CN114231335A - 一种复合型脂肪酸及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种复合型脂肪酸及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114231335A CN114231335A CN202111671219.0A CN202111671219A CN114231335A CN 114231335 A CN114231335 A CN 114231335A CN 202111671219 A CN202111671219 A CN 202111671219A CN 114231335 A CN114231335 A CN 114231335A
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- acid
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于脂肪酸的技术领域,具体涉及一种复合型脂肪酸及其制备工艺。所述复合型脂肪酸为如下组分制备得到:脂肪酸、脂肪醇及其衍生物以及二元酸,使用摩尔比为1:(0.05~0.20):(0.05~0.20)。其制备为将脂肪醇及其衍生物、二元酸混合,之后加入催化剂,搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至70~130℃,搅拌进行酯化反应4~6h,得到中间产品,之后投入脂肪酸,再加入催化剂,控制温度至80~140℃,搅拌4~13h,之后降温至80~100℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品本发明的复合型脂肪酸具有凝固点低、耐氧化、抗硬水等优异特点,具备良好的润滑性以及对有色金属更好的保护作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于脂肪酸的技术领域,具体涉及一种复合型脂肪酸及其制备工艺。
背景技术
脂肪酸主要分为动物脂肪酸和植物脂肪酸,动物脂肪酸凝固点高,目前用在金属加工液中作为油性剂主要以植物油酸为主。植物油酸也分饱和与不饱和脂肪酸,主要是以C16,C18油酸为主。
传统技术中,金属加工液的领域中,植物油酸量大,易得,价格适中,通常作为首选用于金属加工液配方中作为油性剂,与胺中和作为乳化剂防锈剂等。
但目前的脂肪酸多属于混合油酸为主,大部分以饱和脂肪酸为主,少部分为不饱和脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸则会存在易氧化,抗硬水差,泡沫高,凝固点高等缺点,而这些缺点限制了脂肪酸配方在高硬水,高压力,没有加温设备的场合使用。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种复合型脂肪酸及其制备工艺,具有凝固点低、耐氧化、抗硬水等优异特点,具备良好的润滑性以及对有色金属更好的保护作用。
本发明的技术内容如下:
本发明提供了一种复合型脂肪酸,所述复合型脂肪酸为如下组分制备得到:脂肪酸、脂肪醇及其衍生物以及二元酸,使用摩尔比为1:(0.05~0.20):(0.05~0.20);
所述脂肪酸包括C6-C22的带支链的脂肪酸,具体包括异壬酸、异构癸酸、蓖麻油酸、豆油酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、油酸中的一种或以上的混合物;
所述脂肪醇及其衍生物包括2-丁醇、叔丁醇、环己醇、正癸醇、正十二烷醇、C6-C9脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或以上的混合物;
所述二元酸包括癸二酸、十一碳二元酸、十二碳二元酸、二十一碳二元酸中的一种或以上的混合物。
本发明还提供了一种复合型脂肪酸的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
将脂肪醇及其衍生物、二元酸混合,之后加入催化剂,搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至70~130℃,搅拌进行酯化反应4~6h,得到中间产品,之后投入脂肪酸,再加入催化剂,控制温度至80~140℃,搅拌4~13h,之后降温至80~100℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品;
所述脂肪醇及其衍生物、二元酸的混合摩尔比(0.05~0.20):(0.05~0.20),优选地,混合摩尔比为(0.05~0.10):(0.05~0.15);
所述催化剂包括单丁基氧化锡、钛酸酯、对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、甲基磺酸、硫酸、磷酸、次亚磷酸和硫酸氢钠中的一种或以上的混合物;
所述催化剂的加入量一次为0.003~0.005wt%。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明的复合型脂肪酸具有凝固点低、耐氧化、抗硬水等优异特点,具备良好的润滑性以及对有色金属更好的保护作用,相比常规使用的脂肪酸,本发明的脂肪酸在保证碳链长度的同时,即保持润滑性的同时还能实现更低的凝固点;
