CN114287270A - Dendrobium nobile flower forcing device and flower forcing method - Google Patents
Dendrobium nobile flower forcing device and flower forcing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dendrobium nobile flower forcing device and a flower forcing method, wherein the flower forcing method comprises the following steps: and (3) ripening stage: the temperature is 24-26 ℃, the humidity is 65% -70%, and blue light is supplemented; and (3) flower bud induction: the temperature is 13-18 ℃, the illumination is carried out for 11-13 hours per day, and the humidity is 65% -70%; and (3) flower forcing stage: temperature is 22-25 ℃, humidity is 65-70%, and natural light is performed until flowering. The flower forcing process of the dendrobium nobile is divided into three stages, and the ripening stage uses proper environmental conditions and blue light supplement treatment; then regulating the temperature of flower forcing equipment to provide a low-temperature environment for inducing flower buds, combining special light quality treatment, and controlling the temperature day and night; in the flower forcing stage, proper high temperature is adopted in combination with natural light to enable the plant to be in a good growing environment, the flower bud induction rate and the flowering rate of the plant reach 100%, the number of flowering nodes of each pseudobulb section can reach 4.9-5.3, and the number of flowering flowers can reach 9.9-10.4.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation and flower forcing, in particular to dendrobium nobile flower forcing equipment and a flower forcing method.
Background
The dendrobium nobile lindl is a plant of dendrobium of Orchidaceae, has ornamental and medicinal values, is a famous and precious Chinese medicinal material and orchid in China, and is deeply loved by people in China. However, the florescence of the dendrobium nobile is 3-5 months, so that the dendrobium nobile can miss traditional Chinese festivals such as national celebration, New year, spring festival and sweet afternoon festival, and the flowering is not regular, so that the market value of the dendrobium nobile is seriously influenced in the situation that flowers exist in the market or the situation that flowers exist in the market. The dendrobium nobile flowers are also used as a dual-purpose health food or bonsai for appreciation and eating, and are expensive, but the flowering period is about 1 month later relative to many varieties of dendrobium nobile in the market, the flower forcing difficulty is higher, the flower bud induction and flower forcing technology is a bottleneck problem influencing the potted flower sale of the dendrobium nobile, the yield of the dendrobium nobile is seriously influenced due to the small flower quantity, the commodity value is reduced, and the industrial development of the dendrobium nobile is seriously hindered. At present, reports about the flower forcing technology of dendrobium nobile lindl are rare, and mainly relate to the flowering phase regulation and control patents of dendrobium nobile lindl, dendrobium officinale and dendrobium nobile. The invention patent CN106613114A discloses a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of dendrobium nobile, which adopts fertilizer management combined with the flower forcing of a plant growth regulator 6-BA to solve the problem that the flowering phase of dendrobium nobile is contradicted with market demands.
Patent CN105145628A discloses an inducer for promoting flower bud differentiation of Dendrobium nobile and an induction method thereof, which adopts an inducer consisting of gibberellin solution and europium chloride solution to improve the quantity and quality of flower bud induction and prolong the flowering phase. In addition, patent CN103918494A discloses a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the steps of starting artificial flower forcing at about 2 months ahead of the expected flowering phase, controlling the temperature and humidity in a greenhouse, controlling the temperature to be 15-18 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-60%, controlling the temperature to be 20-23 ℃ 20 days before flowering, and then pollinating the third day of flowering in the expected flowering phase, and meanwhile, supplementing potassium fertilizer, wherein the power of self-prepared flower and fruit roots is generally 1000 times, the power of the self-prepared fruit and fruit treasures is 1000 times, and the artificial flower forcing is alternately applied in a cycle of every 7-10 days. The illumination is kept at 14000LUX to 17000LUX for more than 8 hours every day, the humidity is 50 to 60 percent in the daytime and 60 to 70 percent in the nighttime in the flowering promoting period; the method enables the flowering period of the dendrobium officinale to span two seasons.
