CN114258376A - 运输托盘 - Google Patents

运输托盘 Download PDF

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CN114258376A
CN114258376A CN202080057276.7A CN202080057276A CN114258376A CN 114258376 A CN114258376 A CN 114258376A CN 202080057276 A CN202080057276 A CN 202080057276A CN 114258376 A CN114258376 A CN 114258376A
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tray
pallet
ribs
rib
leg
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CN114258376B (zh
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M·弗鲁内斯
M·古德姆林达伦
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Bevino Plasta Public Ltd
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    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
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    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

一种运输托盘(100)包括相对的第一和第二短边(101，102)以及相对的第一和第二长边(103，104)。支承表面由构架构成，所述构架由多个相互平行地延伸的长形肋(106)和多个相互平行地延伸的横向肋(107)组成，所述横向肋(107)垂直于所述长形肋延伸。多个腿(105)被形成为所述肋的延伸部并且从所述支承表面向下延伸并且相互分布于所述支承表面下方。所述短边(101，102)类似地形成有叉车凹坑(112)。肋延伸部形成有倾斜度，以使得所述腿(105)沿远离所述托盘下侧的方向变窄。

Description

运输托盘
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的运输托盘。
背景技术
运输托盘被广泛用于运输货物，其中大部分运输托盘被以标准的外部尺寸以及根据欧洲标准的承载能力需求运送。所述运输托盘提供由卡车或手动托盘卡车进行的方便的搬运，并且根据布置于所述托盘上的货物而为可堆叠的。运输托盘由木材或塑料生产而成。由于必须被包含于托盘中以满足承载能力需求的材料，托盘太重而不能手动搬运。而且，结果，托盘的重量使要运输的总质量增加，这对成本作出负贡献。另一个缺点是现有技术的托盘可能难以清洁，特别是由木材制成的托盘。
为了提供具体的示例，通过在将要被装载于飞机上的鱼类托架被装载于卡车上以便运输至机场之前将所述鱼类托架堆叠于托盘上来执行所述鱼类托架的道路运输。大多数托盘为由木材制成的一次性托盘。然而，这些托盘非常重、在12至20kg之间，该重量对有效负载作出贡献并且因此对运输成本作出负贡献。然后，通过真空升降机将鱼类托架手动地一个接一个地装载至飞机托盘(也被称为PMC铝薄片)并且堆叠在那里。然后，托盘被丢弃并且不被重新使用。这对运输成本构成额外的负贡献。
然而，存在由发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)制成的托盘，所述托盘可以由卡车直接装载于飞机托盘上。因此，这种运输和装载方法需要较少的手动搬运，并且托盘可以一直跟随到达目的地。然而，如果EPS托盘将被重新用于运输比如鱼的食物，则需要有关于食物卫生的可清洗性。
