CN114271059A - Drought resisting and waterlogging draining method and device for dry sloping field based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation - Google Patents
Drought resisting and waterlogging draining method and device for dry sloping field based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drought and flood resisting and draining method and device for dry sloping fields based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation, belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, solves the problem that early drought and late flood caused by shallow soil layer, small soil moisture capacity, poor water retention and drought resisting capability and uneven distribution of rainwater seasons in the prior art restricts agricultural production of lime purple soil dry sloping fields, the method comprises the steps of carrying out soil matrix rock integrated cultivation on thin-layer shale purple soil, wherein a part of uncultivated soil layer is left between two adjacent upper soil crushing devices, the soil hard barrier ridge is formed on the lower layer of the soil, the mud shale is crushed by the lower layer parent rock crushing device, and the crushed parent rock fragments form a parent rock fragment blind groove on the lower portion of the soil layer, so that the soil parent rock integrated cultivation is realized, the drought resistance is improved, the waterlogging discharge capacity is enhanced, the runoff and interflow omnibearing water collection is realized, and the rainwater utilization rate is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a drought resisting and waterlogging draining method and device for a dry slope land based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation.
Background
The purple soil area of Sichuan has large population density, high reclamation index, strong cultivation and serious soil erosion, so that the soil layer of the slope is shallow, particularly the uphill part usually has the soil layer thickness (generally 15-20cm) which is equivalent to the cultivation depth, the water retention capacity of the soil is poor, and the potential performance of agricultural production increase is not matched. In purple soil dry sloping fields with substantially no irrigation conditions, soil water shortage has become a major limiting factor in agricultural production. More than 300 and ten thousand mu of dry land are distributed on a higher platform in the purple soil area of Sichuan, and the purple soil area has the advantages of better photo-thermal conditions, rich nutrients and moderate texture. However, these advantages are masked by the disadvantages of high platform height (water is easy to run off) and thin soil layer (water retention space is narrow), and the exertion of many advantages is limited, and purple soil generally has the problem of poor drought resistance and is a limiting factor of regional agricultural production.
The purple mudstone is cemented by mud and calcium, has soft tissue and low compressive strength (100-2) The soil is easy to be broken under the action of mechanical force and then weathered into soil. The method lays a foundation for increasing the thickness of the soil layer by crushing the parent rock in agricultural production and has stronger operability. In traditional agricultural practice, the severe soil conditions caused by soil erosion force farmers to break mother rocks (mudstone or shale) to supplement soil loss with mother rock debris, but only when the soil thickness is less than the tillage depth, the tillage depth of the traditional tillage machine is generally only 12-18cm, the deepest is 25cm, only a shallow soil layer can be maintained, the capacity of increasing the soil layer thickness is limited, and large-scale and high-strength (large-depth) mother rock breaking is difficult to implement.
Cultivation is a constant basic mode of agricultural production for farmers in purple soil areas, and is not as good as providing farmers with adaptive and efficient water-retaining and water-increasing cultivation techniques since no-tillage is difficult to implement. With the improvement of socioeconomic conditions, the degree of development of mechanization has made us have conditions just when such farming takes place. The appearance of the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage machine provides a new feasible method for solving the problems of shallow tillage layer, improving the water utilization efficiency and improving the soil environment. The technical advantage of vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage is combined with the unique soft property of purple soil mother rock (shale), and objective possibility is provided for physically improving the moisture condition of purple soil and improving the water retention and storage performance of a dry slope.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that in the prior art, the calcareous purple soil is shallow in soil layer, the soil moisture capacity is small, the water retention and drought resistance are poor, and early-stage drought and later-stage waterlogging caused by uneven distribution of rainwater seasons restricts the agricultural production of the dry sloping land, the invention provides a drought and waterlogging drainage device and method for the dry sloping land based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation, and the device and method are aimed at: realizes the physical improvement of the dry slope land and improves the water retention and storage capacity and the drainage capacity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a drought and flood resisting and draining method for a dry slope land based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation comprises the following steps:
step A: carrying out soil matrix rock integrated cultivation on the thin-layer shale purple soil: carrying out 360-degree rotary cutting and crushing on the soil layer to form a hard soil barrier on the lower soil layer; simultaneously crushing shale below the soil layer, wherein the crushed parent rock fragments form a parent rock fragment blind groove at the lower part of the soil layer;
and B: adopting a slope local implementation method, carrying out transverse slope cultivation at the middle and upper slope positions, carrying out down slope cultivation at two ends of a slope land, and after cross cultivation of the transverse slope and the down slope, forming transverse and longitudinal crossed mother rock fragment hidden grooves under a soil layer of the slope land to construct an underground hidden groove drainage system;
and C: ridging along a slope before planting, excavating deepened drainage ditches with the depth of 25-35cm on the slope land and the ground surface around the slope land, wherein the distance between every two adjacent deepened drainage ditches is 4-10 ridges to form an open-trench drainage system; a stereoscopic water net combining a surface open trench drainage system and an underground hidden groove drainage system is adopted to accelerate rainwater drainage;
step D: and D, building a rainwater collecting tank at the lower edge of the sloping field, connecting the surface ditch drainage system and the underground blind groove drainage system in the step C with the rainwater collecting tank through pipelines, and collecting surface runoff and interflow generated by the sloping field.