The patent CN103004395A discloses a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of dendrobium nobile, in the vegetative growth stage, fertilizing is carried out for 2-3 times per month from the beginning of 3 months to the end of 8 months, the N: P: K of the fertilizer is 2: 2, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃, the illumination intensity is kept at 60000lux, in the flower bud differentiation stage, 6-BA hormone and GA3 are applied, the temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃, the concentration of the 6-BA hormone is 400mg/L, the concentration of the GA3 is 100mg/L, the N: P: K of the fertilizer is 1: 3: 2, in the flowering stage, when the flower buds extend to 1cm, heating and flower forcing are carried out, the temperature is 20-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is 40000lux, fertilization is carried out once in ten days, and the N: P: K of the fertilizer is 2: 2. The invention ensures that the flower pot is not influenced by uncertain factors such as natural climate and the like on the premise of achieving better flower forcing effect, has stable flowering rate and solves the problem of regulating and controlling the flowering period in flower forcing.
However, the growth habits of dendrobium nobile lindl and dendrobium officinale or dendrobium nobile are different, the flower forcing method in the prior art is not suitable for dendrobium nobile lindl, and the prior art is also rarely researched about flower forcing equipment and flower forcing method of dendrobium nobile lindl.
Therefore, the dendrobium nobile flower forcing device and the dendrobium nobile flower forcing method are urgently needed to be provided, so that the flower bud inductivity and the flowering rate of the dendrobium nobile can be improved, and the commercial value of the dendrobium nobile can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides dendrobium nobile flower forcing equipment and a flower forcing method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a flower forcing device comprises a flower forcing shed, wherein a cultivation frame is arranged in the flower forcing shed, plants are placed in the cultivation frame, a light source is arranged on the cultivation frame above the plants, a control box is arranged above the cultivation frame, and the control box is electrically connected with the light source; still set up the humidifier that is used for control humidity, be used for the low temperature air conditioner of controlled temperature and be used for controlling in forcing the canopy the humidifier with low temperature air conditioner's control terminal.
Furthermore, a plurality of bearing plates arranged in an array mode along the vertical direction are arranged on the cultivation frame, plants are placed on the bearing plates, and the light source is arranged below the bearing plates and used for irradiating the plants on the bearing plates below the bearing plates; the light sources of different layers are connected in parallel.
Further, the light source is a mixed light source and can emit blue light, white light and red light.
The invention also provides a dendrobium nobile flower forcing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, ripening stage: ripening the mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at 24-26 ℃ and 65-70% humidity with illumination intensity of 40-60 mu mol.m-2·s-1The blue light is supplemented, and the illumination treatment time is 11-13 hours a day, so that the stem segments of the dendrobium nobile lindl are promoted to reach a completely mature state;
s2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on herba Dendrobii at 13-18 deg.C with illumination intensity of 80-120 μmol · m-2·s-1The light quality is one of red blue light and white light, the illumination time is 11-13 hours per day, and the humidity is 65% -70% until flower buds are induced;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is 65% -70% until the dendrobium nobile blooms.
Further, the light quality of the induction treatment is white light, and the illumination intensity is 100 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
Further, the induction treatment is carried out at a night temperature of 13 to 15 ℃ and a day temperature of 15 to 18 ℃.
Further, the light quality of the induction treatment can be red light and blue light, wherein the light intensity ratio of the red light to the blue light is 1: 1-2: 1.