然而，飞机托盘具有轨道，所述轨道包围所述飞机托盘，并且通常沿水平方向增加5cm。因此，在相邻托盘之间形成10cm的死区，这使货物隔室上的相邻托盘的负载高度和总长度倍增。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供这种类型的运输托盘，所述运输托盘具有比现有技术的托盘更高的弯曲强度。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种运输托盘，所述运输托盘与现有技术的托盘相比具有更少的材料并且因此具有更少的重量。本发明的又一个目的是提供一种托盘，所述托盘比现有技术的托盘更容易清洁。如上所述，在飞机上运输托盘货物期间的另一个目的是利用货物隔室中的相邻托盘之间的死区。又一个目的是能够将托盘堆叠于彼此之上以及彼此之中，以减少对存储空间的需求并且降低运输成本。
发明内容
由根据权利要求1的特征部分所述的运输托盘实现这些目的。额外的有利特征从独立权利要求中体现。
本发明涉及一种用于存储和/或运输货物的集成的塑料的托盘，所述托盘包括相对的第一和第二短边以及布置于所述短边之间的相对的第一和第二长边。所述托盘的支承表面由多个长形肋和垂直于所述长形肋延伸的多个横向肋构成，其中多个腿从所述托盘支承表面的下侧向下延伸。每个腿与所述托盘一体地形成并且作为两个相对的长形腿肋区段和两个相对的横向腿肋区段的延伸部。所述腿肋区段形成有台阶，以限定竖直地延伸的上部肋区段和倾斜的下部肋区段，使得每个腿沿离开所述托盘支承表面的方向变窄。而且，所述横向肋呈现比所述长形肋更小的竖直延伸部。
所述倾斜的下部肋延伸部的倾斜角度相对于竖直方向为大约5度。
为了简化手动托盘卡车或叉车的叉的插入，所述托盘承重表面的下侧有利地设置有圆化边缘。
为了进一步增加所述托盘的弯曲刚度，形成所述腿的所述长形肋中的一半呈现比剩余的长形肋更大的厚度，以充当增强件。以这种方式，所述托盘设置有增加的弯曲刚度，但是具有最小的附加材料消耗和最小的重量增加。
在优选实施例中，特别是对于在飞机上运输箱子，最靠近于所述托盘的短边和长边的腿分别对应于飞机托盘上的轨道的水平延伸部布置于离开相应的短边和长边一定距离处，所述距离通常为大约5cm。
定义
术语“运输托盘”是指一种用于容置货物的托盘，所述货物不仅要被运输而且可以静止地存储于所述托盘上。术语“运输托盘”和“托盘”因此被可互换地使用。
术语“一个长边/多个长边”是指矩形托盘的相对的侧边缘。术语“一个短边/多个短边”是指矩形托盘中的位于所述长边之间的相对的侧边缘。然而，托盘还可以呈现正方形几何形状，但是术语“一个或多个长边”以及“一个或多个短边”也用于正方形托盘，目的是简化对托盘的描述。因此，托盘的正方形实施例的长边和短边可以呈现相同的延伸部。
附图说明
图1示出从上方视角观察的根据本发明的托盘，
图2示出从下方视角观察的根据本发明的托盘，
图3从上方示出所述托盘的支承/承载表面的构架的一部分，
图4A为所述托盘的端部的侧视图，
图4B为类似于图4A的图，但是针对从短边部分地观察的一部分，
图5示出从上方视角观察的肋的构架的一部分；
图6为类似于图5的图，但是其中腿的虚拟表面已经被移除，
图7为这样的图：该图以立体图示出堆叠于彼此之中以及彼此之上的具有长形肋的优选实施例的两个托盘，以及
图8为类似于图7的图，其中示出释放分析。
具体实施方式
图1示出从上方视角观察的根据本发明的托盘100，而图2示出从下方视角观察的托盘。托盘100包括第一短边101、相对的第二短边102、第一长边103以及相对的第二长边104，以便在其间形成用于运输或储存货物的支承/承载表面。短边和长边有利地设置有圆化的下边缘(图4A)，以简化手动托盘卡车或叉车的叉的插入。多个腿105从支承表面向下延伸，其中相应的短边101和102的相邻的腿105之间的隔室111建立用于手动托盘卡车的叉的凹坑。类似的凹坑112形成于相应的长边103和104的相邻的腿105之间，以便建立用于叉车的叉的凹坑。
现在参考图3，示出支承表面的一部分，所述支承表面由多个长形肋106和垂直于长形肋106延伸的多个横向肋107组成，并且在托盘安放于表面上时使所述肋的表面大致上垂直地延伸，从而形成托盘的支承表面。由形成腿105的区域中的第一长形肋区段108和第二长形肋区段109构成的多对相邻长形腿肋106以相互角度沿一定方向布置，以使得肋108和109沿远离托盘的支承表面的方向彼此接近。倾斜的长形腿肋区段108和109与两个肋107的相邻横向肋区段115和116以这种方式形成空腔110，用于容置堆叠于第一托盘上的另一个托盘的腿105。长形腿肋区段108和109的倾斜角度有利地相对于竖直方向为大约5度。在有利实施例中，形成腿105的肋区段108、109、115和116中的一半呈现比剩余的肋106、107和109更大的厚度，并且表现为增强肋108，但是具有最小的材料消耗和最小的重量增加。
