CN110981629A - Method for preparing high-activity organic fertilizer from traditional Chinese medicine residues through sectional inoculation - Google Patents
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- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
Abstract
The application provides a method for preparing a high-activity organic fertilizer from traditional Chinese medicine residues by segmented inoculation, namely, the traditional Chinese medicine residues are used as raw materials for aerobic fermentation, Kelly already-acidi and Pseudomonas taiwan are inoculated in a temperature rise period, high-temperature Streptomyces violaceus is inoculated when the composting temperature reaches 55 ℃, moist Cellulomonas cellulosae and Pseudomonas taiwan are inoculated when the composting temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, the temperature of a stack is reduced to below 35 ℃, and the fermentation is stopped when the water content is below 40%, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained; the invention can utilize the Chinese medicine residue waste as resources, thereby reducing the soil pollution, the water body pollution and the atmospheric pollution caused by the Chinese medicine residue waste, promoting the development of the Chinese medicine industry, having environmental benefit and realizing economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a high-activity organic fertilizer containing traditional Chinese medicine residues and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Chinese medicine industry develops year by year, the solid waste of the dregs generated in the production process of the Chinese medicine also increases year by year, and the annual output can reach 3000 ten thousand tons. However, the traditional Chinese medicine residues have the characteristics of high humidity, peculiar smell, difficult degradation and high wood fiber content, so that a plurality of problems exist in subsequent utilization, and the current main disposal methods comprise modes of burning, landfill, open-air stacking and the like, which cause great pollution to the environment.
The Chinese medicinal residue contains abundant organic substances and inorganic minerals (including nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. required by plant growth), and also contains nutrient components such as crude fat, crude protein, amino acids, trace elements, etc., and also contains a certain amount of bioactive components such as polysaccharide, flavone, saponin, etc. If the direct abandonment is carried out, serious resource waste is caused.
Therefore, how to reasonably and effectively treat the traditional Chinese medicine residues becomes a serious problem to be faced by traditional Chinese medicine enterprises, and the recycling and harmless utilization of the traditional Chinese medicine residues have great significance for the traditional Chinese medicine enterprises and the environmental protection. At present, some reports of preparing organic fertilizers by fermenting traditional Chinese medicine residues exist, but reports of directly utilizing circumscribed strains are few, and the main reasons are as follows: 1) the traditional Chinese medicine residues are subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure cooking in the early stage, water-soluble nutrients in the traditional Chinese medicine residues are basically leached and cleaned, the activity of microorganisms is low, the available active carbon and nitrogen energy of the microorganisms is lacked, and the microorganisms cannot rapidly grow explosively; 2) the traditional Chinese medicine dregs contain certain antibacterial substances, which causes that the traditional Chinese medicine dregs compost is difficult to colonize due to the competitiveness of microorganisms after the inoculation of exogenous microorganisms, thereby preventing the further application of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs compost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-activity organic fertilizer with traditional Chinese medicine residues and a preparation method thereof. Improve the fertility of the fertilizer soil, the crop yield and the stress resistance of the crops.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a high-activity organic fertilizer from traditional Chinese medicine residues by segmented inoculation comprises the following specific steps: adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio of Chinese medicinal residue to 25-30 and water content to 50-60%, performing segmented inoculation and aerobic fermentation in a strip-stack manner, and inoculating strain in aerobic fermentation temperature rise periodIn an amount of 5X 108-5×109The inoculation proportion (mass ratio) of the CFU/g mixed bacterial powder A is 0.1-0.5%; inoculating high-temperature streptomyces violaceus (St-GW 2) powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16559 when the composting temperature reaches 55 ℃, wherein the inoculation proportion (mass ratio) is 0.1-0.5%; when the composting temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, the mixed bacterial powder B is inoculated according to the inoculation proportion (mass ratio) of 0.1-0.5%; and (4) continuing fermentation, and stopping fermentation when the organic matters obtained by composting are loose and dark brown and uniform in color, the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the water content is below 40%, thus obtaining the high-activity organic fertilizer containing the Chinese medicine residues.
