CN114213300A - 有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法 - Google Patents

有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法 Download PDF

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CN114213300A
CN114213300A CN202210016492.8A CN202210016492A CN114213300A CN 114213300 A CN114213300 A CN 114213300A CN 202210016492 A CN202210016492 A CN 202210016492A CN 114213300 A CN114213300 A CN 114213300A
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stainless steel
milling
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selenium
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魏晓峰
彭程
张继业
陈闪
裴萌瑶
王阳
李霁宇
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Xi'an Aisiyi Biotechnology Co ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Abstract

本发明公开了有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法,属于化学合成技术领域。在球磨机械化学条件下,使用微量溶剂作为助研剂,通过共轭加成或亲核取代反应,一锅法制备具有多样化结构的有机硒化合物。不但避免了含硒化合物合成中所用硒源存储难、毒性大、味道难闻以及有机溶剂的大量使用等问题,且条件更温和、成本更低廉、废物排放少、原子利用率高,更利于有机硒化合物的工业级制备。

Description

有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成技术领域,具体涉及有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法。
背景技术
硒元素是生命体所必须的重要微量元素,也是重要的工业原料。然而,硒元素属于稀散元素,在地壳中的元素丰度仅为0.09微克/克,其高效利用及多样化开发具有重要意义。有机硒化合物近年来在新药研发、催化剂、功能材料以及化学合成研究领域获得了越来越多的关注。传统有机硒化合物的合成需要使用预先制备的活性硒试剂(RSeH、RSeOTs、RSeBr、RSeSeR等),而此类试剂的使用面临诸多问题,如:1.预制备,不稳定,难储存;2.高毒性,气味难闻;3.低原子经济性,低转化率。通过化学转化的方法将无机硒单质直接转化为具有多样化结构与功能的有机硒试剂可以避免上述问题。然而硒单质具有较强的化学稳定性,通常需要高活性有机试剂破坏其聚合状态,此外,硒单质与过渡金属易形成共聚物,从而减弱过渡金属催化剂活性。上述方法通常需要使用金属催化以及高温条件,或需要在超低温严苛环境下使用有机锂试剂、格式试剂及大量超干溶剂,不适合大规模工业生产(Adv.Synth.Catal.2021,363,5386)。因此,开发符合当前绿色化学标准、使用价格低廉、性质安全稳定易于保存的硒源(硒单质),实现无溶剂或微量溶剂体系的有机硒化物的合成方法具有极其重要的工业应用价值。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明公开了有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法,在球磨机械化学条件下,使用微量溶剂作为助研剂,通过共轭加成或亲核取代反应,一锅法制备具有多样化结构的有机硒化合物。不但解决了有机反应中所用硒源存储难、毒性大、味道难闻等问题,且条件更温和,避免了大量有机溶剂的使用,成本更低廉,废物排放少,原子利用率高,更利于有机硒化合物的工业级制备。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法,以硒粉、镁条或镁粉、烷基或芳基卤化物和亲电试剂为原料,有机溶剂为助研剂,以钢球为球磨介质,在5-30Hz条件下振荡0.5-2.0h,即得到有机硒化合物。
进一步地,所述亲电试剂包括α,β-不饱和酯/酰胺/酮类化合物、卤代α-氨基酸、卤代杂环或烷基,结构如下所示:
Figure BDA0003461149600000021
其中,
R1、R2、R3、R4分别为氢、直链烷基、环烷基、烷基氧基、芳香氧基、芳香基、取代芳香基、杂环芳香基、取代杂环芳香基、氨基、亚胺基、仲胺基和稠环中的一种;
R5为直链烷基、环烷基、芳香基、取代芳香基、杂环芳香基、取代杂环芳香基中的一种。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂为亚砜、乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、甲苯、1,4-二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或水。
进一步地,优选溶剂为四氢呋喃。
进一步地,所述硒粉与有机溶剂质量体积比为80mg:(0.05-1)mL。
进一步地,所述硒粉、镁条或镁粉、烷基或芳基卤化物、亲电试剂的摩尔比为(1-1.5):1:(1-1.5):(0.2-0.6)。
本发明还提供一种利用上述方法得到的有机硒化合物,所述有机硒化合物的结构式如下:
Figure BDA0003461149600000031
代表性反应通式如下:
1)1,4加成反应:
Figure BDA0003461149600000041
2)亲核取代反应:
Figure BDA0003461149600000042
其中重要的结构为如下:
Figure BDA0003461149600000043
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明将硒粉、镁条或镁粉、烷基或芳基卤化物和亲电试剂在球磨机械条件下,使用微量溶剂作为助研剂,通过共轭加成或亲核取代反应,一锅法制备具有多样化结构的有机硒化合物。其反应机理为:烷基或芳基卤化物与镁条在球磨机械化学条件下,经氧化加成形成格式试剂后与硒单质反应,一锅法制备有机硒亲核试剂;随后,有机硒亲核试剂与亲电试剂反应获得有机硒化合物。
本发明较传统工艺而言,具有硒源廉价且易得,储存简单,无毒无污染,操作简单,条件温和,安全,废物排放少,原子利用率高(最高可达96.5%),底物范围广等优点,适于包括含硒氨基酸在内的多种含硒有机化合物的工业生产。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法具体包括以下步骤:
1、将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol)、硒粉(7.5eq.,1.5mmol)、烷基或芳基卤化物(5eq.,1.0mmol)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球(10mm,直径),加入THF(四氢呋喃)1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入亲电试剂(1eq.,0.2mmol),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA(乙酸乙酯)从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品。
2、将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol)、硒粉(7.5eq.,1.5mmol)、烷基或芳基卤化物(5eq.,1.0mmol)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球(10mm,直径),加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入亲电试剂(1eq.0.2mmol),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM400,60min,30Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品(仅限于卤代物为烷基取代物)。
3、将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol)、硒粉(7.5eq.,1.5mmol)、烷基或芳基卤化物(5eq.,1.0mmol)和亲电试剂(1eq.0.2mmol)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM400,60min,30Hz);待研磨结束后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleumether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品(见实施例12)。
实施例1
Figure BDA0003461149600000071