And further, the width of the hard soil barrier ridge in the step A is 5-20 cm.
Further, the local implementation method of the slope surface in the step B conforms to the downslope distribution rule of shallow upslope and deep downslope of the thickness of the soil layer of the purple soil dry slope, soil matrix integrated cultivation is carried out at the middle and upslope positions, the general slope length of the dry slope land is shorter, the cultivation direction is set to be mainly transverse slope cultivation (the cultivation direction is parallel to the contour line), the downslope cultivation (the cultivation direction is perpendicular to the contour line) is assisted, the transverse slope cultivation is generally adopted at the upper slope position in the soil layer depth of less than 60cm, the downslope cultivation is adopted at two ends of the slope land, inclined cultivation can be adopted for the slope land with shorter slope length and inconvenient downslope cultivation, transverse and longitudinal crossed matrix debris blind grooves can be formed below the soil layer of the slope land after the transverse slope and the downslope cross cultivation, and the transverse and longitudinal crossed matrix debris blind grooves form a blind groove drainage system.
And furthermore, according to the local implementation method of the slope surface in the step B, the parent rock fragment hidden grooves perpendicular to the contour lines are established at the two ends of the slope surface through the downslope cultivation, the downslope parent rock fragment hidden grooves are additionally arranged in the middle of the slope surface for the dry slope surface with larger width, the interflow can be accelerated to converge towards the downward slope direction in the rainy season, and the function of drainage is achieved.
Through the soil mother rock integration farming, realize the physical dilatation of drought sloping field soil moisture, expand and hold water space and water storage capacity, its realization mechanism and way include 3 aspects: firstly, soil-matrix integrated cultivation forms a hard soil barrier on the lower layer of soil through an upper soil crushing device and forms a matrix fragment blind groove after a lower-layer matrix crushing device crushes mud shale, a durable water retaining and blocking barrier is formed under the soil layer, and a unique drought resisting effect of deep soil and matrix water retention is generated; secondly, soil matrix rock is integrally cultivated to form dark water retaining grooves with loose substance layers distributed alternately in depth, so that the consistency of the distribution depth of soil moisture is avoided, the local water depth is increased, the evaporation area is reduced, the water retention time is prolonged, and the delayed effective water supply is realized; thirdly, soil and mother rock are integrally cultivated to thicken a soil (matrix) layer, a water storage matrix is added to enlarge the water capacity of the slope, rainwater is intercepted on site, and the water receiving and accommodating space and the storage capacity are improved.
The invention also discloses a drought and flood resisting and draining device for the method based on soil mother rock integrated tillage, which comprises an upper layer soil crushing device and a lower layer mother rock crushing device fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper layer soil crushing device.
The lower-layer parent rock crushing device comprises a crushing shaft and a parent rock crushing cutter head arranged at the bottom and the side of the crushing shaft.
