CN114213498B - 一种从蟾蜍毒素中制备蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法及其用途 - Google Patents
一种从蟾蜍毒素中制备蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114213498B CN114213498B CN202210009684.6A CN202210009684A CN114213498B CN 114213498 B CN114213498 B CN 114213498B CN 202210009684 A CN202210009684 A CN 202210009684A CN 114213498 B CN114213498 B CN 114213498B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种从蟾蜍毒素中制备蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法及其用途,该方法以蟾蜍毒素为原料,先利用超临界流体萃取脂肪酸成分,脱脂之后的毒素再用PBS缓冲溶液低温搅拌提取蛋白,离心,然后将沉淀物用乙醇溶剂提取,减压浓缩回收溶剂,得到浸膏蟾蜍二烯内酯;并对其进行定性定量分析,结果显示含有9个蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物主成分,同时总蟾蜍二烯内酯类成分含量高于85%,符合中药有效部位总提取物含量达到50%以上的要求。进行体外抗炎和抗肿瘤活性测定,实验结果表明,从蟾蜍毒素中提取蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物对环氧化酶‑2表现出不同程度的活性,可用于制备抗炎药物。同时对人乳腺癌细胞MCF‑7、结肠癌细胞HT29和人宫颈癌细胞Hela表现出不同程度的细胞毒活性,可用于制备抗肿瘤药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及民族医药技术领域,具体涉及从蟾蜍毒素中制备蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法及其在药物制备中的应用。
背景技术
蟾蜍(学名:Bufo viridis)为蟾蜍科蟾蜍属的两栖动物,分布在欧洲大陆、亚洲和北非。在中国,分布于西藏、新疆等地,常见于沼泽水坑、沙漠边缘绿洲以及半咸水。其生存的海拔上限为4500米。蟾蜍毒素存在于中华大蟾蜍、黑蟾蜍或同属其它种蟾蜍耳后及皮肤分泌的白色浆液中,主要成分有脂蟾毒配基、华蟾酥毒基、华蟾蛛它灵、蟾蛛它灵、日本蟾蛛它灵、蟾蛛灵等。蟾蛛毒素具有强心、麻醉、解毒、止痛、开窍、醒神等药理作用,己被广泛应用于临床。近年来发现,含有蟾蛛毒素的中药制剂在体外能抑制多种肿瘤细胞生长,诱导白血病细胞分化。临床观察提示,含有蟾蛤毒素的中药制剂对肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、白血病等具有明显的抑制作用。
炎症为常见的基本的病理过程,炎症是机体对外界刺激的一种防御性反应,过度或持续的炎症反应可引起组织损伤和机能障碍。花生四烯酸代谢网络是炎症代谢网络中的一个核心网络,当致炎因子入侵细胞时,磷脂被磷脂酶A2(PLA2)催化,发生花生四烯酸(AA)的炎症级联代谢,花生四烯酸主要的代谢途径是通过环氧酶(COX)的作用生成前列腺素(PGs),以及通过脂氧合酶(LOX)的作用生成白三烯(LTs)两条路径。PGE2是PGs的一种,有极强的致炎作用,PGE2不仅能介导发热及疼痛发生,还可刺激炎症因子的产生。LTs是一种促炎症脂质介质,其在急性和慢性炎症、哮喘、过敏性炎症、类风湿性关节炎等疾病中都起着重要的作用。
在辅助因子(辅助因子)存在的情况下,环氧化酶-2使用其环氧化酶(COX)活性把花生四烯酸(Arachidonic Acid)等底物环氧化生成PGG2等中间产物,继而环氧化酶-2使用其过氧化物酶(peroxidase)活性把PGG2等中间产物催化生成PGH2等最终产物,同时把几乎没有荧光的环氧化酶-2探针(荧光探针)催化生成有强荧光的探针(Ex560/Em590)。这样通过荧光检测就可以非常灵敏地检测环氧化酶-2的酶活性。如果在反应中加入环氧化酶-2抑制剂(Inhibitor),荧光的生成就会被抑制,荧光强度与抑制剂的抑制效果成反比,这样就可以检测出抑制剂的抑制效果。本反应生成的强荧光探针的最大激发波长为571nm,最大发射波长为585nm,推荐检测时的激发波长为560nm,发射波长为590nm。其基本原理:筛选环氧化酶-2抑制剂的原理图荧光探针*表示催化生成的强荧光探针:
