CN114247439A - 复合固体推进剂用的稀土催化材料及制备评价方法和应用 - Google Patents
复合固体推进剂用的稀土催化材料及制备评价方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合固体推进剂用的稀土催化材料及制备评价方法和应用,属于稀土催化材料制备及应用领域。依据热重分析技术确定工艺温度,采用高温煅烧工艺制备稀土氧化物催化材料,表征其粒度、微观形貌。将稀土氧化物与复合固体推进剂主要原材料混合后,以热分解历程的热流曲线变化情况评价稀土催化材料的催化效果。本发明制备工艺简单,易于实施,所制备的稀土催化材料对推进剂的主要组分热分解历程具有促进作用,为复合固体推进剂燃烧性能调控提供一种技术途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合固体推进剂用的稀土催化材料及其制备评价方法,属于稀土催化材料制备及应用领域。
背景技术
稀土催化材料已在石油化工、化石燃料的催化燃烧、机动车尾气净化和有毒有害气体的净化、燃料电池(固体氧化物燃料电池)等化学过程中得到广泛应用。在含NOx、COx及碳氢化合物的燃气燃烧过程中,稀土及稀土复合体系具有优越的催化性能,而复合固体推进剂的燃烧产物与化石燃料燃烧产物具有相似性,研究证明镧、铈等稀土元素的化合物单一使用或与现有燃烧性能调节剂复合使用时,能够有效改变固体推进剂组分的热分解历程,进一步影响推进剂的燃烧性能,是具备潜力的高效燃烧性能调节剂。
中国期刊″推进技术″2002年第4期报道了文献″纳米氧化镧对黑索今热分解的催化作用″,该文献采用用室温湿固相反应制备了纳米氧化镧,实验结果表明纳米氧化镧能有效地催化RDX的热分解。
中国期刊″稀有金属″2007年第8期报道了文献″稀土氧化物对高氯酸铵热分解的作用及机制″,该文献采用草酸沉淀法、碳酸氢铵沉淀法和乙二醇溶胶凝胶法制备了多种稀土氧化物,用差热分析技术比较了不同稀土氧化物对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用,实验结果表明所有稀土氧化物均能使高氯酸铵的第一放热峰滞后,而第二放热分解峰提前;随着稀土添加量的增加,两分解峰逐渐靠近,最终合并为一个分解放热峰,分解热也大大提高。
然而,相关研究开展较少多数集中在双基推进剂领域,在复合固体推进剂领域尚无公开报道的高效稀土催化材料获得应用。
因此本项目开展稀土催化材料在复合固体推进剂中的应用技术研究,开发新型稀土燃烧性能调节剂,解决复合固体推进剂燃烧性能调控技术难题。
因此,本发明提出了用于复合固体推进剂的稀土催化材料及其制备方法,对复合固体推进剂燃烧性能调控具有一定的意义。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于复合固体推进剂的稀土催化材料,以解决复合固体推进剂燃烧性能调控的问题。
为解决存在的技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种用于复合固体推进剂的稀土催化材料的制备方法,其制备过程为,
(1)采用热重分析技术确定稀土碳酸盐的分解历程,确定高温煅烧工艺温度;
(2)将稀土碳酸盐原材料置于煅烧炉中,设定煅烧工艺温度为750℃~900℃,煅烧时间为2~4h;
(3)煅烧产物冷却后称重计算煅烧收率;
(4)对煅烧产物进行性能表征;
(5)将煅烧产物与复合固体推进剂原材料混合,采用热分析技术评价煅烧产物对复合固体推进剂原材料热分解的催化作用。
进一步地,本发明所述的稀土碳酸盐为碳酸镧或碳酸铈等。
进一步地,本发明所述的产物粒径可通过调节煅烧温度、煅烧时间实现调控。
进一步地,本发明所述的性能表征的内容为粒度和形貌。
进一步地,本发明所述的复合固体推进剂原材料包括氧化剂、硝胺炸药、粘合剂和增塑剂。
进一步地,本发明所述的热分析技术为差示扫描量热技术DSC,且以热分解历程的热流曲线变化情况评价稀土催化材料的催化效果。
