CN114258814B - Method for dwarfing, close planting, cultivation and stable yield of apples in arid and cold regions - Google Patents
Method for dwarfing, close planting, cultivation and stable yield of apples in arid and cold regions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for stabilizing yield of apple in arid and cold regions by dwarfing and close planting relates to an apple cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: A. and (3) nursery stock: selecting single-dried seedlings grafted with apples on a root stock without fusion dwarfing; B. planting in the middle ten days of 4 months, and performing wide row close planting; and C-F, respectively adopting different pruning and water and fertilizer management measures in 1-4 years of field planting. In the drought and cold area, the invention adopts the steps of promoting the seedling formation in the seedling stage, does not pursue the aim of rapid fruiting and early high yield, inhibits the growth of apple seedlings in the first year, avoids the phenomena of harm of pumping or death of the apple seedlings in winter and spring, and has the advantages of bearing fruit years after pushing, delaying fruit bearing, and maintaining the integrity of an orchard to the highest extent, so that the whole in the later stage is consistent to enter high yield and stable yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an apple cultivation method.
Background
The main climate characteristics of the arid and cold region (cold and drought zone) are hot in summer, cold in winter and dry in air, the annual precipitation is less than 100mm, the evaporation capacity is more than 3000mm, and meanwhile, the temperature is quickly increased in spring and the temperature is quickly reduced in autumn.
Apple trees belong to the Rosaceae family, deciduous trees, elliptic leaves and saw teeth. The fruit is spherical, sweet in taste, crisp in taste and rich in nutrition, and is a crown of four fruits in the world.
Apples are planted in arid cold areas according to the traditional dwarf close planting garden building method, and the phenomenon that seedlings are seriously pumped out or die in spring often occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In the drought and cold area, the invention adopts the steps of promoting the seedling formation in the seedling stage, does not pursue the aim of rapid fruiting and early high yield, inhibits the growth of apple seedlings in the first year, avoids the phenomena of harm of pumping or death of the apple seedlings in winter and spring, and has the advantages of bearing fruit years after pushing, delaying fruit bearing, and maintaining the integrity of an orchard to the highest extent, so that the whole in the later stage is consistent to enter high yield and stable yield.
The method for stabilizing the yield of the apple in the drought and cold region through dwarfing close planting cultivation comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) nursery stock: selecting single (single) dry seedlings grafted with apples on a root stock without fusion dwarfing;
B. planting in the middle ten days of 4 months, and performing wide row close planting;
C. planting for the first year:
pruning: planting and setting, retaining terminal buds, thinning out competing buds and middle-trunk competing branches, and keeping the development angle of lateral branches at 90-100 degrees without cutting in summer, cutting in winter or cutting buds;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: controlling water and drought stress in autumn and slightly growing season, inhibiting the growth of middle trunk and side branches and slightly growing in autumn, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 1.5m;
D. and (3) planting for the second year:
pruning: thinning off first year side branches with the thickness exceeding 1/2 of the trunk, and chopping the first year side branches with the thickness not exceeding 1/2 of the trunk, wherein the chopping piles are 5 cm-8 cm;
sprouting and growing on the stub until the length is 13-17 cm, selecting sprouted branches under the back of the stub, and removing the rest branches of the stub;
the middle trunk extension head reserves the terminal bud, eliminates the competing bud and middle trunk competing branch, and the new sprouting side branch of the middle trunk keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and does not cut in summer, winter or bud;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: controlling water and drought stress in autumn and slightly growing season, inhibiting the growth of middle trunk and side branches and slightly growing in autumn, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 2.5m;
E. and (3) field planting for the third year:
pruning: thinning off lateral branches with thickness exceeding 1/2 of the trunk; the thickness of the side branch is more than 1/3 of the trunk, and the stub is 5 cm-8 cm; the rest side branches are not treated and are thrown and put in an extended mode;
sprouting and growing on the stub until the length is 13-17 cm, selecting sprouted branches under the back of the stub, and removing the rest branches of the stub;
the middle trunk extension head reserves the terminal bud, eliminates the competing bud and middle trunk competing branch, and the new sprouting side branch of the middle trunk keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and does not cut in summer, winter or bud; and removing inflorescences on the middle trunk, and reserving inflorescences at the top ends of the lateral branches;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: stopping watering for 10 days at the end of a new period, controlling water drought stress in autumn growth season, inhibiting middle-dry growth and side branch autumn growth, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 3.0m;
F. and (3) field planting for the fourth year:
pruning: controlling the number proportion of annual branches to biennial branches to the biennial branches to be 1:1:1;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering by adopting a dropper, wherein the watering depth is 50-60 cm each time, and drip irrigation is carried out for 15m for common acre water 3 About, water is dropped every 7-10 days.