The length of the lower-layer parent rock crushing device is 10-20 cm.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. soil and mother rock are integrally cultivated, so that the drought resistance is improved; the improved small-sized vertical ultra-deep rotary cultivator is used for soil-mother rock integrated cultivation on a thin-layer sloping field, the upper layer is spirally cut to break soil, the lower layer is broken to simultaneously implement, and on the premise of keeping higher fertility of surface layer (plough layer) soil, the broken mother rock generates a hard barrier ridge covering the mother rock under the soil layer to form a lasting water retaining and blocking barrier, so that the water receiving and stagnation receiving effects are improved; dark water retaining grooves with loose substance layers distributed alternately in depth are formed by cross slope cultivation, the uniformity of the distribution depth of soil moisture is avoided, the local water depth is increased, the evaporation area is reduced, the water retention time is prolonged, and delayed effective water supply is realized; by thickening the soil (substrate) layer, the water storage substrate is increased to enlarge the water capacity of the slope surface, the rainwater is blocked on the spot, the water receiving and storing capacity of the dry sloping field is improved, the water storage capacity is increased by more than 1-2 times, and the effective water supply is prolonged by more than 2-3 weeks when the soil is dry.
2. The stereo water net of the open ditches and the blind ditches enhances the drainage capacity of the waterlogging; according to the method, on the basis of ridging along a slope, deepened drainage ditches are arranged around and in the slope land, and an earth surface ditch drainage system is constructed to reduce the water level surface of the slope land in a rainstorm period and accelerate the rapid drainage of surface runoff; adopting cross slope and down slope soil-matrix integrated cultivation to form a cross-longitudinal matrix debris blind groove under a slope soil layer, constructing an underground blind groove drainage system, increasing the soil infiltration rate and accelerating the rapid discharge of interflow; the stereoscopic water net combining the surface ditch drainage system and the underground troffer drainage system can timely drain excessive rainwater in the sloping field, and avoid waterlogging.
3. Runoff and interflow flow all-around water collection, and rainwater is optimally utilized; the invention utilizes the rainwater collecting pool built at the lower edge of the sloping field to collect surface runoff and interflow, and the surface runoff and the interflow are utilized in water-deficient seasons, the water-reducing utilization rate of the dry sloping field can be improved by 40-50%, and the invention has important effect on improving the land productivity.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the main view structure of the device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the depression structure of the parent rock breaking apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the cross slope cultivation of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view in cross section of the soil of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the soil volume weight of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of soil moisture content for the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-an upper soil crushing device; 2-crushing shaft; 3-crushing a cutter head; 8-black rock debris chase; 9-a soil layer; 10-hard barrier ridge.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a drought and flood resisting and draining method for a dry slope land based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation comprises the following steps:
step A: carrying out soil matrix integrated cultivation on thin-layer mud shale purple soil by a small vertical ultra-deep rotary cultivator, carrying out 360-degree rotary cutting and crushing on a soil layer by utilizing upper soil crushing devices, wherein a part of uncultivated soil layer is left between two adjacent upper soil crushing devices, forming a hard soil blocking ridge on the lower soil layer, crushing mud shale by using lower matrix crushing devices, and forming matrix fragment dark grooves on the lower part of the soil layer by using crushed matrix fragments;
and B: adopting a local implementation method of the slope, carrying out soil mother rock integrated cultivation at the middle and upper slope positions, adopting cross slope cultivation at the middle and upper slope positions with the soil layer depth less than 60cm, adopting down slope cultivation at both ends of the slope land, adopting oblique cultivation for the slope land inconvenient for down slope cultivation, and forming a cross and longitudinal mother rock fragment blind groove under the coating of the slope land after cross slope and down slope cross cultivation;
and C: the stereo water net combining the surface ditch drainage system and the underground hidden groove drainage system is adopted to accelerate the drainage of rainwater: ridging along the slope before planting, digging 25-35cm deep drainage ditches in the slope land, the periphery and the interior of the slope land, and digging one drainage ditch at intervals of 4-10 ridges in the slope land, wherein the underground hidden-groove drainage system is the mother rock fragment hidden groove formed in the step B;
step D: and D, building a rainwater collecting pool at the lower edge of the sloping field, connecting the surface ditch drainage system and the underground parent rock debris blind groove in the step C with the rainwater collecting pool outside the sloping field through pipelines, and collecting surface runoff and interflow generated by the sloping field.
