CN1142260A - 返回行程改进的盘式制动器 - Google Patents

返回行程改进的盘式制动器 Download PDF

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CN1142260A
CN1142260A CN94194720.3A CN94194720A CN1142260A CN 1142260 A CN1142260 A CN 1142260A CN 94194720 A CN94194720 A CN 94194720A CN 1142260 A CN1142260 A CN 1142260A
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布斯奎斯·J·鲁泽
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AlliedSignal Europe Services Techniques
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/228—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a separate actuating member for each side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/22655—Constructional details of guide pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/227—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing by two or more pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0016—Brake calipers
    • F16D2055/0029—Retraction devices

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及盘式制动器，包括：跨装在制动盘(2)上的卡钳(1)；固定在车辆上的叉(3)；与卡钳相连由一个活塞(5)闭合的制动缸(4)；至少一个导向柱(6，7)；一个导向柱在其中滑动的盲孔(8，9)及两个制动块(10、11)。导向柱和盲孔相对于制动缸以如下方式配置，即：当制动器作用时，盲孔底部的空气被压缩，如此封闭的空气在制动器温度升高的作用下膨胀，可保证卡钳正常返回到其起始位置。

Description

返回行程改进的盘式制动器
本发明涉及机动车的盘式制动器，它包括：
—两个制动件，一个相对于另一个活动，其中一件是跨装在制动盘上的卡钳，另一件是固定在车辆上的叉；
—压紧装置，具有一个与卡钳相连的制动缸，及一个与制动盘相对并由一个活塞闭合的开口；
—导向装置，在压紧装置动作时，可使卡钳相对于叉滑动，上述导向装置至少包括一个固定在两个制动件之一上的导向柱和一个钻在另一个制动件上的盲孔，导向柱在盲孔中滑动，该导向柱和盲孔分别构成第一和第二导向构件，第一和第二导向构件的前部分别由导向柱的自由端和盲孔的开口构成，后部分别由导向柱的连接端和盲孔的底部构成，一个可弹性变形的环形套筒套在盲孔的开口和导向柱上；
—两个制动块，朝向制动盘的两个相对面，夹在活塞以及卡钳之间，在压紧装置作用时，压附在制动盘上。
这类制动器在现有技术中早已为人所熟知，例如如文献FR-A-2353755或相应文献GB-A-1572451所述。
在这类“滑动卡钳”式制动器中存在的由来已久的问题是制动器作用后，卡钳返回其起始位置的问题。
实际上，与直接由制动液压油驱动的活塞相反，卡钳只靠制动块之一上的活塞在该制动块压在制动盘上时的机械反作用驱动，此时，卡钳须在一个或几个导向柱上滑动，以返回到初始位置，所以其返程较困难。
在这种条件下，由于制动块朝向的制动盘的面与活塞朝向的面相反，经常发生制动块甚至在制动器不启动时也磨擦到制动盘的现象，制动块过早磨损，使车辆不适宜地减速。
处在这种形势中，本发明旨在提出一种结构简单、但在制动器放松之后卡钳可正常返回起始位置的滑动卡钳型盘式制动器。
为此，符合上述内空的本发明的制动器还具有如下主要特征：卡钳上的至少一个导向构件的后部比该导向构件的前部离制动缸的底部远；可从盲孔排出的空气至少有一部分封闭在所述套筒中。
在上述条件下，关闭在盲孔和/或套筒中的空气，由于制动块摩擦制动盘，使温度升高而膨胀，从而施加一个沿着一个或几个导向柱轴线方向的力，将卡钳重新推向其起始位置。
根据本发明第一个可能的实施例，导向柱装在卡钳上，在叉上钻的盲孔的开口与制动缸开口的朝向相同。
根据本发明第二个可能的实施例，导向柱装在叉上，在卡钳上钻的盲孔的开口所对的方向与制动缸的开口的朝向相反。
本发明的其他特征和优点，通过下列示意性、非局限的说明并参照附图将更为清楚，附图中，
—图1为与本发明不相符的制动器的局部剖开的俯视图；
图2为根据本发明第一实施例的制动器的局部剖视图；
—图3为根据本发明第二实施例的制动器的局部剖视图；
—图4为第一实施例的一个变型的制动器的剖视图；
—图5为沿图4中V-V线的剖视图。
如图1所示，图1表示的只是本发明的一般领域，本发明涉及机动车的盘式制动器，该类混合式或非混合式的制动器具有：
—两个制动件，一个相对另一个活动，其中一件是跨装在制动盘2上的的卡钳1，另一件是固定在车辆上的叉3；
—压紧装置，具有一个与卡钳1连接的制动缸4和一个与制动盘相对、由一个活塞5闭合的开口4a；
—导向装置，在压紧装置动作时，可使卡钳1相对叉3滑动，上述导向装置至少有一个固定在两个制动件之一上的导向柱，如6、7，和一个在另一个制动件上钻的盲孔，如8、9，各导向柱在盲孔中滑动；
—两个朝向制动盘的两个相对面2a、2b的制动块10、11，夹在活塞5和卡钳1的一个蹄片1a之间，当压紧装置作用时，贴在制动盘上。
每个导向柱6或7和与之相对应的盲孔8、9分别构成第一和第二导向构件，其中每一个都有一个用符号“a”标记的前部和一个用符号“P”标记的后部。
更确切地说，每个导向柱6、7的前部由导向柱的自由端6a、7a构成，而每个导向柱6、7的后部由导向柱的连接端6p、7p构成。
每个盲孔8、9的前部由该盲孔的开口8a、9a构成，而每个盲孔8、9的后部由盲孔的底部8p、9p构成。
此外，一个可弹性变形的环形套筒12、13采用例如波纹套型，最好完全密封，套在每个盲孔的开口8a、9a和相应的导向柱6、7上。
根据本发明，如图2至图5所示，卡钳上的至少一个导向构件的后部比该导向构件的前部离制动缸的底部远。
例如，在图2和图4上，卡钳上装有两个导向柱6、7，导向柱6的后部6p比该导向柱的前部6a离制动缸4的底部远，导向柱7的情况也一样。在此条件下，叉3上钻的盲孔8的开口8a和制动缸4的开口4a朝向相同的方向D，盲孔9也一样。
在图3上，卡钳上钻有两个导向盲孔8和9，盲孔8的后部8p比该盲孔的前部8a离制动缸4的底部远，盲孔9也如此。在此条件下，钻在卡钳1上的盲孔8的开口8a的朝向与制动缸4的开口4a朝向的方向D相反，盲孔9也一样。
在所有的实施例中，例如当导向柱6进入盲孔8时，可以从盲孔8中排出的空气中至少有一部分封在套筒12内，这里，导向柱7、盲孔9和套筒13的情况是相同的。
借助于这种配置，这部分空气不管是在盲孔的底部还是在套筒的内部，都可将卡钳重新推回到起始位置。
图4和图5所示为图3的制动器的实施变型。
在该变型中，离活塞5最远的制动块11直接由卡钳1支撑，制动块11具有长形开口11a、11b，导向柱6、7的末端6p、7p插在上述开口中，无法转动，通过螺钉14、15将卡钳1和制动块11在末端6p、7p固定。
由于这样的配置，制动块11本身代替了叉的外部，加强了制动器的刚度。
此外，制动块11在压紧时可阻止导向柱转动，且组件便于卡钳的折卸。