further, the ratio of the intensity of red light to that of blue light is 1: 1-2: 1, the light intensity is 100 mu mol.m-2·s-1The temperature at night is 13-15 ℃, and the temperature in the day is 15-18 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the flower forcing process of the dendrobium nobile is divided into three stages, and proper environmental conditions and blue light quality treatment are used in the stem ripening stage to promote the stem to be fully ripe; then adjusting the temperature of flower forcing equipment to provide a low-temperature environment for inducing flower buds, combining special light quality treatment, and controlling the night temperature and the day temperature; in the flower forcing stage, proper high temperature and natural light are combined to enable the plant to be in a good growing environment, the flower bud inductivity of the plant is up to 100%, the number of flowering nodes of each pseudobulb section is 4.9-5.3, and the number of flowering flowers of a single plant is 9.9-10.4.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of dendrobium nobile flower forcing equipment in the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-flower forcing shed; 2-cultivating a shelf; 3-a plant; 4-a light source; 5-a control box; 6-a bearing plate; 7-a humidifier; 8, controlling the terminal; 9-low temperature air conditioning.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides flower forcing equipment, which comprises a flower forcing shed 1, wherein a cultivation frame 2 is arranged in the flower forcing shed 1, plants 3 are placed in the cultivation frame 2, a light source 4 is arranged on the cultivation frame 2 above the plants 3, a control box 5 is arranged above the cultivation frame 2, and the control box 5 is electrically connected with the light source 4; urge still to set up in the canopy 1 and be used for the humidifier 7 of control humidity, be used for the low temperature air conditioner 9 of controlled temperature and be used for control humidifier 7 with low temperature air conditioner 9's control terminal 8.
The cultivation frame 2 is provided with a plurality of bearing plates 6 arranged in an array along the vertical direction, plants 3 are placed on the bearing plates 6, and the light source 4 is arranged below the bearing plates 6 and used for irradiating the plants 3 on the bearing plates 6 on the next layer; the light sources 4 of different layers are connected in parallel, and the light sources 4 on each layer of the bearing plate 6 can be independently controlled. The light source 4 is a mixed light source and can emit blue light, white light and red light.
The invention also provides a dendrobium nobile flower forcing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, ripening stage: ripening the mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at 24-26 ℃ and 65-70% humidity with illumination intensity of 40-60 mu mol.m-2·s-1The blue light supplement treatment is carried out, the illumination treatment time is 11-13 hours a day, so that the stem segments of the dendrobium nobile lindl are promoted to be completely matureA state;
s2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on herba Dendrobii at 13-18 deg.C with illumination intensity of 80-120 μmol · m-2·s-1The light quality is one of red blue light and white light, the illumination time is 11-13 hours per day, and the humidity is 65% -70% until flower buds are induced;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is 65% -70% until the dendrobium nobile blooms.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
the plants in the examples and comparative examples were seedlings of 2-year-old seeds, the number of the plants in each group was 15, and the plants in each group were repeatedly conducted 3 times, wherein the judgment criterion for success of flower bud induction was that the flower bud induction length was at least 0.2cm and the plants were not inverted into leaf buds. The start time of the experiment was 10 mid-month.
Example 1
The flower forcing device provided by the invention is adopted, and the specific flower forcing method comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing stage: ripening mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at 24 ℃ and 65-70% humidity by adopting blue light with the light intensity of 60 mu mol.m-2·s-1；
S2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the induction treatment is 13 ℃ at night, the temperature of the induction treatment is 16 ℃ in the day, and the illumination intensity is 120 mu mol.m-2·s-1The light quality of the light treatment is white light, the light time is 11 hours per day, the humidity is 65-70%, and the induction time is 40 days;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 22 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the flower forcing treatment lasts for 45 days.
Example 2
The flower forcing device provided by the invention is adopted, and the specific flower forcing method comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing stage: ripening the mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at the temperature of ripeningAt 26 deg.C and humidity of 65% -70%, and using blue light to supplement light with intensity of 40 μmol · m-2·s-1；
S2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the induction treatment is 13 ℃ at night, the temperature of the induction treatment is 18 ℃ in the day, and the illumination intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1The light quality of the illumination treatment is white light, the illumination time is 13 hours per day, the humidity is 65-70%, and the induction time is 40 days;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 25 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the flower forcing treatment lasts for 45 days.