生物大分子药物,由于具有高活性、强特异性、低毒性和生物功能明确等特点越来越受到人们的重视,但人们对动物类中药的蛋白类大分子成分的研究还相对较少。近些年来,人们对使用天然来源的大分子,例如核酸和蛋白质的替代药物越来越感兴趣,它们广泛存在于自然界中,并与中药中的小分子次级代谢产物一起发挥有效作用。研究发现蟾蜍毒素里含有大量的蛋白多肽等大分子活性成分,能够最大程度的利用这些活性成分也至关重要。目前提取蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法都浪费或者破坏了蟾蜍里的蛋白多肽成分,使得本领域的技术人员迫切希望利用物料特性,开发一种改进的总蟾蜍二烯内酯有效部位的制备方法,同时又高效利用蟾蜍毒素里的蛋白多肽成分,丰富蟾蜍毒素的利用价值。
发明内容
本发明目的在于,提供一种从蟾蜍毒素中制备蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法及其用途,该方法以蟾蜍毒素为原料,先利用超临界流体萃取脂肪酸成分,脱脂之后的毒素再用PBS缓冲溶液低温搅拌提取蛋白,离心,然后将沉淀物用乙醇溶剂提取,减压浓缩回收溶剂,得到浸膏蟾蜍二烯内酯;并对其进行定性定量分析,结果显示含有9个蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物主成分,同时总蟾蜍二烯内酯类成分含量高于85%,符合中药有效部位总提取物含量达到50%以上的要求。进行体外抗炎和抗肿瘤活性测定,实验结果表明,从蟾蜍毒素中提取蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物对环氧化酶-2表现出不同程度的活性,可用于制备抗炎药物。同时对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、结肠癌细胞HT29和人宫颈癌细胞Hela表现出不同程度的细胞毒活性,可用于制备抗肿瘤药物。
本发明所述的一种从蟾蜍毒素中制备总蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法,按下列步骤进行:
a、采用刮浆法获得蟾蜍毒素:将蟾蜍清洗干净后晾干身体表面的水分,抓住蟾蜍的后腹部,用拇指按压其背部,其余四指轻轻压住腹部,使耳后腺充满白色浆液后,然后用金属夹刮取蟾蜍头部两侧耳根附近的大疣粒和背部的大小疣粒得到毒液,将毒液刮下来后装入非铁的容器中,得到蟾蜍毒素,冷冻保存;
b、将步骤a得到的蟾蜍毒素先利用超临界流体萃取脂肪酸成分,萃取温度4-20℃,萃取压力25-45MPa,萃取时间1-3h,CO2流量20-80m L/min,脱脂之后的毒素再用pH6.5-7.5,浓度0.02-1M的磷酸盐缓冲溶液温度14-20℃,搅拌提取蛋白1-3次,离心,然后将沉淀物用浓度为70-95%乙醇溶剂提取,减压浓缩回收溶剂,得到总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏;
c、将步骤b得到的总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏进行定性分析,将蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏用甲醇-水溶解,经高效液相色谱法进行分离,洗脱剂为体积比10:90—90:10的乙腈-水,采用等度或梯度洗脱,采取高效液相色谱分析法检测分析,经核磁和高分辨质谱技术鉴定得到9个蟾蜍毒素中的蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物,其结构式为:
其中:
化合物D-1名称为:去乙酰蟾蜍它灵;
化合物D-2名称为:蟾毒灵3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷;
化合物D-3名称为:(3β,5β,10β,14β)-3,5,10,14-tetrahydroxy-19-norbufa-20,22-dienolide-3-(14-hydroxytetradecanoic acid)ester;
化合物D-4名称为:沙蟾毒精;
化合物D-5名称为:蟾蜍它里定;
化合物D-6名称为Telocinobufagenin;
化合物D-7名称为Marinobufagenin;
化合物D-8名称为:蟾毒灵;
化合物D-9名称为:酯蟾毒配基。
所述方法获得的浸膏蟾蜍二烯内酯部位和9个蟾蜍二烯内酯单体化合物在制备抗炎药物中的用途。
所述方法获得的浸膏蟾蜍二烯内酯部位和9个蟾蜍二烯内酯单体化合物在制备抗肿瘤人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、结肠癌细胞HT29和人宫颈癌细胞Hela的药物中的用途。
本发明所述的一种从蟾蜍毒素中制备总蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法,该方法提高了蟾蜍毒素的利用率,可以有效避免毒素中的蛋白多肽成分被破坏,提高蟾蜍毒素利用价值。本发明方法简单,条件温和,收率高,有机溶剂利用少,可实现线性放大,适合工业化生产,开发价值利用高。
本发明所述的一种从蟾蜍毒素中制备总蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法,对获得的蟾蜍二烯内酯部位进行定性分析,从蟾蜍二烯内酯部位分离纯化得到的9个单体化合物,其中:
