CN103964964B - A kind of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process - Google Patents
A kind of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process Download PDFInfo
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer and preparation and application process.The granulated fertilizer mixture that described fertilizer is mixed by urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, is mixed with the decanning dusts of shrimp crab, dried poultrymanure, dry cow dung.Described fertilizer environmental protection, effectively, the output of the bark of eucommia and the content of main pharmacodynamics material Pinoresinol diglucoside can be improved, the raw materials used wide material sources of the method, production technique is simple, fertilising process is convenient, low production cost, effect is remarkable, effectively can solve the problem that the crude drug supply of the bark of eucommia is difficult.
Description
Invention field:
The present invention relates to a kind of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process, belong to the technical field of plantation fertilizer.
Technical background:
The dry stem skin that the bark of eucommia (CortexEucomnna) is the Eucommiaceae plant bark of eucommia (EuconuniaulmidesOliv), the bark of eucommia has the medicinal history of more than 2000 year in China as Chinese medicine.Undergraduate course is 1 genus a kind only, is the Relict Plant in the tertiary period existing only in China, belongs to China's Precious, Rare, Endangered Equations of The Second Kind protected trees.The bark of eucommia is classified as top grade by Shennong's Herbal.Have invigorating the liver and kidney, strengthening the bones and muscles, antiabortive effect, is mainly used in deficiency of the liver and kindey, soreness of the waist and knees, and muscles and bones is unable, Light-headedness, blood leaking in gestation, the illnesss such as threatened abortion.Research display, in the bark of eucommia, contained effective constituent is mainly 40 multiple compounds such as iridoids, gutta-percha, lignanoids and Phenylpropanoid Glycosides class.Secondly wherein lignin and the large percentage shared by iridoids be flavonoid and other compounds.Harvard University professor Hu Xiuying research is thought " bark of eucommia is the natural depressor had no side effect of extra best best in the world at present ".The bark of eucommia also can promote the synthesis Sum decomposition of protein collagen in human body skin, bone, muscle, promote metabolism, anti-aging in advance, chlorogenic acid contained by it has stronger anti-microbial effect, the skin of the bark of eucommia, leaf, branch, regenerated bark and bark of eucommia decoction gavage, engulf erythrocytic function to mouse macrophage under hydrocortisone effect to have a significant effect, phagocytic activity increases, the nonspecific immunity function of enhancing body.Folium Eucommiae alcohol extract also has similarity hormonal action, can promote the intensity that laboratory animal marrow generates and increases its marrow.In addition, the bark of eucommia also has the effect reducing blood sugar, reducing blood-fat, calmness.Effect exclusive due to Eucommia ulmoides and effect, make extensively to be employed in its pharmaceutical industry in China, healthcare products etc.
Bark of eucommia special product, in China western part, the west and south and Upper-middle Reaches of Yangtze River, is mainly distributed in the provinces and regions such as Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hunan, Henan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, generally cultivates, and occasionally has wild.Medical department in all parts of the country, utilizes Cortex Eucommiae to be used as medicine always, then less to the utilization of other parts, and the bark of eucommia can peeling people medicine after generally need growing 15 years, because its growth cycle is long, and resource scarcity and demand increases day by day.In order to solve the crude drug supply problem of the bark of eucommia, except strengthening except nature conservation, also Chinese medicinal materials cultivation will be carried out.Therefore cultivation technique just seems particularly important.So the invention provides a kind of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer, described fertilizer can improve the Yield and qualities of Eucommia ulmoides.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application process, and bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer of the present invention can improve the output of the bark of eucommia and the content of main pharmacodynamics material Pinoresinol diglucoside.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer, calculates according to components by weight percent, is made up of decanning dusts 20-30 part of granulated fertilizer mixture 70-80 part, shrimp crab, dried poultrymanure 5-10 part, dry cow dung 20-25 part; Described granulated fertilizer mixture is mixed by urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate.
Specifically, described bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer calculates according to components by weight percent, is made up of the decanning dusts 25 parts of 75 parts, granulated fertilizer mixture, shrimp crab, dried poultrymanure 7 parts, dry cow dung 22 parts; Described granulated fertilizer mixture is mixed by urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate.
In described granulated fertilizer mixture, N:P:K=1:1.25:0.4.
Described urea leaded wastewater is 43%-48%, described monoammonium phosphate P content is 41%-46%, described potassium sulfate K concentration is 48-52%.