The invention carries out intensive cultivation of apples in arid and cold areas based on dwarfing or semi-dwarfing self-rooting stock of apples, carries out seedling shaping by years, controls the growth of seedlings by auxiliary water and fertilizer management measures, and achieves rapid and stable yield and high yield of dwarfing close-planted apples in a four-year cultivation period. Unlike available technology, which has stable and high yield in 2-3 years, the present invention aims at providing apple seedling growing normally and with proper growth period, and has robust tree vigor, water and fertilizer regulation and control, safe winter, fast tree formation and high yield.
The first year pruning of the method can promote the growth of the seedlings, does not pursue the height and branches of the seedlings, and simultaneously limits the overquick thickening of the lateral branches; the water irrigation quantity is controlled by combining the water and fertilizer management of the first year, and proper drought stress is realized, so that the current-year seedlings are not higher than 1.5m, the medium trunk is filled with high xylem, and the seedlings can be prevented from being pumped out in the next spring. The second-year pruning shear mainly uses the lifting of middle trunk height and the increase of middle trunk thickness as main operations, cuts off one-year side branches, and limits the side branch from passing through blocks, thickening and growing by means of water control, core picking and the like in water and fertilizer management. The third year pruning shear of the method mainly promotes branching and flower formation, and simultaneously promotes the formation of flower buds of the side branches of the second year, and cultures branch groups. And realizing integral fruit bearing in the fourth year.
The invention starts from the field planting of seedlings, adopts different pruning means to control tree forms each year by adopting single dry seedlings, adopts different water and fertilizer strategies for different growth years in the young tree period and is formed by matching with the tree forms. The method adopts the strategy of 'four steps, one year long, two years strong, three years branch and four years fruit' for intensive cultivation of apple seedlings with dwarf or semi-dwarf self-root stock in arid and cold regions, and finally achieves the aim of stable yield and high yield.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of a fourth year fruiting period orchard of example 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for dwarfing and densely planting apples in the drought and cold areas and stabilizing yield in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) nursery stock: selecting single (single) dry seedlings grafted with apples on a root stock without fusion dwarfing;
B. planting in the middle ten days of 4 months, and performing wide row close planting;
C. planting for the first year:
pruning: planting and setting, retaining terminal buds, thinning out competing buds and middle-trunk competing branches, and keeping the development angle of lateral branches at 90-100 degrees without cutting in summer, cutting in winter or cutting buds;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: controlling water and drought stress in autumn and slightly growing season, inhibiting the growth of middle trunk and side branches and slightly growing in autumn, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 1.5m;
D. and (3) planting for the second year:
pruning: thinning off first year side branches with the thickness exceeding 1/2 of the trunk, and chopping the first year side branches with the thickness not exceeding 1/2 of the trunk, wherein the chopping piles are 5 cm-8 cm;
sprouting and growing on the stub until the length is 13-17 cm, selecting sprouted branches under the back of the stub, and removing the rest branches of the stub;
the middle trunk extension head reserves the terminal bud, eliminates the competing bud and middle trunk competing branch, and the new sprouting side branch of the middle trunk keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and does not cut in summer, winter or bud;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: controlling water and drought stress in autumn and slightly growing season, inhibiting the growth of middle trunk and side branches and slightly growing in autumn, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 2.5m;
E. and (3) field planting for the third year:
pruning: thinning off lateral branches with thickness exceeding 1/2 of the trunk; the thickness of the side branch is more than 1/3 of the trunk, and the stub is 5 cm-8 cm; the rest side branches are not treated and are thrown and put in an extended mode;
sprouting and growing on the stub until the length is 13-17 cm, selecting sprouted branches under the back of the stub, and removing the rest branches of the stub;
the middle trunk extension head reserves the terminal bud, eliminates the competing bud and middle trunk competing branch, and the new sprouting side branch of the middle trunk keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and does not cut in summer, winter or bud; and removing inflorescences on the middle trunk, and reserving inflorescences at the top ends of the lateral branches;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: stopping watering for 10 days at the end of a new period, controlling water drought stress in autumn growth season, inhibiting middle-dry growth and side branch autumn growth, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 3.0m;
F. and (3) field planting for the fourth year:
pruning: controlling the number proportion of annual branches to biennial branches to the biennial branches to be 1:1:1;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering by a dropper, and watering depth is needed each timeUp to 50-60 cm, and drip irrigation is carried out for 15m of water for general acre 3 About, water is dropped every 7-10 days.