Example 3
The flower forcing device provided by the invention is adopted, and the specific flower forcing method comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing stage: ripening mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at 25 ℃ and 65-70% humidity by adopting blue light with the light intensity of 50 mu mol.m-2·s-1；
S2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the induction treatment temperature is 15 ℃ all day, and the illumination intensity is 100 mu mol.m-2·s-1The light quality of the illumination treatment is white light, the illumination time is 12 hours per day, the humidity is 65-70%, and the induction time is 40 days;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 23 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the flower forcing treatment lasts for 45 days.
Example 4
This example differs from example 3 in that: the temperature of the induction treatment is 15 ℃ all day long, the light quality of the illumination treatment is red blue light, and the light intensity ratio of the red blue light is 1: 1, the light intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1The illumination time is 13 hours per day, the humidity is 65% -70%, and the induction time is 40 days.
Example 5
This example differs from example 3 in that: the temperature of the induction treatment is 13 ℃ at night, the temperature of the induction treatment is 16 ℃ in the day, and the light quality of the illumination treatment is red and blue lightThe light intensity ratio of red light to blue light is 3: 2, the light intensity is 120 mu mol.m-2·s-1The illumination time is 11 hours per day, the humidity is 65% -70%, and the induction time is 40 days.
Example 6
This example differs from example 3 in that: the temperature of the induction treatment is 13 ℃ at night and 18 ℃ in the day, the light quality of the illumination treatment is red and blue light, and the light intensity ratio of the red light to the blue light is 2: 1, the light intensity is 100 mu mol.m-2·s-1The illumination time is 12 hours per day, the humidity is 65% -70%, and the induction time is 40 days.
Comparative example 1
The flower forcing device provided by the invention is adopted, and the specific flower forcing method comprises the following steps:
s1, ripening stage: ripening mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at 20 ℃ and 65-70% humidity by adopting blue light with the light intensity of 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1；
S2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the induction treatment temperature is 10 ℃ all day, and the illumination intensity is 150 mu mol.m-2·s-1The light quality of the illumination treatment is white light, the illumination time is 12 hours per day, the humidity is 65-70%, and the induction time is 40 days;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 20 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the flower forcing treatment lasts for 45 days.
Comparative example 2
The flower forcing device provided by the invention is adopted, and the specific flower forcing method comprises the following steps:
s1, ripening stage: ripening mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at 28 ℃ and 65-70% humidity by adopting blue light with the light intensity of 30 mu mol.m-2·s-1；
S2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the induction treatment is 10 ℃ at night, the temperature of the induction treatment is 20 ℃ in the day, and the illumination intensity is 60 mu mol.m-2·s-1The light quality of the light treatment is whiteLight is irradiated for 14 hours every day, the humidity is 65% -70%, and the induction time is 40 days;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 28 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the flower forcing treatment lasts for 45 days.
Comparative example 3
The flower forcing device provided by the invention is adopted, and the specific flower forcing method comprises the following steps:
s1, ripening stage: ripening mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at 28 ℃ and 65-70% humidity by adopting blue light with the light intensity of 30 mu mol.m-2·s-1；；
S2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the induction treatment is 10 ℃ at night, the temperature of the induction treatment is 20 ℃ in the day, and the illumination intensity is 60 mu mol.m-2·s-1The light quality of the illumination treatment is red and blue light, and the light intensity ratio of the red light to the blue light is 1: 2, the illumination time is 13 hours per day, the humidity is 65% -70%, and the induction time is 40 days;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 20 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the flower forcing treatment lasts for 45 days.
Comparative example 4
The flower forcing device provided by the invention is adopted, and the specific flower forcing method comprises the following steps:
s1, ripening stage: ripening mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at 20 ℃ and 65-70% humidity by adopting blue light with the light intensity of 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1；；
S2, flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the induction treatment temperature is 10 ℃ all day, and the illumination intensity is 150 mu mol.m-2·s-1The light quality of the illumination treatment is red and blue light, and the light intensity ratio of the red light to the blue light is 3: 1, the illumination time is 13 hours per day, the humidity is 65-70%, and the induction time is 40 days;
s3, flower forcing stage: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile lindl, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 28 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the flower forcing treatment lasts for 45 days.