The preparation method of described bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer is: first get urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate be mixed in proportion; make the granulated fertilizer mixture that particle diameter is 2 ~ 3mm; added 80 object shrimp crab decanning dusts, dried poultrymanure and the mixing of dry cow dung again; put into nodulizer; meet with the polyvinyl formal liquid phase of the amount of making 2%; the particle that particle diameter is 2-4mm is made when constantly rolling, dry, after screening, cooling and get final product.
In order to improve the yield and quality of Eucommia ulmoides further, except selecting suitable bark of eucommia kind and cultivation technique and dedicated fertilizer, fertilizer practice is subject to people's attention day by day.Use same kind, cultivation technique and Management pattern, apply fertilizer and do not apply fertilizer, fertilizing method is different, and result has significant difference.And use how much fertilizer, how applying fertilizer, these problems are all problems that forefront of the production and administrator often run into, and it relates to the aspects such as weather, soil, kind, ecology, so answer the rational application of fertilizer, play maximum fertilizer efficiency, strive for maximum economic benefit.The application process of fertilizer of the present invention is:
A, whole: must carefully dig planting hole, the wide 80cm in cave, dark 60cm before bark of eucommia afforestation, often spread manuer in holes farm manure 8kg and fertilizer 0.5kg of the present invention wholely, and in hole, backfill is shown native;
B, afforestation: afforest after late March soil thaws, adopt 2m × 3m density afforestation, select high 0.8m, the root system of more than leading thread 0.8cm is complete, the strong sprout of side, fibrous root prosperity plants, to before sprouting after seedling planting, taper 20cm is cut off to all planting stocks, inspire rudiment, when coppice shoot grows to more than 50cm, cut off middle body coppice shoot, water once permeable after seedling planting in time, planting, 3 ~ August then, every middle of a month watered a water, water a water after executing fertilizer of the present invention every year later at every turn, should irrigation times be increased at arid season; Plant then 5, July respectively executes fertilizer of the present invention, each 100g of every strain, every strain fertilising in annual winter 7kg later; 3,5, respectively execute 1 fertilizer of the present invention, every strain each 50 ~ 100g mid-July, fertilising cave is away from trunk 20cm.
The granulated fertilizer mixture that bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer of the present invention is mixed by urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, the decanning dusts of shrimp crab, dried poultrymanure, dry cow dung are mixed.
Wherein, nitrogen is the important component part of vegetable cell protein, and protein is the basic substance of all life process.Therefore, there is no nitrogen, just there is no protein, just there is no life yet.Meanwhile, nitrogen is again the important component of plant chloroplast, and lack nitrogen, chlorophyll content will reduce, and photosynthesis will significantly reduce; Nitrogen nutrition is if satisfy the demand, and plant will look, and plant is tall and big, branch is sturdy, cauline leaf is in great numbers, and the dim light of night is dark green, blade is loose, full grains.Otherwise Nitrogen supplying is not enough, and plant will be short and small thin and weak, and when young, leaf is yellowish green for blade, hollow kernels, and quality also can become bad.So in the present invention, nitrogenous fertilizer is indispensable, and quantitative through great many of experiments.But as too much in preparation nitrogen, will cause excessive vegetative growth and easy infection disease and pest, the fructescence also can postpone.
Phosphorus element, it is the main component of composition nucleic, and nucleic is nuclear main component, the division of cell, first from nucleus, therefore, phosphorus has important effect to the division and propagation that promote crop cell, simultaneously, phosphorus is to the synthesis of protein, the conversions of sugar and starch etc. have direct effect, in addition, phosphorus is also the important component part of some enzymes in plant materials, these phosphorous enzymes are to the conversion of plant substance in vivo, transport, with stored with very large effect, so phosphorus element is sufficient, can promote that the activity of enzyme is vigorous, be conducive to plant and successfully proceed to reproductive growth from nourishing and growing, promote the formation of reproductive organ, and, reasonably meet the needs of plant to phosphorus element, effectively can promote well developed root system, strengthen plant absorption and the ability utilizing various nutrient in soil, accelerating growth is grown, improve cold-resistant, see a doctor, the performance of drought resisting, fruit maturation ahead of time.Phosphorus element is under-supply, the growth of plant just there will be leaf late, fallen leaves early, cold-resistant and drought resistance weakens, leaf look even also there will be red, purple and bronze color and luster, sometimes even also there will be brown spot.Scarce phosphorus can cause blooming late, ripe irregular, hollow kernels and fruit drop.Certainly, phosphate fertilizer is executed too much partially, also has disadvantageous effect to growing of plant, and as shortened the solid time, respiration is strengthened, and organism consumes excessive, precocity, precocious etc.
