waste residue, burley tobacco waste tobacco leaf and the like to produce the organic fertilizer, thereby being an important way for changing waste into valuable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a bar chart of the effect of different fertilization treatments on the content of the effective components of Chinese yam in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 28 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of burley tobacco waste, 10 parts of plant ash, 9 parts of molasses liquid, 3 parts of microbial agent, 4 parts of enzyme preparation, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of urea and 1 part of lime powder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the scutellaria baicalensis dregs, and crushing the scutellaria baicalensis dregs by a crusher to obtain particles with the particle size less than or equal to 20m m.
S2, drying the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve.
S3, uniformly mixing the crushed scutellaria baicalensis dregs, the cow dung, the crushed burley tobacco waste, the plant ash, the molasses liquid and the calcium superphosphate, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 30:1 by using urea, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using lime powder, adding the microbial agent and the enzyme preparation into the fermentation product, mixing and stirring uniformly, wherein the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 60 +/-5%.
And S4, placing the obtained fermentation product in a 1-ton compost fermentation tank for high-temperature fermentation, and setting the ventilation rate to be 0.2L/min/kg DM.
S5, measuring the temperature in the compost fermentation pool by a thermometer in a depth of 30cm, mechanically turning the compost once when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, mechanically turning the compost once every 5 to 6 days later, and fermenting for 21 days until the temperature of the fermentation pool does not rise any more.
S6, aging and drying the fermented material after fermentation to ensure that the moisture content is below 18 percent.
S7, screening and granulating the dried fermented material to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer granule product.
Example 2:
a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 29 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 30 parts of cow dung, 19 parts of burley tobacco waste, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of molasses liquid, 4 parts of microbial agent, 5 parts of enzyme preparation, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of urea and 1 part of lime powder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the scutellaria baicalensis dregs, and crushing the scutellaria baicalensis dregs by a crusher to obtain particles with the particle size less than or equal to 20m m.
S2, drying the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve.
S3, uniformly mixing the crushed scutellaria baicalensis dregs, the cow dung, the crushed burley tobacco waste, the plant ash, the molasses liquid and the calcium superphosphate, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 30:1 by using urea, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using lime powder, adding the microbial agent and the enzyme preparation into the fermentation product, mixing and stirring uniformly, wherein the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 60 +/-5%.
And S4, placing the obtained fermentation product in a 1-ton compost fermentation tank for high-temperature fermentation, and setting the ventilation rate to be 0.2L/min/kg DM.
S5, measuring the temperature in the compost fermentation pool by a thermometer in a depth of 30cm, mechanically turning the compost once when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, mechanically turning the compost once every 5 to 6 days later, and fermenting for 21 days until the temperature of the fermentation pool does not rise any more.
S6, aging and drying the fermented material after fermentation to ensure that the moisture content is below 18 percent.
S7, screening and granulating the dried fermented material to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer granule product.
Example 3:
a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 35 parts of cow dung, 12 parts of burley tobacco waste, 8 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of molasses liquid, 5 parts of microbial agent, 6 parts of enzyme preparation, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of urea and 1 part of lime powder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the scutellaria baicalensis dregs, and crushing the scutellaria baicalensis dregs by a crusher to obtain particles with the particle size less than or equal to 20m m.
S2, drying the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve.
S3, uniformly mixing the crushed scutellaria baicalensis dregs, the cow dung, the crushed burley tobacco waste, the plant ash, the molasses liquid and the calcium superphosphate, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 30:1 by using urea, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using lime powder, adding the microbial agent and the enzyme preparation into the fermentation product, mixing and stirring uniformly, wherein the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 60 +/-5%.
And S4, placing the obtained fermentation product in a 1-ton compost fermentation tank for high-temperature fermentation, and setting the ventilation rate to be 0.2L/min/kg DM.
S5, measuring the temperature in the compost fermentation pool by a thermometer in a depth of 30cm, mechanically turning the compost once when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, mechanically turning the compost once every 5 to 6 days later, and fermenting for 21 days until the temperature of the fermentation pool does not rise any more.
S6, aging and drying the fermented material after fermentation to ensure that the moisture content is below 18 percent.
S7, screening and granulating the dried fermented material to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer granule product.