In the steps D-E of the embodiment, drip pipe watering is adopted in water and fertilizer management, the watering depth of each time needs to reach 50-60 cm at ordinary times, and the drip irrigation is carried out for common acre water for 15m 3 About, water is dropped every 7-10 days.
In this embodiment, apples are selected from short-branched varieties.
The conventional field planting method is adopted in the field planting of the embodiment.
In the embodiment, a high spindle tree shape is adopted, the height of seedlings planted in the fourth year is 3.5 m-4 m, the number of branch groups is 35-40, winter pruning is not implemented, and spring pruning is the main method.
The pruning method employed in this embodiment maintains the top bud competitive advantage.
In the step E of the embodiment, the water and fertilizer are stopped for 10 days after being stopped for a long time, and the water and fertilizer are stopped for a long time, so that the water and fertilizer can be promoted to stop for a long time at the top of the water and fertilizer.
The trunk is pulled up to a limited extent in the first year of the embodiment, and excessive growth is not pursued; the water and fertilizer control is performed at the proper time to control the growth of long and full trees to safely overwinter; the trunk is pulled up to a limited extent and the growth promoting lateral branches are limited at the same time in the second year, the trunk is pulled up and the trunk thickness is promoted, and excessive branches and flowers are not pursued; ensuring the advantages of trunks in the third year, promoting the formation of branches and flowers; and realizing integral fruit bearing in the fourth year.
In this embodiment, conventional water and fertilizer management measures are adopted in an undefined period.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: and B, wide row close planting: the row spacing is 4m, and the plant spacing is 1.2-1.5 m. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and the first or second embodiment is that: and C-F, water and fertilizer management adopts water and fertilizer integration. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one or more embodiments.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the difference between this embodiment and the first, second or third embodiment is that: controlling water drought stress in the step C: and stopping water in the last ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 9 months, wherein the seedlings have water shortage symptoms and are supplemented with a small amount of water. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the first, second or third embodiments.
A small amount of water is added: the water supplementing quantity is less than or equal to 1/2 of the water consumption of drip irrigation at ordinary times, namely, the water consumption of one mu of drip irrigation is not more than 7.5m each time 3 。
Fifth embodiment: the present embodiment differs from the first to fourth embodiments in that: and C, watering by adopting a dropper in the water and fertilizer management, wherein the watering depth is required to be 50-60 cm each time, and dripping water once every 10-15 days until 11 months of winter irrigation is performed. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the first to fourth embodiments.
Specific embodiment six: the difference between this embodiment and one of the fifth embodiments is that: and C, controlling the growth length of the lateral branches in the pruning, and pinching branches exceeding 35cm and keeping the branches to grow parallel to the ground. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the first to fifth embodiments.
Seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is that: d, maintaining the development angle of branches reserved on the short stub in the pruning at 90-100 ℃, and avoiding cutting in summer, cutting in winter and bud carving; and controlling the growth length of the branches reserved on the stub, and pinching the branches exceeding 35cm and keeping the branches to grow parallel to the ground. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the first to sixth embodiments.
Eighth embodiment: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and D, controlling the growth length of newly germinated lateral branches on the middle trunk in pruning, and pinching branches exceeding 35cm and keeping the branches to grow parallel to the ground. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of one of the first to seventh embodiments.