化合物D-1为去乙酰蟾蜍它灵,白色针状结晶,ESI-MS(m/z):403[M+H]+,分子式为C24H34O5;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H核磁(600MHz,Methanol-d4)δ7.96(1H,dd,J=9.6,2.4Hz,H-22),7.45(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-21),6.28(1H,d,J=9.4Hz,H-23),4.06(1H,t,J=6.4Hz,H-16),3.69(1H,br s,H-3),2.60(1H,d,J=7.4Hz,H-15),2.36(1H,d,J=6.4Hz,H-16),2.21(1H,d,J=6.4Hz,H-17),1.08(3H,s,H-19),0.74(3H,s,H-18).13C核磁(Methanol-d4,150MHz)δ164.8(C-24),150.6(C-21),149.2(C-22),124.6(C-20),115.5(C-23),85.4(C-14),69.3(C-11),68.0(C-3),52.1(C-17),51.7(C-12),50.1(C-13),42.9(C-9),39.2(C-5),37.7(C-10),34.8(C-4),33.4(C-15),29.7(C-16),29.4(C-2),28.2(C-6),24.5(C-19),22.7(C-7),18.3(C-18)。
化合物D-2为蟾毒灵3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,白色无定形粉末,ESI-MS(m/z):549[M+H]+,分子式为C30H44O9;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H核磁(Methanol-d4,600MHz):δ8.03(1H,dd,J=9.6,2.4Hz,H-22),7.45(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-21),6.30(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-23),4.37(1H,d,J=7.8Hz,sugar H-1),4.12(1H,m,H-3),3.88(1H,d,J=11.9,1.8Hz),3.71(1H,dd,J=5.4Hz),2.56-2.52(1H,m,H-17),0.95(3H,s,H-19),0.73(3H,s,H-18);13C核磁(Methanol-d4,150MHz):δ164.8(C-24),150.5(C-21),149.4(C-22),125.0(C-20),115.4(C-23),102.7(sugar C-1),86.1(C-14),78.2(sugar C-5),77.84(sugar C-2),75.6(sugar C-4),75.2(sugar C-3),71.8(C-3),61.7(sugar C-6),52.3(C-17),49.8(C-13),43.2(C-9),43.1(C-5),41.9(C-12),37.7(C-8),37.0(C-4),36.3(C-1),35.9(C-10),33.2(C-15),31.3(C-2),29.9(C-16),28.4(C-6),23.8(C-19),22.8(C-7),22.5(C-11),17.3(C-18)。
化合物D-3为(3β,5β,10β,14β)-3,5,10,14-tetrahydroxy-19-norbufa-20,22-dienolide-3-(14-hydroxytetradecanoic acid)ester,白色无定形粉末,ESI-MS(m/z):653[M+Na]+,分子式为C37H58O8;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H核磁(Methanol-d4,600MHz):1H核磁(Methanol-d4,400MHz):δ8.01(1H,dd,J=9.4,2.4Hz,H-22),7.43(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-21),6.28(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-23),5.08(1H,br,s,H-3),3.51(2H,t,H-14’),2.56(1H,dd,J=9.4,6.5Hz,H-17),0.73(3H,s,H-18).13C核磁(Methanol-d4,150MHz):δ175.1(C-1’)164.8(C-24),150.5(C-21),149.4(C-22),125.1(C-20),115.4(C-23),86.1(C-14),76.6(C-5),74.1(C-10),71.1(C-3),52.3(C-17),63.6(C-14’),49.6(C-13),41.9(C-9),41.7(C-12),41.7(C-8),38.6(C-4),37.7(C-12’),36.3(C-6),35.5(C-2’),33.2(C-15),30.8(C-2),30.2(C-4’),30.8(C-5’),30.2(C-6’),30.6(C-7’),30.6(C-8’),30.6(C-9’),30.6(C-10’),30.6(C-11’),33.1(C-13’),26.1(C-1),26.0(C-3’)29.9(C-16),24.3(C-7),22.5(C-11),17.3(C-18)。