The final flower bud induction rate, flowering rate, and the number of flowering nodes and flowering flowers per plant are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 flower bud induced flowering after forcing
Wherein the flower bud induction rate is 100% of the number of flower bud induction strains per total number of treated strains, and the flowering rate is 100% of the number of flowering induction strains per total number of treated strains.
And (4) analyzing results: through the flower forcing method provided by the invention, the flower bud induction rate, the flowering node number and the flowering flower number of the plants in the embodiment are obviously superior to those of the control example. In the embodiment, the flower bud induction rate and the flowering rate reach 100 percent, the number of flowering sections is more than 2.6, and the number of flowering flowers in each section reaches more than 5.4, so that the market delivery requirement can be met; therefore, blue light ripening is further subjected to low-temperature and white light supplementary light pretreatment, or red blue light flower bud induction is adopted according to a proper proportion, so that the flowering level and the commodity value of the dendrobium nobile lindl can be greatly improved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A flower forcing device, characterized in that: the flower forcing greenhouse comprises a flower forcing greenhouse, wherein a cultivation frame is arranged in the flower forcing greenhouse, plants are placed in the cultivation frame, a light source is arranged on the cultivation frame above the plants, a control box is arranged above the cultivation frame, and the control box is electrically connected with the light source; still set up the humidifier that is used for control humidity, be used for the low temperature air conditioner of controlled temperature and be used for controlling in forcing the canopy the humidifier with low temperature air conditioner's control terminal.
2. Flower forcing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cultivation frame is provided with a plurality of bearing plates which are arranged in an array mode along the vertical direction, plants are placed on the bearing plates, and the light source is arranged below the bearing plates and used for irradiating the plants on the bearing plates below the bearing plates; the light sources at different layers are connected in parallel; the light source is a mixed light source and can emit blue light, white light and red light.
3. A flower forcing method for dendrobium nobile lindl, which utilizes the flower forcing device of claim 1 or 2 to force flower, is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) flower bud induction: performing induction treatment on herba Dendrobii at 13-18 deg.C with illumination intensity of 80-120 μmol · m-2·s-1The illumination time is 11-13 hours per day, the light quality is one of red blue light and white light, and the humidity is 65% -70% until flower buds are induced.
4. The dendrobium nobile flower forcing method according to claim 3, characterized in that stem ripening is further included before flower bud induction, and the specific method is as follows: ripening the mature seedlings of the capped dendrobium nobile at the temperature of 24-26 ℃, the humidity of 65-70 percent and the illumination intensity of 40-60 mu mol.m-2·s-1The blue light is used for supplementing light, the illumination time is 11-13 hours a day, and stem sections of the dendrobium nobile lindl are promoted to reach a complete mature state;
the flower forcing is also included after the flower bud induction, and the specific method comprises the following steps: carrying out flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium nobile, wherein the temperature of the flower forcing treatment is 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is 65% -70% until the dendrobium nobile blooms.
5. The dendrobium nobile flower forcing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: light quality of the induction treatmentThe white light is obtained with an illumination intensity of 100 μmol · m-2·s-1。
6. The dendrobium nobile flower forcing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the temperature at night is 13-15 ℃, and the temperature in the day is 15-18 ℃.
7. The dendrobium nobile flower forcing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the light quality of the induction treatment is red light and blue light, wherein the light intensity ratio of the red light to the blue light is 1: 1-2: 1.
8. the dendrobium nobile flower forcing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the light intensity ratio of the red light to the blue light is 2: 1, the light intensity is 100 mu mol.m-2·s-1The temperature at night is 13-15 ℃, and the temperature in the day is 15-18 ℃.
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