Detailed description nine: the present embodiment differs from one to eight of the embodiments in that: and D, adding urea with water and supplementing water in the water fertilizer management for 10 months according to the amount of 2.5-3 Kg/mu of reduced pure nitrogen. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one to eight of the embodiments.
Example 1
In 2018, the method is adopted for planting apomixis dwarf stocks in the village of Igans in Akesu City of Xinjiang:
A. and (3) nursery stock: selecting single (single) dry seedlings grafted with apples on a root stock without fusion dwarfing;
B. planting in the middle ten days of 4 months, and performing wide row close planting: the row spacing is 4m, and the plant spacing is 1.2m;
C. planting for the first year:
pruning: planting and setting, retaining terminal buds, thinning out competing buds and middle-trunk competing branches, and keeping the development angle of lateral branches at 90-100 degrees without cutting in summer, cutting in winter or cutting buds; controlling the growth length of lateral branches in pruning, and pinching branches exceeding 35cm and keeping the branches to grow parallel to the ground;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering by adopting a dropper, wherein the watering depth is required to be 50-60 cm each time, and dripping water every 10-15 days until the winter irrigation is carried out for 11 months; the water control drought stress during autumn slightly grows, the mid-dry growth and the side branch slightly grow are inhibited, and the height of the seedlings is ensured to be less than or equal to 1.5m; controlling water drought stress: stopping water in the last ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 9 months, and performing small water supplementing, wherein the water supplementing amount is less than or equal to 1/2 of the water consumption of drip irrigation at ordinary times;
D. and (3) planting for the second year:
pruning: thinning off first year side branches with the thickness exceeding 1/2 of the trunk, and chopping the first year side branches with the thickness not exceeding 1/2 of the trunk, wherein the chopping piles are 5cm; the branch reserved on the stub keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and the branches are not sheared in summer, sheared in winter and bud carving; controlling the growth length of branches reserved on the stub, picking cores of branches exceeding 35cm, and keeping the branches parallel to the ground;
sprouting and growing on the stub until the length is 15cm, selecting sprouted branches under the back of the stub, and removing the rest branches of the stub;
the middle trunk extension head reserves the terminal bud, eliminates the competing bud and middle trunk competing branch, and the new sprouting side branch of the middle trunk keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and does not cut in summer, winter or bud; controlling the growth length of newly germinated lateral branches on the middle trunk, picking cores of branches exceeding 35cm, and keeping the branches grow parallel to the ground;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: spraying 3% urea for 2-3 times before spring germination, and filling thawing water into a whole garden at the end of 2 months; controlling water and drought stress in autumn and slightly growing season, inhibiting the growth of middle trunk and side branches and slightly growing in autumn, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 2.5m; the water and fertilizer are managed conventionally, urea is supplemented with water for 10 months, and the urea is applied according to the amount of 2.5-3 Kg/mu of reduced pure nitrogen;
E. and (3) field planting for the third year:
pruning: thinning off lateral branches with thickness exceeding 1/2 of the trunk; the thickness of the side branch is more than 1/3 of the trunk, and the stub is 5 cm-8 cm; the rest side branches are not treated and are thrown and put in an extended mode;
sprouting and growing on the stub until the length is 13-17 cm, selecting sprouted branches under the back of the stub, and removing the rest branches of the stub;
the middle trunk extension head reserves the terminal bud, eliminates the competing bud and middle trunk competing branch, and the new sprouting side branch of the middle trunk keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and does not cut in summer, winter or bud; and removing inflorescences on the middle trunk, and reserving inflorescences at the top ends of the lateral branches;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: stopping watering for 10 days at the end of a new period, controlling water drought stress in autumn growth season, inhibiting middle-dry growth and side branch autumn growth, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 3.0m;
F. and (3) field planting for the fourth year:
pruning: controlling the number proportion of annual branches to biennial branches to the biennial branches to be 1:1:1;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering by adopting a dropper, wherein the watering depth is 50-60 cm each time, and drip irrigation is carried out for 15m for common acre water 3 About, water is dropped every 7-10 days.
In the steps C to F of the embodiment, the water and fertilizer management adopts water and fertilizer integration; in the steps D-E, drip pipe watering is adopted in water and fertilizer management, the watering depth of each time is 50-60 cm at ordinary times, and the drip irrigation is carried out for 15m for common acre water 3 About, water is dropped every 7-10 days.