The mixed bacterial powder A is prepared from the bacterial powder of the Kelly already-acidi (Ka-CW 34) with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16562 and the bacterial powder of the Pseudomonas formosa (Pt-CW 19) with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16839 according to the bacterial content of 2:1, the bacterium content of the mixed bacterium powder A is 5 multiplied by 108-5×109CFU/g；
The bacteria content of the high temperature Streptomyces violaceus (St-GW 2) powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16559 is 5 multiplied by 108-5×109CFU/g；
The mixed bacterial powder B is obtained by mixing wet cellulomonas (Cu-CW 35) powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16561 and pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16839 in equal proportion (the bacterial content ratio of the two bacterial powders is 1: 1), and the bacterial content of the mixed bacterial powder B is 5 multiplied by 108-5×109CFU/g。
In the above step, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the herb residue is adjusted by using one or both of the animal manure and the urea.
The inoculation amount of the obligate microorganism strains is 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the weight of the materials after high-temperature fermentation for inoculation.
In the technical scheme of the application, the term "aerobic fermentation in a strip stack" is a conventional fermentation method in the field, such as a fermentation method of stacking compost raw materials into a strip-shaped stack body and periodically turning and throwing the compost raw materials.
In the present application, the terms "above" and "below" include the same numbers.
The fermentation scheme of the application does not limit the components of the traditional Chinese medicine residues in the composting raw materials, in the specific implementation, the traditional Chinese medicine residues such as herbal traditional Chinese medicine residues, woody traditional Chinese medicine residues or animal medicine residues can be used, the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be mixed in any proportion, and the aim of the invention can be achieved as long as the C/N and the water content are adjusted to meet the requirements. Because the Chinese medicinal materials are sliced before decoction, the Chinese medicinal materials are not required to be crushed again during composting.
In the application, the Katy bacteria adipate (Ka-CW 34) with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16562 is disclosed by Chinese patent CN 109439585A (application number is 201811381248.1, the name of the invention is 'Katy adipate and the application thereof in cellulose degradation'), the bacterial strain can efficiently degrade cellulose at normal temperature, and the cellulase activity of the bacterial strain is 1.5-2 times of that of the existing reported bacterial strain.
The high-temperature streptomyces violaceus (St-GW 2) with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16559 is disclosed by Chinese patent CN 109355227A (application number of 201811381245.8, invention name of a high-temperature streptomyces violaceus strain and application thereof in cellulose degradation), the strain can rapidly grow at the temperature of 55 ℃, the cellulose is degraded, the high-temperature period of compost is shortened,
both wet cellulomonas sobria (Cu-CW 35) with the collection number of CGMCC NO.16561 and pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) with the collection number of CGMCC NO.16839 are disclosed by Chinese patent CN109988729A (application number of 201910252892.7, name of invention, a group of normal temperature compound bacterial systems and application thereof in lignocellulose degradation), and the two strains are normal temperature cellulose degrading bacteria which can survive at the temperature below 45 ℃ and can degrade cellulose efficiently after being compounded. The pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) has a good cellulase producing effect, the strain has a synergistic strengthening effect, and compared with the effect of singly inoculating moist cellulomonas sobria or singly inoculating the kefir adipate, the degradation effect is obviously lower than the compound effect, so that the pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) is respectively compounded and inoculated with the kefir adipate (Ka-CW 34) and the moist cellulomonas adipate (Cu-CW 35) in the application.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues are pure plant sources, the content of lignocellulose is high, the degradation speed of organic matters in the composting process is extremely slow, the effect of degrading bacteria is avoided, and the composting time is long. The four strains used in the application are all screened from the traditional Chinese medicine residue compost, belong to endogenous microorganisms and are easy to survive in a compost body. In addition, in the composting process, low, medium and high temperature stages exist, functional microorganism populations playing roles are different in different temperature stages, and main substance conversion of composting in different stages is also different, so that the method can orient organic matters to the direction of humic acid synthesis according to the temperature characteristic of composting, combines the degradation characteristics of organic matters in different stages, and adopts a sectional inoculation method, thereby improving the quality of composting products. Specifically, the aerobic fermentation is carried out by compounding three groups of specific microorganisms; in the aerobic fermentation process, the action of microorganisms is strengthened, the chemical composition of nutrients is changed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is reduced, and mineral nutrient components and humic acid substances which can be directly absorbed by plants are directionally synthesized.