The length of the lower layer mother rock crushing device in the step A is 10-20cm
The width of the hard soil barrier ridge is 5-20 cm.
The drought and flood fighting and drainage device used for the method and based on soil matrix integrated tillage in the embodiment comprises an upper layer soil crushing device 1, wherein the bottom of the upper layer soil crushing device 1 is fixedly connected with a lower layer matrix crushing device, the length of the lower layer matrix crushing device is 15cm, and the stem width of a hard soil barrier ridge is 10 cm.
The lower-layer parent rock crushing device comprises a crushing shaft 2, and a parent rock crushing cutter head 3 is fixedly arranged at the bottom and the side of the crushing shaft 2.
In this embodiment, the apparatus that soil matrix rock integration farming used is the upper soil breaking device mentioned above, make the top soil that has high fertility form carry the alternate water retaining groove of pressing that the stratum basale depth distributes, the distribution depth of avoiding soil moisture has always, increase local depth of water, reduce evaporation area, the extension time of moisturizing, realize the effective water supply of time delay, through this structure, can bodiness top soil, increase the retaining matrix, enlarge domatic who capacity, intercept the rainwater on the spot, improve the ability of going out water on drought sloping ground. The structure of the crushing cutter head 3, as shown in fig. 2, can prevent the soil with poor fertility at the bottom layer from turning upwards to affect the fertility of the dry slope land. After the shale mother rock is crushed, the mother rock fragment blind grooves 8 can form a knotted water retaining barrier in a soil layer, and the drought resisting effect is achieved.
In the embodiment, a cross slope cultivation mode and a down slope cultivation mode are adopted, as described in the step A1-the step A2, through the mode, an underground hidden groove drainage system of the criss-cross mother rock debris hidden grooves 8 can be formed, and the interflow can be accelerated to converge in the down slope direction in rainy season, so that the function of draining stagnant water is achieved. And B, ridging along the slope after the crops are planted, digging a deepened drainage ditch around the slope and inside the slope, wherein the depth of the deepened drainage ditch is 25-35cm in the embodiment, digging one deepened drainage ditch every 4-10 ridges, and specifically adjusting according to the slope, wherein the number of the ridges at intervals is smaller as the slope is smaller, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 5. Wherein the mother rock debris hidden groove 8 is connected with a rainwater collecting tank and used for recovering rainwater discharged by the rainwater collecting tank. The rainwater catch basin of building at the subaerial edge of drought slope utilizes the pipeline to be connected above-mentioned surface ditch escape canal and mother rock piece camera bellows 8 with the outside rainwater catch basin in hillside fields through this subaerial deepened type escape canal and the underground mother rock piece camera bellows 8, collects surface runoff and the interflow that the hillside fields produced, optimizes the rainwater and utilizes, can effectively alleviate the uneven restriction to agricultural production of precipitation season distribution. Through the scheme, surface runoff and interflow can be collected, the utilization rate of land runoff in dry slopes can be increased by 40-50% when the land runoff is utilized in water-deficient seasons, the land runoff is reduced, the soil loss of the sloping lands is obviously reduced due to the increase of soil infiltration, the land runoff is easy to operate and environment-friendly, the land runoff is in line with the field management habits of farmers, the acceptance degree is high, the problems of thin soil layer, poor drought tolerance and low rainwater utilization rate of purple breakthrough cultivated land can be solved, and in the embodiment, the method for integrally crushing the soil layer and the mother rock in the step A is vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage.
The volume weight of the soil is an important physical index of the soil reflecting the compaction degree of the soil, and the change of the volume weight of the soil can affect the porosity of the soil and the growth and development of root systems and the accumulation of crop biomass. The proper soil volume weight can loosen and make the soil porous, improve the soil air permeability and the water holding capacity of the soil reservoir, and is beneficial to soil moisture preservation.