本发明的复合型脂肪酸的制备中,采用脂肪醇及其衍生物、二元酸进行酯化反应之后,加入脂肪酸进行复配得到,形成带环结构,使得所得到的新型脂肪酸具有更低的凝固点和更好的抗硬水能力;以及反应过程中所加入的催化剂,把脂肪酸里的双键打开,提高脂肪酸的抗氧化性能,常规脂肪酸由于不饱和脂肪酸居多,不饱和度越高,后期容易氧化。本发明中,所采用的采用磷酸或者次亚磷酸,对有色金属具有保护作用,不同类型的酸作用,与有色金属表面作用的极性更强,能够更好地隔绝氧气和水分,从而实现保护作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的复合型脂肪酸与常规脂肪酸的抗硬水性测试对比图;
图2为本发明的复合型脂肪酸与常规脂肪酸的铝合金防腐蚀性测试对比图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施案例以及附图说明对本发明作进一步详细的描述,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的保护范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
若无特殊说明,本发明的所有原料和试剂均为常规市场的原料、试剂。
实施例1
一种复合型脂肪酸的制备:
将0.05mol环己醇、0.06mol癸二酸混合,之后加入0.004wt%氨基磺酸,搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至100℃,搅拌进行酯化反应5h,得到中间产品,之后投入1.00mol脂肪酸(蓖麻油酸、月桂酸1:1混合),再加入0.003wt%氨基磺酸,控制温度至130℃,搅拌10h,之后降温至90℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品。
实施例2
一种复合型脂肪酸的制备:
将0.08mol脂肪醇及其衍生物(2-丁醇、C6-C9脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1:1混合)、0.05mol十二碳二元酸混合,之后加入0.004wt%催化剂(对甲苯磺酸、甲基磺酸1:1混合),搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至80℃,搅拌进行酯化反应5h,得到中间产品,之后投入1.00mol脂肪酸(月桂酸、棕榈酸1:1混合),再加入0.004wt%催化剂(对甲苯磺酸、甲基磺酸1:1混合),控制温度至120℃,搅拌13h,之后降温至80℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品。
实施例3
一种复合型脂肪酸的制备:
将0.20mol C6-C9脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、0.20mol二十一碳二元酸混合,之后加入0.005wt%催化剂(硫酸、硫酸氢钠1:1混合),搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至130℃,搅拌进行酯化反应4h,得到中间产品,之后投入1.00mol脂肪酸(豆油酸、月桂酸1:1混合),再加入0.005wt%催化剂(硫酸、硫酸氢钠1:1混合),控制温度至140℃,搅拌4h,之后降温至100℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品。
实施例4
一种复合型脂肪酸的制备:
将0.10mol脂肪醇及其衍生物(环己醇、正癸醇1:1混合)、0.15mol二元酸(癸二酸、十二碳二元酸1:1混合)混合,之后加入0.004wt%催化剂(单丁基氧化锡、钛酸酯1:1混合),搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至100℃,搅拌进行酯化反应6h,得到中间产品,之后投入1.00mol蓖麻油酸,再加入0.004wt%催化剂(单丁基氧化锡、钛酸酯1:1混合),控制温度至100℃,搅拌10h,之后降温至80℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品。
实施例5
一种复合型脂肪酸的制备:
将0.10mol叔丁醇、0.10mol十一碳二元酸混合,之后加入0.003wt%磷酸,搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至80℃,搅拌进行酯化反应4h,得到中间产品,之后投入1.00mol脂肪酸(异壬酸、油酸1:1混合),再加入0.003wt%次亚磷酸,控制温度至120℃,搅拌6h,之后降温至90℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品。
实施例6
一种复合型脂肪酸的制备:
将0.15mol脂肪醇及其衍生物(2-丁醇、正十二烷醇1:1混合)、0.15mol癸二酸混合,之后加入0.003wt%磷酸,搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至70℃,搅拌进行酯化反应4h,得到中间产品,之后投入1.00mol脂肪酸(异壬酸、异构癸酸1:1混合),再加入0.003wt%磷酸,控制温度至100℃,搅拌4h,之后降温至100℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品。
将实施例1~6所制备的复合型脂肪酸产品进行如下性能测试:
1.润滑性测试