The invention relates to a comparison experiment scheme and result analysis of the use effect of a biological fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The tested raw material yam is purchased from the drug market of Annational Hebei and is identified as the dried rhizome of Dioscorea Opposita Thunb of Dioscoreaceae; the scutellaria residue comes from a certain pharmaceutical enterprise in Hebei; the cow dung comes from a certain cattle farm in Hebei; EM (effective microorganisms) composite microorganism strain (Zhengzhou Nonghuobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); the waste burley tobacco leaves come from a certain tobacco factory; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea (Henan Yanghua chemical Co., Ltd., pure nitrogen content is more than or equal to 46.3%); the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate (containing phosphorus pentoxide (P2O 5) more than or equal to 12 percent by Shanghai Mingyi chemical group Co., Ltd.); the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate (K2O is more than or equal to 50 percent by Shandong Qingshang chemical industry Co., Ltd.); plant ash, molasses liquid and lime powder are commercially available.
The main instruments 752PC type ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (Shanghai spectrometer Co., Ltd.), L600 low speed automatic balance centrifuge (Changshan instrument centrifuge Co., Ltd.), METTLER TOLEDO one in ten thousand electronic balance, one in thousand electronic balance (Shanghai precision science instruments Co., Ltd.), numerical control ultrasonic extractor (Jinningtianhua ultrasonic electronic instruments Co., Ltd.), KQ3200DE type numerical control ultrasonic cleaner (Qunshan ultrasonic instruments Co., Ltd.), conical flask, filter paper, etc.
The main reagents are glucose reference substance (batch number: HVOD-FZ3K, China institute for biological products assay, purity >99%), rutin standard substance (China institute for biological products assay, purity >99%), ethanol is analytically pure, and water is highly pure water.
1.2 preparation of the biological organic fertilizer. See the above embodiments.
1.3 general description of the test
The test site is in eight big keemun medicine planting bases of Anguo of Baoding city in Hebei province. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil to be tested are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 basic Properties of the soil tested
1.4 design of the experiment
The random block test design is adopted, 4 treatments are arranged, the process is repeated for 3 times, and the area of each cell is 10 square meters. Each test treatment group is: control CK: conventional fertilization; processing T1: CK +450 kg/hm2A biological organic fertilizer; processing T2: CK +750 kg/hm2A biological organic fertilizer; processing T3: CK + 1050 kg/hm2A biological organic fertilizer. Wherein the conventional fertilization comprises the following steps: base fertilizer (Chicken manure 60000 kg/hm)21050 kg/hm cake fertilizer2375 kg/hm diammonium phosphate2375 kg/hm potassium sulfate2) Additional fertilizer (diammonium phosphate 375 kg/hm)2375 kg/hm potassium sulfate2375 kg/hm urea2). The biological organic fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer and applied twice, and the amount of the biological organic fertilizer is 300kg/hm during ditching2And applying the mixture in the filtration ditch when the yam is planted. The cultivation management modes of all treatments are the same except that the types of applied fertilizers are different. In order to avoid the mutual influence of water and fertilizer among the cells, cement bricks are used for isolating among the cells.
1.5 measurement index and method
Chinese yam disease index survey: the incidence rate and disease index of the root-stem rot disease are investigated once every half month for 3 times, and the incidence rate and disease index are calculated according to the number of diseased plants.
The disease classification of Chinese yam plants is totally set to 5 grades. Level 0: the whole plant leaves have no disease spots; level 1: slightly, the lower leaves have scabs, and the upper leaves have no scabs; and 2, stage: the lower part of the plant has more scabs, the upper part of the plant has less scabs, and the leaf falling rate of the plant is 1 to 30 percent; and 3, level: serious, the leaf spot is much, the leaf falling rate of the plant is 30 to 90 percent; 4, level: the plant is dead, the leaf falling rate of the plant reaches more than 90 percent or the plant is dead.
Incidence = number of affected plants/number of total investigated plants × 100
Fresh weight, length, stem thickness, and reed head length were measured: during sampling, 3 Chinese yams are randomly dug in each cell, the fresh weight of each Chinese yam tuber is measured by an electronic balance, the length and the head length of each Chinese yam are measured by measuring tapes, the stem thickness is measured by a vernier caliper, and the average value is calculated. The length of the tuber is measured from the beginning of the Chinese yam tip, a section with uniform thickness is selected as the stem thickness, and the part from the top end of the Chinese yam to the stem thickness of the tuber, which is 3 cm, is the reed head.