特别地,本发明还公开了一种上述制备评价方法制备的稀土催化材料,所述的稀土催化材料为所述煅烧产物。
进一步地,本发明所述的稀土催化材料为氧化镧或氧化铈。
特别地,本发明还公开了一种所述的稀土催化材料的应用,所述稀土催化材料应用于复合固体推进剂的燃烧性能调控。
本发明的优点与效果是:
本发明主要是通过高温煅烧法制备稀土氧化物,作为复合固体推进剂的潜在燃烧催化材料。制备工艺简单,所制备的稀土催化材料对推进剂的主要组分热分解历程具有促进作用,为复合固体推进剂燃烧性能调控提供一种技术途径。
附图说明
图l为氧化镧的扫描电子显微镜照片。
图2为高氯酸铵的DSC-TGA曲线。
图3为高氯酸铵/氧化镧混合体系DSC-TGA曲线。
图4为氧化铈的扫描电子显微镜照片。
图5为高氯酸铵/氧化铈混合体系DSC-TGA曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步阐述,但不限制本发明。
在下述实施例中,分别制备了氧化铈和氧化镧,并考察其对推进剂组分分解的催化效果。
实施例1
称取将10g左右的碳酸镧原材料,在马弗炉中800℃煅烧2h,获得白色粉末状氧化镧。
产物氧化镧的扫描电子显微镜照片(图1)表明其为片层状团聚结构,粒径约为40μm。
添加所制备的氧化镧后,高氯酸铵热分解历程发生改变,见图2、图3。高温分解历程表现出明显的变化,由吸热峰变为明显的放热峰,高氯酸铵/氧化镧体系分别在356℃、407℃出现明显放热峰。氧化镧的加入使得高氯酸铵的分解放热过程更为集中,表现出一定的催化作用。
实施例2
称取将10g左右的碳酸铈原材料,在马弗炉中800℃煅烧2h,获得淡黄色粉末状氧化镧。
产物氧化铈的扫描电子显微镜照片(图4)表明其为片层状团聚结构,粒径约为30μm。
添加所制备的氧化镧后,高氯酸铵热分解历程发生改变,见图2、图5。高温分解历程表现出明显的变化,由吸热峰变为明显的放热峰,高氯酸铵/氧化铈体系在374℃出现明显放热峰。氧化铈的加入使得高氯酸铵的分解放热过程更为集中,表现出一定的催化作用。
Claims (9)
1.复合固体推进剂用的稀土催化材料的制备评价方法,其制备过程为:
(1)采用热重分析技术确定稀土碳酸盐的分解历程,确定高温煅烧工艺温度;
(2)将稀土碳酸盐原材料置于煅烧炉中,设定煅烧工艺温度为750℃~900℃,煅烧时间为2~4h;
(3)煅烧产物冷却后称重计算煅烧收率;
(4)对煅烧产物进行性能表征;
(5)将煅烧产物与复合固体推进剂原材料混合,采用热分析技术评价煅烧产物对复合固体推进剂原材料热分解的催化作用。
2.根据权利要求l所述的制备评价方法,其特征在于:所述的稀土碳酸盐为碳酸镧或碳酸铈。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备评价方法,其特征在于:所述的产物粒径可通过调节煅烧温度、煅烧时间实现调控。
4.根据权利要求l所述的制备评价方法,其特征在于:所述的性能表征的内容为粒度和形貌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备评价方法,其特征在于:所述的复合固体推进剂原材料包括氧化剂、硝胺炸药、粘合剂和增塑剂。
6.根据权利要求l所述的制备评价方法,其特征在于:所述的热分析技术为差示扫描量热技术DSC,且以热分解历程的热流曲线变化情况评价稀土催化材料的催化效果。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的制备评价方法制备的稀土催化材料,其特征在于:所述的稀土催化材料为所述煅烧产物。
8.根据权利要求6所述的稀土催化材料,其特征在于:所述的稀土催化材料为氧化镧或氧化铈。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的稀土催化材料的应用,其特征在于:所述稀土催化材料应用于复合固体推进剂的燃烧性能调控。
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