In this example, apples were selected from short-shoot varieties.
The conventional field planting method is adopted in the field planting of the embodiment.
In the embodiment, a high spindle tree shape is adopted, the height of seedlings planted in the fourth year is 3.5 m-4 m, the number of branch groups is 35-40, winter pruning is not implemented, and spring pruning is the main method.
The new time period is 5 months 20 days to 6 months 10 days.
The whole height of the first-year autumn seedling of the embodiment is 1.5m, 2-3 branches, and the height variation coefficient of the tree body is 12%. In spring of the next year, about 30% of the tops of the branches are drained, the tops of the branches are slightly drained, the longest draining is 20cm, and the phenomenon of draining death is avoided. The whole tree height in winter in the next year is 1.8-2 m, 10-12 branches are branched, and the whole tree height variation coefficient is 14%. In spring of the third year, 25% of the side branch tops are slightly drained, and the phenomenon of death due to draining is avoided; the top is slightly less than 10 percent of the stem is pumped, the fruit of the individual side branches begins to bear, a great number of rosette leaves appear on the side branches, the height of the tree is 2.2-2.5 m in winter in the third year, and the number of branches is 18-20. In spring of the fourth year, flowers are opened, fruits are fruiting, and the average number of single plants fruiting is more than 20.
Example 2
In 2019, the dwarf intermediate stock of the Octalopia acuminata planted in the Yi-Lai-Murray of the Archaelia in Xinjiang is short and rich in spring, and a wide row close planting, a row spacing of 4m, a plant spacing of 1m and a water and fertilizer integrated facility are adopted. According to the conventional dwarf close planting cultivation technical measures, the aims of field planting in one year, preliminary fruiting in two years and high yield in three years are expected to be achieved.
Planting: the annual grafted seedling is a finished seedling and is not dry.
1-3 years after field planting:
shaping: a. the first year is high-setting, the tips buds at the tips of the extension branches are cut off, and full buds are reserved as much as possible. Early opening the angle of the new tip, opening the angle by twisting the tip and opening the toothpick, avoiding the blade from being removed; throwing and extending the young shoots, and reserving 2-3 big leaves for extremely heavy and short cutting for competitive young shoots; qiu Lazhi. And (3) carrying out primary opening angle branch pulling in 9 and 10 months, wherein the branch pulling angle is 90-135 degrees. b. And (3) timely controlling the thick branches on the middle trunk, removing 1/3-1/4 of the side branches thicker than the middle trunk, and timely sealing the cut.
Fertilizer and water management: water and fertilizer integration is realized, water is effectively saved by adopting a dropper for watering, the watering depth is 50 cm-60 cm each time, and the water for common acre is drip-irrigated for 20m 3 Left and right; the water is dripped every 7 to 10 days, the water is not controlled during the growth period, the normal growth is ensured, and the water is continuously dripped in the beginning of August.
The first year winter plant height is 1.8-2.0 m, and the branch number is 10-12; the average length of the dry drainage in spring of the second year is 60cm, the individual drainage length is 1m, 10% of drainage death occurs, and the next year of winter is the next year, because the drainage causes poor growth of the second year, the height of the tree is 2.0m at the highest, the lowest is only 1.5m, and the overall variation coefficient of the height of the tree is 36.7%.
By comparing the example 1 with the example 2, the tree body in different years is uniform (as shown in figure 1) and no pumping death condition exists; the method can integrally improve the integrity of the orchard, reduce the pumping phenomenon and reduce the middle and later maintenance operation cost of the orchard.