And (3) measuring the content of the total flavonoids: precisely weighing 1.000 g of yam powder, placing into a 250 mL conical flask with a plug, adding 40 mL of 70% ethanol, extracting at 70 ℃ for 1 hour, cooling, filtering, and metering to a 50 mL volumetric flask to obtain a sample solution. Precisely measuring 2 mL of sample liquid into a 10mL volumetric flask, adding 70% ethanol, diluting to 5 mL of volume, adding 0.3 mL of 5% Na (NO3)2 solution, shaking up, and standing for 10 min; adding 0.3 mL of 10% Al (NO3)3 solution, shaking up, and standing for 10 min; adding 4 mL of 4% NaOH solution, adding 70% ethanol to a constant volume, shaking, standing for 15min, measuring absorbance at 510 nm wavelength with 70% ethanol as blank, and calculating flavone percentage.
And (3) determination of polysaccharide content: respectively and accurately weighing 50.0 mg of 3 parts of yam powder, placing the yam powder in a 50 mL volumetric flask, and shaking up to obtain a sample solution. Precisely absorbing 2 mL of the sample liquid into 15 mL test tubes with plugs, simultaneously taking 2 mL of distilled water as blank, respectively adding 1 mL of 5% phenol solution and 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid into each test tube, shaking up immediately, boiling in a water bath for 15min, cooling in a water bath for 30 min, measuring the light absorption value at 490 nm by using a visible spectrophotometer, and calculating the polysaccharide content by using a standard curve.
1.6 data processing
Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS23.0 software, with the measured data expressed in x + -s, usingtInspection, the count data is expressed in% and x is used2And (4) checking the test result,P <a difference of 0.05 is statistically significant.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on yam growth
As can be seen from the table 2, the fresh weight, the stem thickness and the length of the Chinese yam tubers all tend to increase along with the increase of the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer. Compared with CK, the fresh weight of tubers treated by T1, T2 and T3 is respectively increased by 15.2%, 32.0% and 37.1%, the stem thickness is respectively increased by 10.9%, 23.6% and 50.9%, and the length of tubers is respectively increased by 5.08%, 6.84% and 12.49%, which all achieve significant difference. Processing rhizoma Dioscoreae pieces compared with T1 in T2The fresh weight and the thickness of the stem are obviously different, and the length difference of the tuber is not obvious; compared with T2, the fresh weight and the stem thickness of the yam tubers are not significantly different in the treatment of T3, and the lengths of the tubers are significantly different. Compared with CK, the reed head length of the Chinese yam is 38.85-40.54 cm without difference under each fertilization treatment, which indicates that the reed head length of the Chinese yam is not affected by fertilization. In all treatments, T3 (the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 1050 kg/hm)2) The fresh weight, the long head, the length and the stem thickness of the Chinese yam are all optimal.
TABLE 2 Effect of different fertilization treatments on yam growth
Note: different letters indicate significant differences between treatment groups by LSD multiple comparisons (P <0.05), the following.
2.2 Effect of different fertilization treatments on the content of effective ingredients of Dioscorea opposita Thunb
As can be seen from the attached figure 1, the content of the effective components of the Chinese yam can be increased by applying the biological organic fertilizer containing the Chinese medicinal waste residues, and the difference between each treatment and CK reaches a remarkable level. The content of total flavone in the T3 treated group is highest and is 4.82mg/g, the content of total flavone in CK is lowest and is 3.91mg/g, and the content of total flavone in the T3 treated group is increased by 23.27 percent compared with that of CK; polysaccharide content ranked as T3>T2>T1>CK, using T3 (the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 1050 kg/hm)2) The polysaccharide content of the treated yam was the highest, 6.77%. The content of the effective components of the Chinese yam can be improved by the Chinese medicine waste residue biological organic fertilizer. (see FIG. 1)
2.3 Effect of different fertilization treatments on disease index of Yam
The disease symptom of the yam rhizome rot is that the underground root system and the tuber are infected by germs: the root system is soaked and dyed to be black, and the death of the root system is caused when the root system is serious; the dip-dyed tubers begin from Chinese yam mouthpieces, irregular brown spots are formed on the tubers in the early stage, the spots in the later stage are enlarged to form dark brown long disease spots, and the tubers are rotten in severe cases. As can be seen from table 3, T3 treatment had the greatest effect on the incidence and disease index of yam, with 25% incidence and 13.75% disease index. Compared with a blank control, the disease rate of each treatment is respectively reduced by 21.05%, 26.31% and 73.68%, the disease index is respectively reduced by 26.67%, 35.55% and 75.55%, and the difference is significant. The result shows that the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer can reduce the incidence and disease index of the Chinese yam rhizome rot to a certain extent.