准备好润滑油抗磨试验机,品牌为精钻,型号是280W数显款,油杯清洗干净,砂轮打磨平滑。将以上各实施例样品倒入油杯三分之二处,调节好杆杠,放上钢珠并锁紧。启动电机运作,然后每隔5s,在长杆杠端部逐个加上砝码,每个砝码(家用轿车)相当于摩擦副承载100公斤的压力。记录砝码个数,看电流表指针的变化,指针加大,证明耗电加大,耗电既是耗油。噪声逐渐增大,继续加砝码,直至磨轮停转,机器抱死,需立即关掉电源。并取下砝码,取下短杆杠,观察圆柱磨块的磨痕深度,磨痕面积及磨痕粗糙度。长杆杠末端试验力计算公式为0.6(每个砝码的重量)×1(砝码个数)×14(杆杠比)=公斤,或者换算公斤力是0.6(每个砝码数量)×1(砝码个数)×14(杠杆比)×9.8N/m=公斤力。
结果如表1所示:
表1润滑性测试结果
样品 | 试验结果 |
实施例1 | 84.6kg |
实施例2 | 87.6kg |
实施例3 | 86.0kg |
实施例4 | 92.4kg |
实施例5 | 84.0kg |
实施例6 | 92.4kg |
常规脂肪酸(C18油酸) | 74.0kg |
由表1可见,本发明所制备的复合型脂肪酸的润滑性能明显优于常规脂肪酸。
2.凝固点测试
准备好全自动凝点倾点测定仪,将实施例分别加入到凝点专用玻璃试管,塞好带有温度计的塞子,放入测试仪中。等待玻璃试管内液体凝固后,拿起玻璃试管倒立,待液体流动的温度则是该液体的凝固点。
结果如表2所示:
表2凝固点测试结果
由表2可见,本发明所制备的复合型脂肪酸的凝固点均低于常规脂肪酸,最低可为0℃。
3.抗硬水性测试
将实施例5、6的复合型脂肪酸与醇胺中和后,加入不同硬度的水中,然后放入量筒中,观察其溶液的透明度及是否析油析皂。本试验待测样品是实施例与陶氏三乙醇胺二比一中和后所得样品,然后将其配成100g的5%硬水溶液;
所用的硬水是以8000ppm硬度的水为基准去配置低于8000硬度的水溶液,8000ppm硬水的配置方法为:称取氯化钙2.78g和六水氯化镁8.46g于1000ml容量瓶中,用蒸馏水溶解稀释至刻度,最后摇匀即可。
测试结果如图1所示,由图可见,本发明实施例5、6的复合型脂肪酸相比常规脂肪酸(C18油酸),在800ppm硬水下,透明度更高,具有比常规脂肪酸更佳的抗硬水能力。
4.铝合金腐蚀性测试
将型号分别是6061,7071,ADC12的铝片,在230目的砂纸上打磨平整光亮,并用酒精清洗干净。
将实施例6的复合型脂肪酸与陶氏三乙醇胺摩尔比2:1中和后所得样品,然后将其配成100g的5%自来水溶液。将以上打磨好的三种铝合金半浸泡放入待测工作液中,并至于55℃烘箱中烘3h。
测试结果如图2所示,由图可见,相比常规脂肪酸(C18油酸),本发明实施例6对铝合金的防腐蚀性更强。
Claims (9)
1.一种复合型脂肪酸,其特征在于,所述复合型脂肪酸为如下组分制备得到:脂肪酸、脂肪醇及其衍生物以及二元酸,使用摩尔比为1:(0.05~0.20):(0.05~0.20)。
2.由权利要求1所述的复合型脂肪酸,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸包括C6-C22的带支链的脂肪酸,具体包括异壬酸、异构癸酸、蓖麻油酸、豆油酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、油酸中的一种或以上的混合物。
3.由权利要求1所述的复合型脂肪酸,其特征在于,所述脂肪醇及其衍生物包括2-丁醇、叔丁醇、环己醇、正癸醇、正十二烷醇、C6-C9脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或以上的混合物。
4.由权利要求1所述的复合型脂肪酸,其特征在于,所述二元酸包括癸二酸、十一碳二元酸、十二碳二元酸、二十一碳二元酸中的一种或以上的混合物。
5.一种权利要求1~4任一项所述的复合型脂肪酸的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将脂肪醇及其衍生物、二元酸混合,之后加入催化剂,搅拌均匀,在氮气保护下,升温至70~130℃,搅拌进行酯化反应4~6h,得到中间产品,之后投入脂肪酸,再加入催化剂,控制温度至80~140℃,搅拌4~13h,之后降温至80~100℃,进行真空脱水处理,即得到复合型脂肪酸产品。
6.由权利要求5所述的复合型脂肪酸的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述脂肪醇及其衍生物、二元酸的混合摩尔比为(0.05~0.20):(0.05~0.20)。
7.由权利要求5所述的复合型脂肪酸的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述脂肪醇及其衍生物、二元酸的混合摩尔比为(0.05~0.10):(0.05~0.15)。
8.由权利要求5所述的复合型脂肪酸的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述催化剂包括单丁基氧化锡、钛酸酯、对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、甲基磺酸、硫酸、磷酸、次亚磷酸和硫酸氢钠中的一种或以上的混合物。
9.由权利要求5或8所述的复合型脂肪酸的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述催化剂的加入量一次为0.003~0.005wt%。
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