CN112645801A - 一锅法制备邻氟苯酚的方法 - Google Patents
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- HFHFGHLXUCOHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1F HFHFGHLXUCOHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZCJAYDKWZAWMPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ZCJAYDKWZAWMPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IPWBFGUBXWMIPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-fluorobenzene Chemical group FC1=CC=CC=C1Br IPWBFGUBXWMIPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 2-fluorophenyl Grignard reagent Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IUYHWZFSGMZEOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;propane;chloride Chemical group [Mg+2].[Cl-].C[CH-]C IUYHWZFSGMZEOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ODGDHAWYUSGYET-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Cl-].FC1=C(C=CC=C1)[Mg+] Chemical compound [Cl-].FC1=C(C=CC=C1)[Mg+] ODGDHAWYUSGYET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- YCCXQARVHOPWFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[CH2-]C YCCXQARVHOPWFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Br VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- QCSLIRFWJPOENV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F QCSLIRFWJPOENV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006193 diazotization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- APQIUTYORBAGEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dibromoethane Chemical compound CC(Br)Br APQIUTYORBAGEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000297 Sandmeyer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MZSHDFHARCUCET-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Cl-].CC[Mg+].C1CCOC1 Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[Mg+].C1CCOC1 MZSHDFHARCUCET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124350 antibacterial drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/58—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions introducing directly hydroxy groups on a =CH-group belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring with the aid of molecular oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F3/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
- C07F3/02—Magnesium compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一锅法制备邻氟苯酚的方法,属于有机合成技术领域。以邻溴/氯氟苯为原料,在稳定剂存在下通过金属镁或格氏试剂交换得到2‑氟苯基格氏试剂,随后通入氧气或压缩空气得到邻氟苯酚。该方法反应操作简便,三废少,稳定剂的加入抑制了格氏试剂消除的情况,收率高,无异构体,符合的工业化放大前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一锅法制备邻氟苯酚的方法,属于有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
邻氟苯酚,CAS 367-12-4,英文名2-Fluorophemol,是合成新型含氟抗菌消炎药以及杀虫、杀螨剂、除草剂和液晶等的重要中间体,还可以作为塑料橡胶添加剂。化合物中氟原子的新脂性可以提高药物的细胞膜通透性,从而大大提高药物的生物利用率,同时氟原子的强电负性会增强配体与靶标之间的结合能力,其在医药领域应用广泛。邻氟苯酚属于含氟的苯酚类衍生物,然而许多天然产物中都含有苯酚结构,对于药物合成的前驱中间体有着重要意义。
现有公开专利或文献中,对于该化合物研究主要包括:
A通过苯酚氟化进而合成邻氟苯酚,如CN110950739A等,成本较低,然而直接氟化会有异构体生产,纯化难度增加,并且含氟试剂毒性较强,后处理废水量大。