Potassium element, the photosynthesis of plant can be promoted, create more nutriment, especially vital role is formed to starch and sugar, simultaneously, potassium can also promote that plant is to nitrogen, the absorption of phosphorus, be conducive to the formation of protein, and potassium element can also strengthen the growth of root, plant haulm is made to become sturdy tough and tensile, improve cold-resistant, drought resisting, the ability of anti-fall and disease and insect resistance, if potassium deficiency, photosynthesis will reduce, stem stalk is weak, easily catch an illness, leaf is grown uneven, occur irregularly shaped, when severe potassium deficiency, turn black after leaf tip and edge jaundice, finally withered in burning coke-like.
Chitin has another name called chitin, it is a kind of natural polysaecharides macromolecular compound, be widespread in nature in the cell walls of the shell of the crustaceans such as shrimp crab, insect cuticle and many fungies, be that occurring in nature is only second to cellulosic second largest natural polymer, use more in pharmaceutics.It is increasingly extensive in application agriculturally in recent years, can as new plant growth regulator, soil improvement agent and Plant diseases resistance inductor.China inland river, lake is many, marine site is large, the crustacean aboundresources such as shrimp crab, improve a large amount of cheap chitin resource leaved for development of people, the shells such as shrimp crab are containing chitin about 20%, there is biodegradability, be the organic fertilizer of high-quality after being decomposed by the microorganisms in soil, can be absorbed by plants.The use of chitin, not only solve pollution and the waste problem of shrimp and crab shells, also achieve the object reducing fertilizer loss, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, and the chitin and chitosan that shrimp and crab shells degraded generates can also play the effects such as improvement soil, bacteria growing inhibiting, enhancing plant-growth vigor.
Dried poultrymanure, dry cow dung are all a kind of natural manures, and the wherein contained growth quality of element to plant has promoter action.
Fertilizer environmental protection of the present invention, effectively, the output of the bark of eucommia and the content of main pharmacodynamics material Pinoresinol diglucoside can be improved, the raw materials used wide material sources of the method, production technique is simple, fertilising process is convenient, low production cost, effect is remarkable, effectively can solve the problem that the crude drug supply of the bark of eucommia is difficult.
Applicant is to invention has been a large amount of experimental studies, as follows:
Experimental example 1.
Pinoresinol diglucoside is the effective component in the bark of eucommia with blood pressure reduction effect.Experimental study of the present invention with 2010 version " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " for certificate, with appearance character, ethanol-soluble extractives content, Pinoresinol diglucoside content (Pinoresinodiglucoside, PDG) be index, to employing fertilizer of the present invention and not using the Eucommia ulmoides of fertilizer to carry out quality research analysis.
1 experiment material
Select the bark of eucommia of the 6 strain 12-13 age of trees, be divided into two groups at random, control group and experimental group, often organize 3 strains.Control group uses conventional fertilizers according to the method for the invention; preparation method is: get urea that leaded wastewater is 43%-48%, monoammonium phosphate that P content is 41%-46%, K concentration be 48-52% potassium sulfate; mix according to the ratio of N:P:K=1:1.25:0.4; put into nodulizer; meet with the polyvinyl formal liquid phase of the amount of making 2%; the particle of 2-4mm is made when constantly rolling, dry, after screening, cooling and get final product.
Experimental group uses fertilizer of the present invention according to the inventive method.Experimental session does not strip bark, after 3 years, strips bark, studies as follows.
2 instruments and reagent
Agilent1100 high performance liquid chromatograph; Hitachi UV3010 ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer; PDG reference substance (lot number 111537-200501, Nat'l Pharmaceutical & Biological Products Control Institute).Methyl alcohol is chromatographically pure, and other reagent are analytical pure.
3 experiment contents and result
3.1 face shapings differentiate color, the smell of observing Eucommia ulmoides, survey its length and width degree, scrape off phellem layer after infiltration, use vernier caliper measurement thickness, calculate its cork proportion, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Eucommia ulmoides quality measurements (face shaping discriminating)
Carry according to " Chinese medicinal materials production and marketing " and to the class requirement that the bark of eucommia divides by shape be: top grade, whole long 70 ~ 80cm, wide more than 50cm, thick more than 7mm; First-class, whole long 40cm, wide more than 40cm, thick more than 5mm; Second-class, whole long more than 40cm, wide more than 40cm, thick more than 3mm; Third-class, the thinnest 2mm that is no less than; Bundle is referred to as secondary lower than third-class demander.