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、n-BuI(正丁基碘)(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,170uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,60min,30Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品24.6mg,收率43.3%。(方法2)
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.61(s,1H,),7.52(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.10(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.89(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.74(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.62(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),1.61-1.69(m,2H),1.34-1.44(m,2H),0.9(t,J=8.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,101MHz)δ170.0,138.0,128.6,124.8,119.8,38.7,32.3,24.5,23.1,17.8,13.8;MS:[M+Na]+理论值307.26,实测值307.74。
实施例2
Figure BDA0003461149600000081
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、n-BuBr(正丁基溴)(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,158uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基甲基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,32.2mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,60min,30Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品20.4mg,收率为34.2%。(方法2)
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.53-7.57(m,3H),7.52(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.10(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.91(q,J=4.0Hz,1H),2.54-2.70(m,4H),1.58-1.65(m,2H),1.32-1.41(m,5H),0.88(t,8.0Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,101MHz)δ173.5,138.0,129.2,124.5,120.1,77.6,77.2,76.9,44.1,32.8,27.7,25.3,23.1,18.9,13.8;MS:[M+Na]+理论值321.29,实测值321.73。
实施例3
Figure BDA0003461149600000082
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、1-碘-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,267uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品59.3mg,收率为76.4%。(方法1)
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.55(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.32(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.18(s,1H),7.10-7.14(m,3H),3.24(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.76(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3,101MHz)δ134.6,129.3,124.8,122.0,120.0,77.6,77.2,76.9,38.3,22.9;MS:[M+Na]+理论值266.15,实测值266.15。
实施例4
Figure BDA0003461149600000091
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、1-溴代萘(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,210uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品44.4mg,收率为62.6%。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.41(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.81-7.86(m,3H),7.52-7.56(m,2H),7.44(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.30(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.16(s,1H),7.10(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.25(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.65(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.7,137.8,134.7,134.2,133.3,129.2,129.1,128.9,128.6,127.8,127.1,126.6,126.0,124.6,120.0,77.6,77.2,76.9,38.3,22.8;MS:[M+Na]+理论值377.31,实测值377.67。
实施例5
Figure BDA0003461149600000101
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、2-碘噻吩(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,152uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品59.8mg,收率为80.2%。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.26(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.32(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.23-7.24(m,2H),7.11(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.00(dd,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.10(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.74(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.6,137.8,136.5,131.4,129.2,128.5,124.7,123.0,120.1,77.6,77.2,76.9,38.2,25.9;MS:[M+Na]+理论值333.27,实测值333.63。
实施例6
Figure BDA0003461149600000111
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、3-碘噻吩(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,152uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品54.5mg,收率为87.8%。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.48(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.30-7.36(m,4H),7.21(s,1H),7.09-7.13(m,2H),3.14(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.71(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.6,137.8,132.5,129.3,128.1,127.0,124.7,122.2,120.0,77.6,77.2,76.9,38.5,23.2;MS:[M+Na]+理论值333.27,实测值333.63。