B通过邻氟苯硼酸氧化得到邻氟苯酚,优点收率高并且无异构体,缺点是成体高,其中邻氟苯硼酸价格远高与所得到的邻氟苯酚。
C通过邻胺基苯酚做桑德迈尔反应进行氟化,然而氟化试剂较贵,废水,其中重氮化不稳定,易爆等潜在危险因素。
综上所述,开发更为简单高效、易纯化、无异构体的方法是相当必要的,以满足日益增长的市场需求。
发明内容
为了克服上述技术缺陷,本发明以邻溴/氯氟苯为原料,在稳定剂条件下通过金属镁或格氏试剂交换得到2-氟苯基格氏试剂,随后通入氧气或压缩空气得到邻氟苯酚。该方法反应操作简便,三废少,稳定剂的加入大大控制了格氏试剂消除的情况,收率高,无异构体。
本发明所述一锅法制备邻氟苯酚的方法,包括如下步骤:
将邻溴/氯氟苯和稳定剂在有机溶剂内混合,加入金属镁合成格氏试剂或加入格氏试剂进行交换,得到2-氟苯基格氏试剂,随后降温通入氧气或压缩空气(无水)得到邻氟苯酚。
反应方程式表示为:
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃或2-甲基四氢呋喃,稳定剂选自无水氯化锂或无水溴化锂。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述原料邻溴氟苯与金属镁合成2-氟苯基格氏试剂,邻氯氟体与格氏试剂交换合成2-氟苯基氯化镁。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,其中用于格氏交换的格氏试剂选自异丙基氯化镁或乙基氯化镁。反应温度选自-10~25℃。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述邻溴/氯氟苯、稳定剂与金属镁或格氏试剂摩尔比为1:1.3-1.5:1.1-1.2;所述邻溴/氯氟苯、稳定剂与格氏试剂摩尔比为1:1.3-1.5:1.05-1.1。
发明有益效果
本发明方法,采用常见原料和试剂进行反应,整个过程高效,无异构体,通过加入稳定剂和控制温度大大减少了2-氟苯基格氏试剂的内消除,减少三废的生成,避免高毒的氟化试剂和不稳定的重氮化反应,纯化容易,纯度可达99.0%以上。
具体实施例
下面通过具体实例对本发明进行进一步说明。这些实施例应理解为仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的保护范围。在阅读了本发明记载的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等效变化和修改同样落入本发明权利要求所限定的范围。
实施例1
氮气流保护下,向反应瓶内投入13g(0.542mol)金属镁、8.6g(0.049mol)邻溴氟苯、31.2g(0.736mol)无水氯化锂和150mL2-甲基四氢呋喃,降温至-10℃,加入0.1g碘和1g二溴乙烷引发,待引发后,缓慢滴加剩余77.4g邻溴氟苯和300mL 2-甲基四氢呋喃的混合溶液,滴完,缓慢升温到25℃反应2小时,取样稀盐酸淬灭并有机溶剂萃取,检测原料无剩余,含有3%苯。降温到0℃,控制流速通入压缩空气,保温反应6小时,缓慢升温到35℃保温2小时,取样检测产品纯度大于96%,降温至10℃,加入稀盐酸淬灭,分层,水相乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,加入活性炭和硫代硫酸钠,过滤,滤液减压浓缩加入正庚烷/环戊基甲醚(8/1,280mL)后有固体析出,过滤,烘干得到邻氟苯酚44.8g,收率81.3%,GC 99.3%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.13(d,1H),7.03(dd,1H),6.83(d,1H),5.58(s,1H).
实施例2
氮气流保护下,向反应瓶内投入65.3g(0.5mol)邻溴氟苯、27.5g(0.736mol)无水氯化锂和180mL四氢呋喃,降温并控制-5℃,缓慢滴加262mL异丙基氯化镁/四氢呋喃溶液(2.0mol/L),在该温度下反应3小时,升温到15℃反应2小时,取样稀盐酸淬灭并有机溶剂萃取,检测原料无剩余,含有1.5%苯。降温到0℃,控制流速通入压缩空气,保温反应6小时,缓慢升温到35℃保温2小时,取样检测产品纯度大于93%,降温至10℃,加入醋酸水溶液淬灭,分层,水相乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,加入活性炭和硫代硫酸钠,过滤,滤液减压浓缩加入正庚烷/环戊基甲醚(8/1,250mL)后有固体析出,过滤,烘干得到邻氟苯酚48.0g,收率85.6%,GC:99.1%。
实施例3
氮气流保护下,向反应瓶内投入65.3g(0.5mol)邻溴氟苯、27.5g(0.736mol)无水氯化锂和180mL四氢呋喃,降温并控制-5℃,缓慢滴加261mL乙基氯化镁四氢呋喃溶液(2.0mol/L),在该温度下反应2小时,升温到15℃反应2小时,取样稀盐酸淬灭并有机溶剂萃取,检测原料无剩余,含有1.8%苯。降温到0℃,控制流速通入氧气,保温2小时,缓慢升温到35℃保温3小时,取样检测产品纯度92%,降温至10℃,加入氯化铵水溶液淬灭,分层,水相乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,加入活性炭和硫代硫酸钠,过滤,滤液减压浓缩加入正庚烷环戊基甲醚(8/1,250mL))后有固体析出,过滤,烘干得到邻氟苯酚46.1g,收率82.3%,GC:99.4%。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1所述一锅法制备邻氟苯酚的方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃或2-甲基四氢呋喃,稳定剂为无水氯化锂或无水溴化锂。
3.根据权利要求1所述一锅法制备邻氟苯酚的方法,其特征在于:所述原料邻溴氟苯与金属镁合成2-氟苯基格氏试剂,邻氯氟苯与格氏试剂交换合成2-氟苯基氯化镁。
4.根据权利要求3所述一锅法制备邻氟苯酚的方法,其特征在于:用于格氏交换的格氏试剂选自异丙基氯化镁或乙基氯化镁,反应温度选自-10~25℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述一锅法制备邻氟苯酚的方法,其特征在于:所述邻溴/氯氟苯、稳定剂与金属镁或格氏试剂摩尔比为1:1.3-1.5:1.1-1.2;所述邻溴/氯氟苯、稳定剂与格氏试剂摩尔比为1:1.3-1.5:1.05-1.1。
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