化合物D-4名称为沙蟾毒精,为白色无定型粉末,ESI-MS(m/z):417[M+H]+,分子式为C24H32O6;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H核磁(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:7.80(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-21),7.57(1H,dd,J=9.6,2.4Hz,H-22),6.31(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-23),4.95(1H,s,14-OH),4.46(1H,d,J=4.8Hz,11-OH),4.25(1H,dd,J=11.4,4.8Hz,H-11),4.13(1H,d,J=3.0Hz,3-OH),3.97(1H,m,H-17),3.84(1H,br s,H-3),1.06(3H,s,H-19),0.79(3H,s,H-18).13C-核磁(150MHz,Methanol-d4)
δ215.0(C-12),164.5(C-24),151.6(C-21),149.1(C-22),123.2(C-20),115.9(C-23),86.2(C-14),75.0(C-11),67.7(C-3),63.8(C-13),42.0(C-9),41.5(C-17),40.8(C-8),39.2(C-5),38.2(C-10),34.6(C-15),33.2(C-4),33.0(C-1),29.3(C-2),29.1(C-16),27.8(C-6),24.0(C-19),22.8(C-7),18.0(C-18)。
化合物D-5名称为蟾蜍它里定,为白色无定型粉末,ESI-MS(m/z):417[M+H]+,分子式为C24H32O6;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H核磁(600MHz,Methanol-d4)δ10.07(s,1H,H-19),7.99(1H,dd,J=9.7,2.6Hz,H-22),7.43(1H,d,J=2.6Hz,H-21),6.28(1H,d,J=9.7Hz,H-23),4.15(1H,m,H-3)2.56(1H,d,J=10.2Hz,H-17),1.95(1H,td,J=12.4,3.5Hz,H-8),0.69(3H,s,H-18).13C-核磁(150MHz,Methanol-d4)δ210.2(C-19),164.8(C-24),150.6(C-21),149.3(C-22),124.9(C-20),115.5(C-23),85.7(C-14),75.8(C-5),68.0(C-3),56.2(C-10),52.0(C-7),49.6(C-13),43.0(C-8),41.5(C-12),40.6(C-9),38.6(C-4),37.4(C-6),32.3(C-15),29.7(C-6),27.6(C-2),25.2(C-7),23.6(C-11),,18.5(C-1),17.1(C-18)。
化合物D-6名称为Telocinobufagenin,为白色无定型粉末,ESI-MS(m/z):403[M+H]+,分子式为C24H34O5.;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H核磁(600MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.00(1H,dd,J=9.7,2.5Hz,H-22),7.44(1H,dd,J=2.4,0.8Hz,H-21),6.28(1H,dd,J=9.7,0.9Hz,H-23),4.14(1H,m,H-3),2.57(1H,d,J=10.1Hz,H-17),0.94(3Hs,H-19),0.72(3H,s,H-18).13C-核磁(150MHz,Methanol-d4)δ164.8(C-24),150.5(C-21),149.3(C-22),125.0(C-20),115.5(C-23),86.0(C-14),76.2(C-5),69.1(C-3),52.1(C-17),49.6(C-13),42.0(C-8),41.9(C-12),40.3(C-9),37.7(C-4),36.0(C-6),33.2(C-15),29.8(C-16),28.5(C-2),26.2(C-1),24.8(C-7),23.0(C-11),17.3(C-19),17.3(C-18)。