实施例7
Figure BDA0003461149600000121
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、对氟溴苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,155uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品56.1mg,收率为87%。(方法1)
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.47-7.54(m,4H),7.32(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.20(s,1H),7.11(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.98(t,J=4.0Hz,2H),3.19(t,J=4.0Hz,2H),2.72(t,J=4.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值345.24,实测值345.67。
实施例8
Figure BDA0003461149600000122
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、4-碘-2-甲氧基吡啶(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,330uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品39.3mg,收率为58.6%。(方法1)
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.95(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.29-7.33(m,3H),7.11(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.90(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.78(s,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.30-3.33(m,2H),2.84(t,J=8.0Hz,1H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值336.27,实测值336.72。
实施例9
Figure BDA0003461149600000131
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、3-碘苯甲醚(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,203uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品54.3mg,收率为81.2%。(方法1)
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.48(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.20(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.07-7.12(m,3H),6.80(dd,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.79(s,1H),3.22-3.25(m,2H),2.75(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值357.28,实测值357.69。
实施例10
Figure BDA0003461149600000141
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、2,4-二氟碘苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,180uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品65.7mg,分离收率96.5%。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45-7.56(m,4H),7.31(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.11(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.79-6.86(m,1H),3.17(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.72(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值363.23,实测值363.62。
实施例11
Figure BDA0003461149600000142
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、1-氯-2-碘苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,185uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品63.4mg,分离收率93.4%。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44-7.50(m,3H),7.36-7.39(m,1H),7.32-7.13(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.17-7.20(m,2H),7.11(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.29(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.79(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值355.31,实测值355.68。
实施例12
Figure BDA0003461149600000151
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol)、硒粉(7.5eq.,1.5mmol)、1-氯-2-碘苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,185uL)和N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg)于手套箱添加至不锈钢罐(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF(1ml),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨结束后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品54.0mg,收率79.7%。(方法3)1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44-7.50(m,3H),7.36-7.39(m,1H),7.32-7.13(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.17-7.20(m,2H),7.11(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.29(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.79(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值355.31,实测值355.68。
实施例13
Figure BDA0003461149600000161
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、碘苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,158uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入(R)-N-叔丁氧羰基-3-碘代丙氨酸甲酯(1eq.,0.2mmol,65.8mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethylacetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品51.8mg,收率72.3%。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53-7.56(m,2H),7.25-7.29(m,3H),5.37(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.65-4.69(m,1H),3.5(s,3H),3.34(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),1.42(s,9H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值381.30,实测值381.64。