The special microorganism can directionally synthesize active substances in the organic fertilizer, and the content of active humic acid is improved. The fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is lasting and stable, the physical and chemical properties of soil can be obviously improved, the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops are enhanced, and the yield increasing and quality improving effects are obvious. The invention can utilize the Chinese medicine residue waste as resources, thereby reducing the soil pollution, the water body pollution and the atmospheric pollution caused by the Chinese medicine residue waste, promoting the development of the Chinese medicine industry, having environmental benefit and realizing economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the statistical results of the biomass of tomato individuals in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the statistical results of the plant heights of the tomatoes in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the statistics of biomass of tomato individuals in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the statistical results of the plant heights of the tomatoes in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the above-described examples. The bacterial strain related in the following examples has the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16562 and is disclosed by Chinese patent CN 109439585A, and the preservation number of the bacterial strain is CGMCC NO. 16562; streptomyces violaceus (St-GW 2) with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16559, which is disclosed by Chinese patent CN 109355227A; the preservation number of the moist cellulomonas (Cu-CW 35) is CGMCC NO.16561, which is disclosed by Chinese patent CN 109988729A; the preservation number of the pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) is CGMCC NO.16839 and is disclosed by Chinese patent CN 109988729A. The bacterial powder of the four bacterial strains is provided by agricultural science institute of Jiangsu province.
Example 1
The Chinese medicine decoction pieces are prepared from sweet wormwood, honeysuckle, rhizoma corydalis, fritillaria, poria cocos and cassia twig according to the weight ratio of dry materials of 2:1: fully mixing the materials in a ratio of 0.5:1:0.5, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 25 by using urea, adjusting the water content to be 55 percent, using the mixture as a composting raw material, carrying out strip-pile type aerobic composting, wherein the weight of dry matter of each pile is 3t, the length, width and height of the pile are designed to be 8m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1.5m, carrying out strip-pile type aerobic composting, and turning and throwing the materials once every 3-5 days. The fermentation is divided into two groups:
(1) control group: directly composting the composting raw materials without inoculating microorganisms, and obtaining an organic fertilizer when the temperature of a compost body is reduced to be below 35 ℃ and the water content is below 40%;
(2) experimental group 1: sectional inoculation, i.e. inoculation with a bacterial content of 5X 10 in the fermentation temperature rise period (compost initiation)8The inoculation amount of the CFU/g mixed bacterial powder A (the inoculation amount is the mass percent of the bacterial powder in the compost raw materials, and the same below) is 0.1 percent; inoculating the mixture with bacteria content of 5 × 10 when compost temperature reaches 55 deg.C8CFU/g high-temperature streptomyces violaceus (St-GW 2) powder, wherein the inoculation amount is 0.1%; when the compost temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, the inoculation bacterial content is 5 multiplied by 108The inoculation amount of the CFU/g mixed bacterial powder B is 0.1 percent; when the temperature of the pile body is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the water content is below 40 percent, the fermentation is stopped, and the high-activity organic fertilizer of the Chinese medicine residue is obtained.
The mixed bacterial powder A is prepared from Kelvin adipate (Ka-CW 34) bacterial powder and Pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) bacterial powder according to the effective bacterial content of 2:1, mixing to obtain; the mixed bacterial powder B is prepared by mixing moist cellulomonas (Cu-CW 35) and pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) according to the effective bacterial content of 1:1 are mixed to obtain the product.
(3) Experimental group 2: inoculating bacteria at one time, inoculating the bacteria at the initial stage of compostingThe mixed bacterial powder is obtained by mixing pseudomonas gulfweed (Pt-CW 19) bacterial powder, moist cellulomonas (Cu-CW 35) bacterial powder, keleria hexanedioic acid (Ka-CW 34) bacterial powder and streptomyces hygroviolet (St-GW 2) bacterial powder according to the effective bacterial content of 5:4:4:6, the inoculation amount is 0.3%, and the bacterial content of the mixed bacterial powder is 5 multiplied by 109CFU/g; and (3) fully and uniformly mixing the compost material and the mixed bacterial powder, performing stack aerobic fermentation (the fermentation mode is the same as that of the test group 1), and stopping fermentation when the organic matters of the traditional Chinese medicine residues are loose and dark brown and uniform in color, the temperature of a stack body is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the water content is below 40% so as to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer.