以单件铸造的托盘100的构架在图5中被以一部分的形式示出，具有呈长形肋106和横向肋107的形式的构架。从图5中特别明显地看出的是，腿(未明确示出)被分别形成为相应的长形肋106和横向肋107的四个相邻腿肋区段108、109、115和116的延伸部，其中每个腿肋区段108、109、115和116在从托盘的下侧一定距离处形成有断裂或台阶113，以使得相应的腿肋区段由倾斜的下部部分106'和竖直地延伸的上部部分106"形成。横向肋类似地形成(未示出)。被标记为X的表面是虚拟表面，其被包含在图中以更好地示出构架的角度几何形状。在图6中，所述虚拟表面被移除以示出根据本发明所述的托盘的构架的一部分。图4A和4B为侧视图，示出被形成为肋的延伸部的腿的角度几何形状。
为了利用位于多个飞机托盘(未示出)上的具有货物的相邻托盘之间的死区，分别最靠近于托盘的长边和短边的腿105在优选实施例中被布置于离开相应的短边101、102和长边103、104一定距离处。该距离对应于飞机托盘轨道(未示出)的水平延伸部。以这种方式，根据本发明所述的放置于相邻的飞机托盘中的托盘100可以利用它们各自的支承表面彼此靠近地布置，并且利用根据现有技术的相邻的承载飞机托盘之间的死区。这些腿的布置特别地从图1、图2和图4A示出。
现在参考图7，示出堆叠于彼此之上的两个托盘的局部部分。该图示出运输托盘的替代的有利实施例。为了提供具有良好的可清洗性的牢固的腿，一些长形肋被布置成在整个纵向方向上倾斜。这些长形的倾斜肋由附图标记117示出。该解决方案使腿的外部横截面最大化，从而消除腿中的台阶点并且消除长形肋中的台阶。然而，横向肋107为竖直的。这对于获得连续的分隔线以及适当地布置的释放方向为必要的。因此，该区域中的壁的腿必须具有台阶以固定相互堆叠。由于腿沿托盘的纵向方向为长形的，所以台阶被布置成使得它们尽可能少地弱化腿强度，亦即在横向肋107处。
图8示出托盘的区域内的释放方向，以堆叠于彼此之上的两个托盘的视角示出一个部分。由附图标记118标记的肋区段具有沿向上方向的释放方向，而由附图标记119标记的肋区段具有沿向下方向的释放方向。根据本发明所述的托盘的该实施例通过取得倾斜的长形肋117中的起始点来构造，然后调节横向肋107的壁以获得连续的分隔线。
最后，应当提到的是，每个侧边缘的下部部分(未进一步示出)为倾斜的，从而使侧边缘的下部部分沿离开托盘的方向，以降低在与叉车接触时发生损坏的风险。这涉及在提升叉定位于过的水平处的情况下，托盘被提升而不是被推入。倾斜的侧边缘还有助于增加托盘的弯曲刚度。
技术效果
根据本发明所述的托盘具有多个优点。除了肋的上侧之外，托盘不具有水平的表面或隔室，这是相对于清洁被高度评估的特征。与现有技术的托盘相比，刚性构架形成基本弯曲-刚性托盘。另外，圆化边缘有助于增加弯曲刚度。具有沿着托盘的下侧分布的腿的构架和布置提供朝向表面的良好的负载分布，并且托盘不会由于高负载而向下弯曲。最后但并不是最不重要的，与现有技术的托盘相比，材料消耗非常低。与现有技术相比，根据本发明所述的托盘能够以一半的材料消耗承载更高的重量。分别具有较短的竖直延伸部的长形肋和横向肋的不同的高度形成最大刚度并且还降低重量和材料消耗。
将最靠近于长边和短边的腿定位于离开所述长边和短边一定距离处，特别是对于在典型的运输飞机的货物隔室上的飞机托盘上装载例如箱子而言，使得货物隔室能够与根据现有技术的最大161个箱子相比容置大约168个箱子。用于鲑鱼的EPS托架容置大约10kg的鱼。这意味着在飞机运输中的140kg的额外的鱼。
还应当强调的是，托盘的尺寸和腿的形状被形成为使得可以将8个托盘布置于标准的所谓的PNC飞机货物托盘上。另外，托盘优选地由双组分聚合物形成，所述双组分聚合物中的一种塑料组分充当浇铸于托盘内的摩擦涂层。这种类型的摩擦涂层通常在托盘本身的铸造之后被应用至托盘的外部。
附图标记
100 托盘/运输托盘
101 托盘的第一短边
102 托盘的第二短边
103 托盘的第一长边
104 托盘的第二长边
105 腿/支撑腿
106 长形肋
107 横向肋
108 第一长形腿肋区段(增强肋)
109 第二长形腿肋区段
110 腿105中的空腔
111 手动托盘卡车凹坑
112 叉车凹坑
113 台阶
114 圆化边缘
115 第一长形腿肋区段
116 第二长形腿肋区段
117 倾斜的长形肋
118 肋区段的向上拉动方向
119 肋区段的向下拉动方向