化合物D-7名称为Marinobufagenin,为白色无定型粉末,ESI-MS(m/z):401[M+H]+,分子式为C24H32O5.;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H核磁(600MHz,Methanol-d4)δ7.91(1H,dd,J=9.7,2.4Hz,H-22),7.47(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-24),6.28(1H,d,J=9.7Hz,H-23),4.14(1H,m,H-3),3.62(1H,br s,H-15),2.61(1H,d,J=9.7Hz,H-17),2.43(1H,dd,J=15.4,10.2Hz,H-16),2.03(1H,td,J=12.1,4.0Hz,H-8),0.98(3H,s,H-19),0.80(3H,s,H-18).13C-核磁(150MHz,Methanol-d4)δ164.4(C-24),151.8(C-21),149.5(C-22),124.5(C-20),115.4(C-23),76.1(C-14),75.8(C-5),69.0(C-3),61.1(C-15),48.6(C-17),46.1(C-13),43.8(C-9),42.0(C-10),40.3(C-12),37.7(C-4),35.2(C-6),34.1(C-8),33.2(C-16),28.5(C-2),26.1(C-1),24.0(C-7),22.7(C-11),17.3(C-19),17.1(C-18)。
化合物D-8名称为蟾毒灵,为白色无定型粉末,ESI-MS(m/z):387[M+H]+,分子式为C24H34O4.;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H核磁(600MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.00(1H,dd,J=9.7,2.5Hz,H-22),7.43(1H,d,J=2.5Hz,H-21),6.28(1H,d,J=9.7Hz,H-23),4.06(1H,br s,H-3),2.55(1H,dd,J=9.6,6.2Hz,H-17),0.96(3H,s,H-19),0.71(3H,s,H-18).13C-核磁(150MHz,Methanol-d4)δ164.8(C-24),150.5(C-21),149.4(C-22),125.1(C-20),115.4(C-23),86.2(C-14),67.7(C-3),52.3(C-17),49.8(C-13),43.0(C-8),42.0(C-12),37.5(C-5),36.9(C-9),36.5(C-10),34.2(C-4),33.2(C-15),30.8(C-1),29.9(C-16),28.5(C-2),27.9(C-6),24.3(C-19),22.6(C-11),22.6(C-7),17.3(C-18)。
化合物D-9名称为酯蟾毒配基,ESI-MS(m/z):385[M+H]+,分子式为C24H32O4.;
根据1H、13C核磁共振数据确定其结构,1H-核磁(600MHz,Methanol-d4)δ.78(1H,dd,J=9.8,2.7Hz,H-22),7.24(1H,d,J=2.7Hz,H-21),6.24(1H,d,J=9.8Hz,H-23),4.14(1H,brs,H-3),3.46(1H,d,J=4.5Hz,H-15),2.46(2H,m,H-16),0.78(3H,s,18-H),1.25(3H,s,H-19).13C-核磁(150MHz,Methanol-d4)δ164.5(C-24),151.8(C-21),149.6(C-22),124.6(C-20),115.4(C-23),75.9(C-14),67.6(C-3),61.2(C-15),49.7(C-17),46.3(C-13),40.5(C-12),40.1(C-9),37.4(C-10),36.5(C-5),35.0(C-4),34.1(C-8),33.2(C-1),30.7(C-16),28.5(C-2),27.1(C-6),24.2(C-19),22.2(C-11),21.7(C-7),17.1(C-18)。
附图说明
图1为本发明蟾蜍二烯内酯类总部位HPLC分析图;
图2为本发明抗炎实验结果图。
具体实施方式
所用试剂均为分析纯,高效液相色谱中乙腈为HPLC级别(美国Merk公司)。薄层层析硅胶为GF254,烟台市黄务硅胶开发试验厂生产;Sephadex LH-20凝胶:PharmaciaCompany生产。高效液相色谱(ThermoFisher公司):P680 HPLC泵,ASI-100自动进样器,TCC-100柱温箱,UVD170U紫外检测器(四波长),四元洗脱剂,在线脱气机,Chromeleon色谱工作站。制备高效液相色谱(ThermoFishe公司):P680 HPLC泵,UVD170U紫外检测器(四波长),四元洗脱剂,在线脱气机,Chromeleon色谱工作站。质谱用QSTAR Elite质谱仪(AppliedBiosystems/MDS Sciex公司)测定;核磁共振用Varian V核磁s 600/400型核磁共振仪(美国Varian公司)测定。