1. The total humic acid, fulvic acid and the ratio of humic acid to humic acid of the organic fertilizer obtained in the above 3 groups are detected, and the detection results are shown in table 1:
in table 1, the methods for detecting total humic acid, and fulvic acid are as follows: taking 2 g of dry sample, wherein the leaching liquor is 50mL and 0.2 mol.L-1Na4P2O7And 50mL of 0.2 mol/L-1 NaOH, mechanically vibrated at 37 ℃ for 48 hours, and centrifuged at 2200 g. Accurately taking 20 mL of extract H2SO4Acidifying to pH =1, precipitating the humic acid component, centrifuging 2200 g, and filtering to obtain an extracting solution which is the fulvic acid component, wherein the content of each humic acid is calculated by carbon content, the total humic acid component carbon and the fulvic acid component carbon are respectively determined by dichromic acid oxidation and ferrous ammonium sulfate titration, and the humic acid component carbon = total humic acid component carbon-fulvic acid component carbon.
TABLE 1 fermentation product testing
As can be seen from the table 1, the total humic acid content of the organic fertilizer obtained by the sectional inoculation method is increased by more than 10 percent, the humic acid content of the organic fertilizer is high, the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is durable, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, and the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops can be enhanced; in addition, the content of humic acid as an active component in humic acid is nearly 20 percent, and the improvement is obvious; humic acid is a substance with high molecular weight and high stability in humic acid, contains various functional groups such as carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and the like, and is also the most beneficial substance for soil remediation, and a test group is rich in 1 humic acid, which indicates that a compost product of humic acid has higher nutrient substances.
2. And (3) fertilizer efficiency test:
the experiment is carried out in the experimental base of agricultural academy of sciences of Jiangsu province, and the experiment is divided into four groups;
control 1 group: applying the organic fertilizer obtained from the control group;
control 2 group: applying a commercially available traditional Chinese medicine organic fertilizer (purchased from mucis fertilizer ltd of Jiangsu province);
experiment 1 group: applying the organic fertilizer obtained in the experimental group 1;
experiment 2 group: applying the organic fertilizer obtained in the experiment group 2;
the 4 groups of organic fertilizers are respectively used for planting potted tomatoes, the application amount of the organic fertilizer in each pot is 2 percent (the fertilizer accounts for the weight of the soil), 8 pots are planted in each experimental group, after the planting time is 25 days, the plant height and the biomass of each group of tomatoes are counted, and the results are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the highly active herb residue fertilizer (Experimental group 1) of this example has a significant growth promoting effect in the tomato seedling stage planting.
Example 2
The Chinese medicine decoction pieces are prepared from sweet wormwood, honeysuckle, poria cocos, tree peony bark, cassia twig, peach kernel, rhizoma corydalis and ligusticum chuanxiong hort, wherein the weight of dry materials is 2:1: 0.5: fully mixing the materials in a ratio of 0.5:0.5:0.5:0.5, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 28 by using urea, adjusting the water content to 55%, carrying out strip-pile type aerobic composting, wherein the weight of dry matter of each pile is 3t, the length, width and height of each pile are designed to be 8m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1.5m, carrying out strip-pile type aerobic composting, and turning and throwing the piles once every 3-5 days. This example sets up three sets of experiments:
(1) control group: directly carrying out strip-stack aerobic composting by using composting raw materials without inoculating microorganisms, and obtaining an organic fertilizer when the temperature of a compost body is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the water content is below 40%;
(2) experimental group 3: sectional inoculation, i.e. inoculation with a bacterial content of 5X 10 during the temperature rise period (initial composting)9The inoculation amount of the CFU/g mixed bacterial powder A is 0.5 percent; when the compost temperature reaches 55 ℃, the inoculation bacterial content is 5 multiplied by 109CFU/g high-temperature streptomyces violaceus (St-GW 2) powder, wherein the inoculation amount is 0.5%; when the compost temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, the inoculation bacterial content is 5 multiplied by 109The inoculation amount of the CFU/g mixed bacterial powder B is 0.5 percent; when composting is carried out until the organic matters of the Chinese medicine residue are loose and dark brown and uniform in color, the temperature of a compost body is reduced to be below 35 ℃, and the water content is below 40%, so that the high-activity organic fertilizer of the Chinese medicine residue is obtained.
The mixed bacterial powder A is prepared from Kelvin adipate (Ka-CW 34) bacterial powder and Pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) bacterial powder according to the effective bacterial content of 2:1, mixing to obtain; the mixed bacterial powder B is prepared by mixing moist cellulomonas (Cu-CW 35) and pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) according to the effective bacterial content of 1:1 are mixed to obtain the product.