Claims (9)
1. A method for stabilizing yield of apple in arid and cold regions by dwarfing and close planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. and (3) nursery stock: selecting single-dried seedlings grafted with apples on a root stock without fusion dwarfing;
B. planting in the middle ten days of 4 months, and performing wide row close planting;
C. planting for the first year:
pruning: planting and setting, retaining terminal buds, thinning out competing buds and middle-trunk competing branches, and keeping the development angle of lateral branches at 90-100 degrees without cutting in summer, cutting in winter or cutting buds;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: controlling water and drought stress in autumn and slightly growing season, inhibiting the growth of middle trunk and side branches and slightly growing in autumn, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 1.5m;
D. and (3) planting for the second year:
pruning: thinning off first year side branches with the thickness exceeding 1/2 of the trunk, and chopping the first year side branches with the thickness not exceeding 1/2 of the trunk, wherein the chopping piles are 5 cm-8 cm;
sprouting and growing on the stub until the length is 13-17 cm, selecting sprouted branches under the back of the stub, and removing the rest branches of the stub;
the middle trunk extension head reserves the terminal bud, eliminates the competing bud and middle trunk competing branch, and the new sprouting side branch of the middle trunk keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and does not cut in summer, winter or bud;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: controlling water and drought stress in autumn and slightly growing season, inhibiting the growth of middle trunk and side branches and slightly growing in autumn, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 2.5m;
E. and (3) field planting for the third year:
pruning: thinning off lateral branches with thickness exceeding 1/2 of the trunk; the thickness of the side branch is more than 1/3 of the trunk, and the stub is 5 cm-8 cm; the rest side branches are not treated and are thrown and put in an extended mode;
sprouting and growing on the stub until the length is 13-17 cm, selecting sprouted branches under the back of the stub, and removing the rest branches of the stub;
the middle trunk extension head reserves the terminal bud, eliminates the competing bud and middle trunk competing branch, and the new sprouting side branch of the middle trunk keeps the development angle of 90-100 degrees, and does not cut in summer, winter or bud; and removing inflorescences on the middle trunk, and reserving inflorescences at the top ends of the lateral branches;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: stopping watering for 10 days at the end of a new period, controlling water drought stress in autumn growth season, inhibiting middle-dry growth and side branch autumn growth, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is less than or equal to 3.0m;
F. and (3) field planting for the fourth year:
pruning: controlling the number proportion of annual branches to biennial branches to the biennial branches to be 1:1:1;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering by adopting a dropper, wherein the watering depth is 50-60 cm each time, and drip irrigation is carried out for 15m for common acre water 3 About, water is dropped every 7-10 days.
2. The method for dwarfing, closely planting and cultivating and stabilizing yield of apples in arid and cold regions according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, wide row closely planting is performed: the row spacing is 4m, and the plant spacing is 1.2-1.5 m.
3. The method for dwarfing, closely planting and cultivating and stabilizing the yield of the apples in the arid and cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the water and fertilizer management in the steps C to F adopts water and fertilizer integration.
4. The method for dwarfing, closely planting and cultivating and stabilizing yield of apples in drought and cold areas according to claim 3, wherein water and drought stress are controlled in the step C: and stopping water in the last ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 9 months, wherein the seedlings have water shortage symptoms and are supplemented with a small amount of water.
5. The method for stabilizing yield of dwarf close-planting cultivation of apples in arid cold regions according to claim 3, wherein in the step C, water and fertilizer management are carried out by adopting a dropper, the depth of each watering is required to be 50-60 cm, and water is dripped every 10-15 days until 11 months of winter irrigation.
6. The method for stabilizing yield of apple dwarf close planting cultivation in arid cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the growth length of lateral branches is controlled in the step C, branches exceeding 35cm are off-center and kept parallel to the ground for growth.
7. The method for dwarfing, closely planting and cultivating apple in drought and cold areas, according to claim 1, characterized in that the branches reserved on the stub in the step D are kept at an opening angle of 90-100 degrees, and the branches are not cut in summer, not cut in winter and not bud; and controlling the growth length of the branches reserved on the stub, and pinching the branches exceeding 35cm and keeping the branches to grow parallel to the ground.
8. The method for stabilizing yield of apple dwarf close planting cultivation in arid cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the length of newly germinated side branches on the middle trunk is controlled in the pruning of the step D, and branches exceeding 35cm are off-center and kept to grow parallel to the ground.
9. The method for dwarfing, closely planting and cultivating and stabilizing the yield of apples in arid and cold regions according to claim 1, wherein urea is supplemented with water in 10 months in the step D of water and fertilizer management, and the urea is applied according to the amount of 2.5-3 Kg/mu of reduced pure nitrogen.
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