蟾蜍毒素采用刮浆法获得。将蟾蜍清洗干净后晾干身体表面的水分,抓住蟾蜍的后腹部,拿到瓷盘前,用拇指按压其背部,其余四指轻轻压住腹部,使耳后腺充满白色浆液后,然后用金属夹刮取蟾蜍头部两侧耳根附近的大疣粒和背部的大小疣粒(刮取时要注意把握力度),将毒液刮下来后装入非铁的容器中,得到蟾蜍毒素,冷冻保存。
实施例1
a、采用刮浆法获得蟾蜍毒素:将蟾蜍清洗干净后晾干身体表面的水分,抓住蟾蜍的后腹部,用拇指按压其背部,其余四指轻轻压住腹部,使耳后腺充满白色浆液后,然后用金属夹刮取蟾蜍头部两侧耳根附近的大疣粒和背部的大小疣粒得到毒液,将毒液刮下来后装入非铁的容器中,得到蟾蜍毒素,冷冻保存;
b、将步骤a得到的蟾蜍毒素2g先利用超临界流体萃取脂肪酸成分,萃取温度10℃,萃取压力25MPa,萃取时间1h,CO2流量40m L/min,脱脂之后的毒素再用pH6.5,浓度0.02M的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,温度14℃,搅拌提取蛋白2次,离心,上清液用TLC板点板显色检测分析无小分子化合物,然后将沉淀物用浓度为95%乙醇溶剂提取,减压浓缩回收溶剂,得到总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏;
c、将步骤b得到的总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏进行定性分析,将蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏用甲醇-水溶解,经高效液相色谱法(柱子型号:X-Select C18 5μm 10*200mm)进行分离,洗脱剂为体积比10:90—20:80的乙腈-水,采用梯度洗脱,流速3ml/min,检测波长为320nm,得到单体化合物,然后采取高效液相色谱分析法检测分析,经核磁和高分辨质谱技术鉴定为化合物D1。
实施例2
a、采用刮浆法获得蟾蜍毒素:将蟾蜍清洗干净后晾干身体表面的水分,抓住蟾蜍的后腹部,用拇指按压其背部,其余四指轻轻压住腹部,使耳后腺充满白色浆液后,然后用金属夹刮取蟾蜍头部两侧耳根附近的大疣粒和背部的大小疣粒得到毒液,将毒液刮下来后装入非铁的容器中,得到蟾蜍毒素,冷冻保存;
b、将步骤a得到的蟾蜍毒素2g先利用超临界流体萃取脂肪酸成分,萃取温度4℃,萃取压力35MPa,萃取时间1h,CO2流量50m L/min,脱脂之后的毒素再用pH7.2,浓度0.1M的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,温度16℃,搅拌提取蛋白3次,离心,上清液用TLC板检测分析无小分子化合物,然后将沉淀物用浓度为90%乙醇溶剂提取,减压浓缩回收溶剂,得到总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏;
c、将步骤b得到的总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏进行定性分析,将蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏用甲醇-水溶解,经高效液相色谱法(柱子型号:X-Select C18 5μm 10*200mm)进行分离,洗脱剂为体积比60:40的乙腈-水,采用等度洗脱,流速3ml/min,检测波长为320nm,得到单体化合物,然后采取高效液相色谱分析法检测分析,经核磁和高分辨质谱技术鉴定为化合物D8和D9。
实施例3
a、采用刮浆法获得蟾蜍毒素:将蟾蜍清洗干净后晾干身体表面的水分,抓住蟾蜍的后腹部,用拇指按压其背部,其余四指轻轻压住腹部,使耳后腺充满白色浆液后,然后用金属夹刮取蟾蜍头部两侧耳根附近的大疣粒和背部的大小疣粒得到毒液,将毒液刮下来后装入非铁的容器中,得到蟾蜍毒素,冷冻保存;
b、将步骤a得到的蟾蜍毒素2g先利用超临界流体萃取脂肪酸成分,萃取温度15℃,萃取压力45MPa,萃取时间2h,CO2流量20m L/min,脱脂之后的毒素再用pH6.5,浓度0.5M的磷酸盐缓冲溶液温度18℃,搅拌提取蛋白2次,离心,上清液用TLC板检测分析无小分子化合物,然后将沉淀物用浓度为70%乙醇溶剂提取,减压浓缩回收溶剂,得到总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏;
c、将步骤b得到的总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏进行定性分析,将蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏用甲醇-水溶解,经高效液相色谱法(柱子型号:X-Select C18 5μm 10*200mm)进行分离,洗脱剂为体积比30:70的乙腈-水,采用等度洗脱,流速3ml/min,检测波长为320nm,得到单体化合物,然后采取高效液相色谱分析法检测分析,经核磁和高分辨质谱技术鉴定为化合物D2和D3。
实施例4