Claims (8)

1.一种用于储存和/或运输货物的集成的塑料的托盘(100)，所述托盘(100)包括相对的第一短边和第二短边(101，102)以及布置于短边之间的相对的第一长边和第二长边(103，104)，其中托盘支承表面由多个长形肋(106)和垂直于所述长形肋(106)延伸的多个横向肋(107)构成，其中多个腿(105)从所述托盘支承表面的下侧向下延伸，其中每个腿(105)被一体地形成为两个相对的长形腿肋区段(115，116)和两个相对的横向腿肋区段(107)的延伸部，其中每个腿肋区段(108，109，115，116)形成有台阶(113)，以限定竖直地延伸的上部腿肋区段(106')和倾斜的下部腿肋区段(106")，以使得每个腿(105)沿远离所述托盘支承表面的方向变窄，其特征在于，所述横向肋(107)呈现比所述长形肋(106)更小的竖直延伸部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的托盘，其特征在于，所述下部肋延伸部(106")的倾斜角度相对于竖直方向为大约5度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的托盘，其特征在于，所述托盘支承表面的下侧设置有圆化边缘(114)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的托盘，其特征在于，形成所述腿(105)的所述长形肋部分(106'；108)中的一半呈现比剩余的长形肋(106；109)更大的厚度，以充当增强件。
5.根据以上权利要求中的任一项所述的托盘，其特征在于，分别最靠近于所述托盘(100)的所述短边(101，102)和长边(103，104)的所述腿(105)在优选实施例中被对应于飞机托盘的轨道的水平延伸部布置于离开所述相应的短边(101，102)和长边(103，104)一定距离处。
6.根据权利要求5所述的托盘，其特征在于，所述距离为大约5cm。
7.根据以上权利要求中的任一项所述的托盘，其特征在于，多个所述长形肋(106)被形成为大致上垂直于所述横向肋(107)延伸的倾斜肋(117)。
8.根据以上权利要求中的任一项所述的托盘，其特征在于，所述托盘由双组分聚合物形成，所述双组分聚合物中的一种塑料组分充当摩擦涂层。
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CN114258376B (zh) 2024-07-23
WO2021029775A1 (en) 2021-02-18
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EP4013694A1 (en) 2022-06-22
US20220332463A1 (en) 2022-10-20

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