Claims (5)

1.机动车的盘式制动器，它包括：
—两个一个相对于另一个活动的制动件，其中一件是跨装在制动盘(2)上的卡钳(1)，另一件是固定在车辆上的叉(3)；
—压紧装置，具有一个与卡钳相连的制动缸(4)和一个在制动盘的对面由活塞(5)闭合的开口(4a)；
—导向装置，在压紧装置作用时，使卡钳相对于叉滑动，上述导向装置至少有一个固定在制动件(1、3)之一上的导向柱(6、7)，和一个钻在另一个制动件(3、1)上的盲孔(8、9)，导向柱在盲孔中滑动，导向柱和盲孔分别构成第一和第二导向构件，它们的前部(6a、7a、8a、9a)分别由导向柱的自由端和盲孔的开口构成，后部(6p、7p、8p、9p)分别由导向柱的连接端和盲孔的底部构成；一个可弹性变形的环形套筒(12、13)套在盲孔的开口(8a、9a)和导向柱(6、7)上；
—两个朝向制动盘(2)的两个相对面(2a、2b)的制动块(10、11)，夹在活塞和卡钳之间，当压紧装置作用时，压在制动盘上；
其特征是：卡钳(1)的至少一个导向构件的后部(6p、7p、8p、9p)比该导向构件的前部(6a、7a、8a、9a)离制动缸(4)的底部远，可从盲孔(8、9)中排出的空气至少有一部分封闭在所述套筒(12、13)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盘式制动器，其特征是，导向柱在卡钳上，钻在叉(3)上的孔的开口(8a、9a)的朝向与制动缸(4)的开口(4a)的方向(D)相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的盘式制动器，其特征是，导向柱在叉(3)上，钻在卡钳上的孔的开口(8a、9a)的朝向与制动缸的开口(4a)所朝的方向(D)相反。
4.根据权利要求2所述的盘式制动器，其特征是，一个制动块(11)固定在卡钳(1)上，卡钳上带有两个导向柱(6、7)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的盘式制动器，其特征是，固定在卡钳上的制动块由两个导向柱(6、7)穿过，制动块具有长形开口(11a、11b)，在这些开口中，导向柱无法转动。
CN94194720A 1994-01-07 1994-12-22 返回行程改进的盘式制动器 Expired - Fee Related CN1069745C (zh)

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FR9400125A FR2714945B1 (fr) 1994-01-07 1994-01-07 Frein à disque à recul amélioré.

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EP (1) EP0719391B1 (zh)
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BR (1) BR9408486A (zh)
CO (1) CO4370793A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69406301T2 (zh)
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JP3103950B2 (ja) * 1992-03-24 2000-10-30 日信工業株式会社 ピンスライド型車両用ディスクブレーキのキャリパ支持構造

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104204598A (zh) * 2012-04-11 2014-12-10 丰田自动车株式会社 盘式制动器
US9758134B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2017-09-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Disk brake
CN107466346A (zh) * 2015-04-14 2017-12-12 克诺尔轨道车辆系统有限公司 用于固定制动钳的装置
CN107466346B (zh) * 2015-04-14 2019-04-12 克诺尔轨道车辆系统有限公司 用于固定制动钳的装置

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FR2714945B1 (fr) 1996-03-01
EP0719391A1 (fr) 1996-07-03
EP0719391B1 (fr) 1997-10-15
DE69406301D1 (de) 1997-11-20
JPH09507286A (ja) 1997-07-22
CO4370793A1 (es) 1996-10-07
US5749445A (en) 1998-05-12
WO1995018928A1 (fr) 1995-07-13
DE69406301T2 (de) 1998-02-26
CN1069745C (zh) 2001-08-15
ES2109085T3 (es) 1998-01-01
BR9408486A (pt) 1997-08-26
FR2714945A1 (fr) 1995-07-13
RU2124658C1 (ru) 1999-01-10

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