实施例14
Figure BDA0003461149600000162
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.5mmol,mg)、碘苯(5eq.,1.0mmol,158uL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),加入THF 1ml,球磨介质直径为10mm,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入叔丁基2-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)丙烯酸酯(1eq.0.2mmol,48.7mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到纯品38.9mg,收率48.6%。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50-7.55(m,2H),7.23-7.25(m,3H),5.28(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.52-4.57(m,1H),3.26-3.39(m,2H),1.42(s,9H),1.39(s,9H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值423.38,实测值423.67。
实施例15
Figure BDA0003461149600000171
将镁条(3eq.,0.6mmol,14.4mg)、硒粉(3eq.,0.6mmol,48mg)、溴苯(3.6eq.,0.72mmol,76μL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到目标产物。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32-7.38(m,4H),7.11-7.17(m,5H),6.95(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.06(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.57(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值328.03,实测值328.71。
实施例16
Figure BDA0003461149600000181
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、溴苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,158μL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 50μl,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,15min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到目标产物。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32-7.38(m,4H),7.11-7.17(m,5H),6.95(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.06(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.57(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值328.03,实测值328.71。
实施例17
Figure BDA0003461149600000182
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、溴苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,158μL)添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(RetschMM 400,60min,30Hz);待研磨60min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,30min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleum ether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到目标产物48.37mg,收率79.5%。(方法1)
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32-7.38(m,4H),7.11-7.17(m,5H),6.95(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.06(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.57(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值328.03,实测值328.71。
实施例18
Figure BDA0003461149600000191
将镁条(5eq.,1.0mmol,24mg)、硒粉(5eq.,1.0mmol,79mg)、添加至不锈钢罐中(10mL),球磨介质直径为10mm,加入THF 1ml,拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,30min,30Hz);待研磨30min后,不锈钢罐于手套箱中打开,加入溴苯(7.5eq.,1.5mmol,158μL),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM400,30min,30Hz);待研磨30min后,不锈钢罐于空气中打开,加入N-苯基丙烯酰胺(1eq.,0.2mmol,29.4mg),拧紧不锈钢罐,置于球磨仪上进行研磨(Retsch MM 400,30min,5Hz),待研磨结束后,混合物用EA从硅胶中洗脱,减压蒸馏旋去溶剂,通过快速柱层析(SiO2,petroleumether/ethyl acetate,5:1-10:1)得到目标产物。(方法1)1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32-7.38(m,4H),7.11-7.17(m,5H),6.95(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.06(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.57(t,J=8.0Hz,2H);MS:[M+Na]+理论值328.03,实测值328.71。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种有机硒化合物的机械力化学合成方法,其特征在于,以硒粉、镁条或镁粉、烷基或芳基卤化物和亲电试剂为原料,有机溶剂为助研剂,以钢球为球磨介质,在5-30Hz条件下振荡0.5-2.0h,即得到有机硒化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述亲电试剂包括α,β-不饱和酯/酰胺/酮类化合物、卤代α-氨基酸、卤代杂环或烷基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为亚砜、乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、甲苯、1,4-二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述硒粉与有机溶剂质量体积比为80mg:(0.05-1)mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述硒粉、镁条的烷基或芳基卤化物、亲电试剂的摩尔比为(1-1.5):1:(1-1.5):(0.2-0.6)。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法得到的有机硒化合物,其特征在于,所述有机硒化合物的结构式如下:
Figure FDA0003461149590000021
其中,
R1、R2、R3、R4分别为氢、直链烷基、环烷基、烷基氧基、芳香氧基、芳香基、取代芳香基、杂环芳香基、取代杂环芳香基、氨基、亚胺基、仲胺基和稠环中的一种;
R5为直链烷基、环烷基、芳香基、取代芳香基、杂环芳香基、取代杂环芳香基中的一种。
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CN115594621A (zh) * 2022-11-04 2023-01-13 西安交通大学(Cn) 一种二硒醚类化合物的球磨机械化学合成方法

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CN115572240A (zh) * 2022-10-19 2023-01-06 西安交通大学 一种三组分还原交叉偶联构建c-c键的机械力合成方法
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