a、采用刮浆法获得蟾蜍毒素:将蟾蜍清洗干净后晾干身体表面的水分,抓住蟾蜍的后腹部,用拇指按压其背部,其余四指轻轻压住腹部,使耳后腺充满白色浆液后,然后用金属夹刮取蟾蜍头部两侧耳根附近的大疣粒和背部的大小疣粒得到毒液,将毒液刮下来后装入非铁的容器中,得到蟾蜍毒素,冷冻保存;
b、将步骤a得到的蟾蜍毒素2g先利用超临界流体萃取脂肪酸成分,萃取温度20℃,萃取压力40MPa,萃取时间3h,CO2流量80m L/min,脱脂之后的毒素再用pH6.5,浓度1M的磷酸盐缓冲溶液温度20℃,搅拌提取蛋白2次,离心,上清液用TLC板检测分析无小分子化合物,然后将沉淀物用浓度为80%乙醇溶剂提取,减压浓缩回收溶剂,得到总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏;
c、将步骤b得到的总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏进行定性分析,将蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏用甲醇-水溶解,经高效液相色谱法(柱子型号:X-Select C18 5μm 10*200mm)进行分离,洗脱剂为体积比20:80—90:10的乙腈-水,采用梯度洗脱,流速3ml/min,检测波长为320nm,得到单体化合物,然后采取高效液相色谱分析法检测分析,经核磁和高分辨质谱技术鉴定为化合物D4、D5、D6和D7。
实施例5
本发明所述的从蟾蜍毒素中制备蟾蜍二烯内酯总部位和蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物在制备抗炎药物中的用途,进行抗炎活性筛选:
1.样品的准备:
取待测定的抑制剂,用环氧化酶-2检测缓冲液、超纯水、二甲亚砜(DMSO)的溶剂配制溶液,注:抑制剂的稀释和配制使用同一种溶剂;
2.实验的准备:
融解除人重组环氧化酶-2以外的其它所有试剂至室温,略离心使溶液沉淀至管底,再混匀备用,环氧化酶-2荧光探针、环氧化酶-2辅助因子(50X)和环氧化酶-2底物(50X)配制在二甲亚砜(DMSO)中,温度37℃水浴0.5-2min促进融解,使用完毕后立即温度-20℃避光保存;
环氧化酶-2辅助因子工作液的配制:按照每个样品需要5微升环氧化酶-2辅助因子工作液的比例配制的环氧化酶-2辅助因子工作液,取环氧化酶-2辅助因子(50X),按照体积比1:49的比例用环氧化酶-2检测缓冲液稀释,仅限当日使用;
环氧化酶-2工作液的配制:按照每个样品需5微升环氧化酶-2工作液的比例配制适量的环氧化酶-2工作液,取人重组环氧化酶-2(25X),按照1:24的比例用环氧化酶-2检测缓冲液稀释,例如8微升人重组环氧化酶-2(25X)加入192微升环氧化酶-2检测缓冲液配制成200微升环氧化酶-2工作液,配制好的环氧化酶-2工作液可在冰浴上暂时保存,1小时内酶活性基本稳定;
注:所有涉及环氧化酶-2的操作应在冰上进行;
环氧化酶-2底物工作液的配制:按照每个样品需5微升环氧化酶-2底物工作液的比例配制适量的环氧化酶-2底物工作液,取环氧化酶-2底物(50X),加入等体积的底物缓冲液,充分涡旋混匀,该混合物再按照1:24的比例用超纯水或重蒸水稀释,充分涡旋混匀,例如20微升环氧化酶-2底物(50X)加入20微升底物缓冲液,涡旋混匀后,再加入960微升超纯水或重蒸水,再充分涡旋混匀,最终获得1毫升环氧化酶-2底物工作液,配制好的环氧化酶-2底物工作液在冰浴上暂时保存,1小时内较为稳定;注:环氧化酶-2底物工作液也可在样品检测时温度37℃孵育10分钟的过程中配制;
3.样品检测:
使用96孔黑板设置对照孔和样品孔,并按照表1依次加入样品和各溶液,加入待测样品后,混匀,温度37℃孵育10分钟,(注:加入待测样品后的孵育也可以在25℃或室温进行),大多数的抑制剂对环氧化酶-2活性抑制具有时间依赖性,改变与抑制剂的作用时间可以显著改变化合物的IC50值,建议通过测试确定未知抑制剂比较适合的孵育时间,为获得更加可靠的检测结果,建议每个样品至少应该进行2个重复孔的检测表1;
表1
注:*样品溶剂是指配制和稀释待测抑制剂所用的溶剂。
每孔加入环氧化酶-2荧光探针5微升;
每孔快速加入环氧化酶-2底物工作液5微升,混匀,注:加入环氧化酶-2底物工作液后反应即会开始,如果孔数较多,可以在低温操作或使用排枪操作以减小各孔间加入环氧化酶-2底物工作液的时间差而导致的误差,混匀也可以在培养板振荡器上进行;
温度37℃避光孵育5分钟后进行荧光测定,激发波长为560nm,发射波长为590nm,当荧光读数偏低时,也可适当延长孵育时间至10-20分钟;
计算:
计算每个样品孔和空白对照孔的平均荧光值,分别记录为相对荧光单元空白对照、相对荧光单元100%酶活性对照、相对荧光单元阳性抑制剂对照和相对荧光单元样品;
计算每个样品的抑制百分率,计算公式如下:
抑制率(%)=(相对荧光单元100%酶活性对照-相对荧光单元样品)/(相对荧光单元100%酶活性对照-相对荧光单元空白对照)×100%;
其最终实验结果如图1所示,当阳性药塞来昔布终浓度为100nM,抑制率为:72.9%。当样品D1-D9浓度为20μmoL及D10浓度位20μg/mL时,其中D-10为蟾蜍二烯内酯总部位,抑制率如图2所示。