The result display of table 1: the Eucommia ulmoides of the fertilizer plantation using the inventive method to prepare, its blade length is at more than 40cm, wide at more than 40cm, and thickness, at more than 3mm, belongs to goods of inferior quality; The bark of eucommia whole the blade length of the fertilizer plantation not using method of the present invention to prepare is at 15 ~ 20cm, wide at 20 ~ 30cm, and thickness, at more than 3mm, belongs to bundle secondary.
3.2 ethanol-soluble extractiveses measure with reference to requirement under " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " version (one) bark of eucommia item in 2010, by " ethanol-soluble extractives assay method (hot dipping method) " under " Extract mensuration " (annex Ⅹ A) item, with 75% ethanol for solvent, measure the ethanol-soluble extractives content for reagent material.The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 ethanol-soluble extractives measurement result
As shown in Table 2: the bark of eucommia ethanol-soluble extractives of the fertilizer plantation using the inventive method to prepare obviously is greater than the Eucommia ulmoides of the fertilizer plantation not using the inventive method to prepare, statistical study shows, and the content mean value of two groups of medicinal materials has significant difference (p < 0.05).
3.3 Pinoresinol diglucoside assays: requirement under " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " version in 2010 bark of eucommia item, measure the content of the Pinoresinol diglucoside for reagent material by " high performance liquid chromatography " (annex VI).
3.3.1 the preparation of need testing solution is got for the examination bark of eucommia appropriate, is cut into the fragment that diameter is less than 2mm, is kneaded into cotton-shaped, gets 2g, accurately weighed, put in apparatus,Soxhlet's, add trichloromethane 100mL, reflux 6h, discard trichloromethane liquid, trichloromethane flung to by the dregs of a decoction, put again in apparatus,Soxhlet's, add methyl alcohol 100mL, reflux 6h, extracting solution reclaims methyl alcohol, is transferred in 10mL measuring bottle, adds methyl alcohol to scale, shake up, filter, get subsequent filtrate.
3.3.2 the preparation precision of reference substance solution takes Pinoresinol diglucoside reference substance 5.05mg, adds methanol constant volume to 10mL measuring bottle, shakes up.
3.3.3 chromatographiccondition chromatographic column: PhenomenexC
18(4.6mm × 250mm, 5 μm); Moving phase: methanol-water (28:72); Flow velocity: 1mL/min; Column temperature: 25 DEG C; Sample size: 5 μ L; Determined wavelength: 277nm.The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Pinoresinol diglucoside content (n=3)
States Pharmacopoeia specifications: Pinoresinol diglucoside contained by Eucommia ulmoides should be not less than 0.1%, two class medicinal material content are all greater than 0.1%, and in the Eucommia ulmoides of the fertilizer plantation wherein using the inventive method to prepare, the content of Pinoresinol diglucoside is greater than the Eucommia ulmoides of the fertilizer plantation not using the inventive method to prepare.Statistical study shows, and has significant difference (p < 0.05).
4, sum up: experimentally result of study display, fertilizer of the present invention can improve the quality of Eucommia ulmoides; For the cultivation of the bark of eucommia, cultivation provide a kind of effectively, the dedicated fertilizer of environmental protection.
Further illustrate the present invention by the following examples, but not as limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1.
Bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer is prepared like this: get urea that leaded wastewater is 43%-48%, monoammonium phosphate that P content is 41%-46%, K concentration be 48-52% potassium sulfate, mix according to the ratio of N:P:K=1:1.25:0.4, make the granulated fertilizer mixture that particle diameter is 2 ~ 3mm; Get granulated fertilizer mixture 75kg; cross 80 object shrimp crab decanning dusts 25kg, excessively 80 object dried poultrymanure 7kg, excessively 80 objects and do cow dung 22kg; put into nodulizer; meet with the polyvinyl formal liquid phase of the amount of making 2%; the particle that particle diameter is 2-4mm is made when constantly rolling; drying, screening, cooling after and get final product.
Bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer to the application process of the bark of eucommia is:
A, whole: must carefully dig planting hole, the wide 80cm in cave, dark 60cm before bark of eucommia afforestation, often spread manuer in holes farm manure 8kg and fertilizer 0.5kg of the present invention wholely, and in hole, backfill is shown native;
B, afforestation: afforest after late March soil thaws, adopt 2m × 3m density afforestation, select high 0.8m, the root system of more than leading thread 0.8cm is complete, the strong sprout of side, fibrous root prosperity plants, to before sprouting after seedling planting, taper 20cm is cut off to all planting stocks, inspire rudiment, when coppice shoot grows to more than 50cm, cut off middle body coppice shoot, water once permeable after seedling planting in time, planting, 3 ~ August then, every middle of a month watered a water, water a water after executing fertilizer of the present invention every year later at every turn, should irrigation times be increased at arid season; Plant then 5, July respectively executes fertilizer of the present invention, each 100g of every strain, every strain fertilising in annual winter 7kg later; 3,5, respectively execute 1 fertilizer of the present invention, every strain each 50 ~ 100g mid-July, fertilising cave is away from trunk 20cm.
Claims (3)
1. a bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer, is characterized in that: calculate according to components by weight percent, and by the decanning dusts 25 parts of 75 parts, granulated fertilizer mixture, shrimp crab, dried poultrymanure 7 parts, dry cow dung 22 parts, and the polyvinyl formal liquid of the amount of making 2% is made; Described granulated fertilizer mixture is mixed by urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate; In described granulated fertilizer mixture, N:P:K=1:1.25:0.4; Described urea leaded wastewater is 43%-48%, described monoammonium phosphate P content is 41%-46%, described potassium sulfate K concentration is 48-52%.
2. the preparation method of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that: first get urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate be mixed in proportion; make the granulated fertilizer mixture that particle diameter is 2 ~ 3mm; added 80 object shrimp crab decanning dusts, dried poultrymanure and the mixing of dry cow dung again; putting into nodulizer, meet with the polyvinyl formal liquid phase of the amount of making 2%, making when constantly rolling the particle that particle diameter is 2-4mm; drying, screening, cooling after and get final product.
3. the application process of bark of eucommia forest culture and management special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A, whole: must carefully dig planting hole, the wide 80cm in cave, dark 60cm before bark of eucommia afforestation, often spread manuer in holes farm manure 8kg and described forest culture and management special fertilizer 1kg wholely, and in hole, backfill is shown native;
B, afforestation: afforest after late March soil thaws, adopt 2m × 3m density afforestation, select high 0.8m, the root system of more than leading thread 0.8cm is complete, the strong sprout of side, fibrous root prosperity plants, to before sprouting after seedling planting, taper 20cm is cut off to all planting stocks, inspire rudiment, when coppice shoot grows to more than 50cm, cut off middle body coppice shoot, water once permeable after seedling planting in time, planting, 3 ~ August then, every middle of a month watered a water, water a water after executing described forest culture and management special fertilizer every year later at every turn, should irrigation times be increased at arid season; Plant then 5, July respectively executes described forest culture and management special fertilizer, each 100g of every strain, every strain fertilising in annual winter 7kg later, 3,5, respectively execute 1 described forest culture and management special fertilizer, every strain each 50 ~ 100g mid-July, fertilising cave is away from trunk 20cm.
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| CN105152695A (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2015-12-16 | 王振宇 | Biological fertilizer for increasing content of effective components of eucommia ulmoides and preparation method of biological fertilizer |
| CN114731885B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-10-24 | 江西普正制药股份有限公司 | Seedling raising method for eucommia ulmoides |
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| CN1546438A (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2004-11-17 | 华东理工大学 | Multifunctional chitin release-controlled fertilizer |
| CN102206121A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-10-05 | 刘京花 | Marine polysaccharide inorganic and organic composite controlled release fertilizer and process for producing the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1546438A (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2004-11-17 | 华东理工大学 | Multifunctional chitin release-controlled fertilizer |
| CN102206121A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-10-05 | 刘京花 | Marine polysaccharide inorganic and organic composite controlled release fertilizer and process for producing the same |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 杜仲专用肥的研制及其综合效益分析;何景峰等;《西北林学院学报》;20011225;第16卷(第4期);37-40 * |
| 黄土高原沟壑区山坡地杜仲造林技术试验研究初报;陈伟等;《中国水土保持》;20000310(第3期);34-35 * |
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