TABLE 3 influence of different fertilization treatments on disease index of yam
3 conclusion
The burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves have small porosity, slow decomposition speed and longer fermentation period, the cow dung has relatively large porosity and is rich in beneficial microorganisms, and the cow dung and the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves are mixed for composting, so that the porosity of compost materials can be effectively increased, ventilation is improved, the number of microorganisms is increased, the decomposition of the materials is accelerated, and the composting period is shortened. Through experimental observation, the burley tobacco has abundant and strong smoke smell, has certain insect expelling effect and can effectively expel underground insects. The molasses liquid can effectively promote the root system development of crops, enhance the activity of enzymes in the crops and improve the absorption and utilization rate of the crops to fertilizers. The disease-preventing enzyme can activate beneficial microorganisms in soil and ensure the fertilizer efficiency of the biological organic fertilizer. The fertilizer has a deodorizing effect by utilizing the calcium superphosphate, and can reduce odor generated in the fermentation process after the calcium superphosphate is added, so that secondary pollution is avoided. According to the method, scutellaria baicalensis dregs, cow dung, burley tobacco waste, plant ash, molasses liquid, microbial agent, enzyme preparation and calcium superphosphate are processed to prepare a bio-organic fertilizer which is applied to the Chinese yam, the fresh weight of tubers is increased by 15.2% -37.1%, the stem diameter is increased by 10.9% -50.9%, the length of tubers is increased by 5.08% -12.49%, the content of total flavonoids is increased by 3.83% -23.27%, the content of polysaccharides is increased by 13.85% -56.35%, the morbidity is reduced by 21.05% -73.68%, and the disease index is reduced by 26.67% -75.55%.
Claims (7)
1. A traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam is characterized in that: the biological organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 25-35 parts of cow dung, 8-12 parts of burley tobacco waste, 8-12 parts of plant ash, 8-12 parts of molasses liquid, 2-5 parts of microbial agent, 4-6 parts of enzyme preparation, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-2 parts of urea and 1-2 parts of lime powder.
2. The traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the scutellaria baicalensis residue is dried and crushed by a crusher, and the granularity is less than or equal to 20m m.
3. The traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves need to be dried, crushed by a crusher and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve.
4. The traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microbial agent is an EM compound microbial agent.
5. The traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the enzyme preparation is a disease-preventing enzyme.
6. A preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the scutellaria baicalensis dregs, and crushing the scutellaria baicalensis dregs by a crusher to obtain particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 20m m;
s2, drying the burley tobacco waste tobacco leaves, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve;
s3, uniformly mixing the crushed scutellaria baicalensis dregs, the cow dung, the crushed burley tobacco waste, the plant ash, the molasses liquid and the calcium superphosphate, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 30:1 by using urea, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using lime powder, adding the microbial agent and the enzyme preparation into the fermentation product, mixing and stirring uniformly, wherein the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 60 +/-5%;
s4, placing the obtained fermentation product in a 1-ton compost fermentation tank for high-temperature fermentation, and setting the ventilation rate to be 0.2L/min/kg DM;
s5, measuring the temperature in the compost fermentation pool by a thermometer in a depth of 30cm, mechanically turning the compost once when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, and mechanically turning the compost once every 5 to 6 days later, and fermenting for 21 days until the temperature of the fermentation pool does not rise any more;
s6, aging and drying the fermented material after fermentation to ensure that the water content is below 18%;
s7, screening and granulating the dried fermented material to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer granule product.
7. The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue bio-organic fertilizer suitable for Chinese yam according to claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, the method for determining the water content of 60 ± 5% is: after the mixture is kneaded into a ball by hand, water accumulation is observed among fingers, and a small amount of water drops are scattered when falling to the ground.
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| CN115286457A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-04 | 湖北四季丰收肥业股份有限公司 | Formula and preparation method of efficient biological pesticide fertilizer |
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