(3) Experimental group 4: inoculating pseudomonas taiwanensis (Pt-CW 19) powder, moist cellulomonas (Cu-CW 35) powder, kefir adipate (Ka-CW 34) powder and high-temperature streptomyces violaceus (St-GW 2) powder at the initial stage of composting, and mixing the powder according to the effective bacteria content of 5:4:4:6 to obtain mixed powder, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.5%, and the bacteria content of the mixed powder is 5 multiplied by 109CFU/g; and (3) fully and uniformly mixing the compost material and the mixed bacterial powder, when composting is carried out until the organic matters of the Chinese medicine residues are loose and dark brown and uniform in color, and the temperature of a compost body is reduced to be below 35 ℃ and the water content is below 40%, so that the Chinese medicine residue organic fertilizer is obtained.
1. The detection results of the nutrient components of the organic fertilizer obtained in the embodiment are shown in table 2, and the detection method in table 2 is the same as that in embodiment 1:
TABLE 2 fermentation product testing
| Total humic acid | Humic acid | Fulic acid | Hufubi (ratio of hufubi to hufubi) | |
| (g/kg) | （g/kg) | （g/kg） | ||
| Control group | 143.22±7.63 | 88.72±6.87 | 54.50±4.98 | 1.63 |
| Experimental group 3 | 164.07±11.22 | 111.50±9.01 | 52.57±5.96 | 2.12 |
| Experimental group 4 | 148.99±8.46 | 91.83±7.49 | 57.16±4.13 | 1.61 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the total humic acid (experiment group 3) content of the organic fertilizer obtained by the sectional inoculation method is improved by more than 14%, particularly the active component humic acid content in the humic acid is improved by more than 25%, and the sectional inoculation method is proved to be capable of remarkably promoting bacterial strain colonization and decomposition of cellulose in the traditional Chinese medicine residues to synthesize the humic acid component.
2. And (3) fertilizer efficiency test:
the test is carried out in a greenhouse of agricultural science academy of Jiangsu province, and is divided into four groups:
control 1 group: applying the organic fertilizer obtained from the control group;
control 2 group: applying a commercially available traditional Chinese medicine organic fertilizer (purchased from mucis fertilizer ltd of Jiangsu province);
experiment 3 groups: applying the organic fertilizer obtained in the experiment group 3;
experiment 4 groups: applying the organic fertilizer obtained in the experimental group 4;
the potted tomatoes are planted by the 4 groups of organic fertilizers respectively, the fertilizer consumption of each pot is 2%, 8 pots are planted in each group, the planting time is 25 days, the plant height and biomass of each group of tomatoes are counted, and the counting result is shown in fig. 3 and 4. Therefore, the high-activity traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer has a remarkable growth promoting effect in tomato seedling stage planting.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by the present invention are applicable to other related technologies directly or indirectly.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a high-activity organic fertilizer from traditional Chinese medicine residues by segmented inoculation is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residues to be 25-30 and the water content to be 50-60%, and performing segmented inoculation aerobic fermentation as a composting raw material; inoculating the mixed bacterial powder A in an aerobic fermentation temperature rise period, and inoculating high-temperature streptomyces violaceus bacterial powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16559 when the composting temperature reaches 55 ℃; when the composting temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, inoculating the mixed bacterial powder B, continuing fermentation, and when the composting temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ and the water content is below 40%, stopping fermentation to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine residue high-activity organic fertilizer;
the mixed bacterial powder A is prepared from Kalliella hexanedioic acid powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16562 and pseudomonas taiwanensis powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16839 according to the bacterial content of 2:1, mixing to obtain;
the mixed bacteria powder B is obtained by mixing moist cellulomonas powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16561 and pseudomonas taiwanensis powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16839 in equal proportion.
2. The method for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine residue high-activity organic fertilizer by sectional inoculation according to claim 1, wherein the bacteria content of the mixed bacteria powder A, the high-temperature streptomyces violaceus bacteria powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16559 and the mixed bacteria powder B is 5 x 108-5×109CFU/g。
3. The method for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine residue high-activity organic fertilizer by sectional inoculation according to claim 2, wherein the inoculation amounts of the mixed bacterium powder A, the high-temperature streptomyces violaceus bacterium powder with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16559 and the mixed bacterium powder B are 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the compost raw materials.
4. The method for preparing the high-activity organic fertilizer containing traditional Chinese medicine residues through sectional inoculation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adjustment of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residues to be 25 to 30 refers to the adjustment of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residues to be 25 to 30 by using one or both of livestock and poultry manure or urea.
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