实施例6
本发明所述的从蟾蜍毒素中制备蟾蜍二烯内酯总部位和蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的用途,以人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、结肠癌细胞HT29和人宫颈癌细胞Hela为例:
实验细胞:
人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、结肠癌细胞HT29和人宫颈癌细胞Hela,厂家:中科院上海生命科学院细胞库
实验仪器:
二氧化碳培养箱,厂家:德国Binder公司;
Spectra Max M5多功能酶标仪,厂家:美国Molecular Devices公司;
倒置相差显微镜,厂家:德国Leica公司;
恒温水槽,型号:LH586-1型,厂家:上海市科乐理化机械厂;
电子天平,型号:Sartorius BS110S,厂家:北京赛多利斯天平有限公司;
精密天平,型号:PGL,厂家:艾德姆衡器(武汉)有限公司;
实验试剂:
二甲基亚砜;规格:500mL;性状:无色液体;厂家:上海百赛生物技术股份有限公司;批号:1963C070;
实验内容:
供试样品配制:将蟾蜍毒素分离的蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物用二甲亚砜(DMSO)配置成50mmol浓度的储备液,临用前稀释;将生长在对数生长期的细胞,吸去培养基,磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗一次,胰酶消化,加培养基终止,轻轻吹打,计数,以相应的细胞密度接种在96孔板中(100μl/孔),过夜培养,加化合物(20μl/孔),每一化合物设浓度梯度,每一浓度设3复孔,CO2温度37℃培养箱内培养48小时,吸弃旧培养基,加入噻唑蓝100μl,再继续培养2h,稳固37℃孵育2小时后,使用MB酶标仪测570nm处的光吸收值(OD),实验中以阿霉素(DOX)为阳性对照;
细胞生长抑制率(%)=(对照组OD值-加药组OD值)/(对照组OD值-空白组OD值)
实验结果表2所示:
表2蟾蜍毒素中的蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物的细胞毒活性
D1-9为分离的蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物,D-10为蟾蜍二烯内酯总部位。本发明所述的得到的总部位和单体均对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、结肠癌细胞HT29和人宫颈癌细胞Hela表现出不同程度的细胞毒活性。
Claims (1)
1.一种从蟾蜍毒素中制备总蟾蜍二烯内酯的方法,其特征在于按下列步骤进行:
a、采用刮浆法获得蟾蜍毒素:将蟾蜍清洗干净后晾干身体表面的水分,抓住蟾蜍的后腹部,用拇指按压其背部,其余四指轻轻压住腹部,使耳后腺充满白色浆液后,然后用金属夹刮取蟾蜍头部两侧耳根附近的大疣粒和背部的大小疣粒得到毒液,将毒液刮下来后装入非铁的容器中,得到蟾蜍毒素,冷冻保存;
b、将步骤a得到的蟾蜍毒素先利用超临界流体萃取脂肪酸成分,萃取温度4-20℃,萃取压力25-45MPa,萃取时间1-3h,CO2流量20-80m L/min,脱脂之后的毒素再用pH6.5-7.5,浓度0.02-1M的磷酸盐缓冲溶液温度14-20℃,搅拌提取蛋白1-3次,离心,然后将沉淀物用浓度为70-95%乙醇溶剂提取,减压浓缩回收溶剂,得到总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏;
c、将步骤b得到的总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位浸膏进行定性分析,将总蟾蜍二烯内酯部位部位浸膏用甲醇-水溶解,经高效液相色谱法进行分离,洗脱剂为体积比10:90—90:10的乙腈-水,采用等度或梯度洗脱,采取高效液相色谱分析法检测分析,经核磁和高分辨质谱技术鉴定得到9个蟾蜍毒素中的蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物,其结构式为:
其中:
化合物D-1名称为:去乙酰蟾蜍它灵;
化合物D-2名称为:蟾毒灵3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷;
化合物D-3名称为:(3β,5β,10β,14β)-3,5,10,14-tetrahydroxy-19-norbufa-20,22-dienolide-3-(14-hydroxytetradecanoic acid)ester;
化合物D-4名称为:沙蟾毒精;
化合物D-5名称为:蟾蜍它里定;
化合物D-6名称为Telocinobufagenin;
化合物D-8名称为:蟾毒灵。
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