The influence of vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage on the volume weight of soil is tested:
as can be seen from FIG. 5, for sloping fields, the volume weight of the soil in the conventional cultivation increases along with the increase of the depth of the soil layer, and the volume weight of the soil in the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage fluctuates greatly. The sampling result of 21 days after 6 months shows that the volume weight of the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage in a 0-15cm soil layer is smaller than that of the conventional tillage, and the volume weight of the soil layer has no obvious difference (1.35g/cm3) with the passage of time. Carrying out vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage on soil with the volume weight of 15-30cm less than that of 0-15 cm; in a soil layer of 15-45cm, the volume weight of the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage soil is always smaller than that of the conventional tillage soil. For different tillage depths, in a soil layer of 30-60cm, the volume weight of soil with the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage and rotary tillage depth of 50cm is smaller than the volume weight of soil with the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage and rotary tillage depth of 30cm, and the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage is utilized to improve the soil plough bottom layer structure and reduce the volume weight of the soil.
The influence of vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage on soil moisture is tested:
FIG. 6 shows the change of the water content of the soil, the water content of the soil subjected to vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage treatment fluctuates greatly in the early stage and tends to be stable in the later stage along with the change of the depth of the soil layer, and the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage can better allocate rainfall infiltration. The total performance is that the water content of the soil of the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage is larger than that of the conventional tillage treatment. Along with the increase of the depth and the water content of the soil, and the water content of the vertical ultra-deep rotary tillage is higher than that of the conventional tillage, the breaking of the plough bottom is favorable for water retention.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A drought and flood resisting and draining method for a dry slope land based on soil mother rock integrated cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: carrying out soil matrix rock integrated cultivation on the thin-layer shale purple soil: carrying out rotary cutting and crushing on the soil layer to form a hard soil barrier ridge on the lower soil layer; simultaneously crushing shale below the soil layer, wherein the crushed parent rock fragments form a parent rock fragment blind groove at the lower part of the soil layer;
and B: adopting a local implementation method of the slope surface to carry out soil matrix rock integrated cultivation at the middle and upper slope positions: adopting transverse slope cultivation at the slope position of the middle upper part with the soil layer depth less than 60cm, adopting downslope cultivation at two ends of the slope land, adopting oblique cultivation for the slope land which is inconvenient to cultivate downslope, and forming a transverse and longitudinal crossed mother rock fragment blind groove under the soil layer of the slope land after cross cultivation of the transverse slope and the downslope;
and C: the stereo water net combining the surface ditch drainage system and the underground hidden groove drainage system is adopted to accelerate the drainage of rainwater: ridging along a slope before planting, excavating deepened drainage ditches with the depth of 25-35cm on the slope land and the ground surface around the slope land, wherein the distance between every two adjacent deepened drainage ditches is 4-10 ridges to form an open-trench drainage system; b, forming an underground hidden groove drainage system by the transversely and longitudinally crossed mother rock fragment hidden grooves formed in the step B;
step D: and D, building a rainwater collecting tank at the lower edge of the sloping field, connecting the surface ditch drainage system and the underground blind groove drainage system in the step C with the rainwater collecting tank through pipelines, and collecting surface runoff and interflow generated by the sloping field.
2. The drought and flood resisting and draining method for the dry slope land based on soil mother rock integrated tillage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peduncle width of the soil hard barrier ridge in step 1 is 5-20 cm.
3. The device for realizing the drought and flood fighting method based on soil mother rock integrated tillage in the dry slope land is characterized by comprising an upper layer soil crushing device (1) and a lower layer mother rock crushing device fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper layer soil crushing device (1).
4. The drought and flood fighting device for the upland fields based on the soil-matrix-rock integrated cultivation is characterized in that the lower-layer matrix breaking device comprises a breaking shaft (2) and matrix breaking cutter heads (3) arranged at the bottom and the side of the breaking shaft (2).
5. The drought and flood resisting and draining device for the dry slope land based on soil mother rock integrated tillage as claimed in claim 3, wherein the length of the lower layer mother rock crushing device is 10-20 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115136754A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-10-04 | 李富程 | Super-deep rock drilling and soil breaking tillage machine |
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Effective date of registration: 20220511 Address after: 628000 No. 186, Lianhua Road, Dongba sub district office, Lizhou District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province Applicant after: GUANGYUAN COMPANY, SICHUAN TOBACCO CO.,LTD. Applicant after: Southwest University of Science and Technology Address before: 621002, No. 59, Qinglong Avenue, Fucheng District, Sichuan, Mianyang Applicant before: Li Fucheng |
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