CN114195796B - 深蓝色热激子发光材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
深蓝色热激子发光材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于有机电致发光材料技术领域,涉及一类热激子材料,主要涉及一类深蓝色热激子发光材料及其制备方法和应用。以三(三唑)并三嗪为受体,三苯胺衍生物为供体,制备了系列新型热激子深蓝光材料。这类发光材料表现出明显的杂化局域和电荷转移激发态,可以通过反向系间窜越从较高的三重态跃迁到单重态,获得100%的激子利用率;这类发光材料在溶液和薄膜中均显示出强烈的深蓝色发射;以这类材料为电致发光器件的发光材料和主体材料,分别获得了色坐标CIEy<0.08,外量子效率>10%的溶液加工型深蓝光器件和外量子效率>20%的溶液加工型红光器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光材料技术领域,涉及一类热激子材料,主要涉及一类深蓝色热激子发光材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
OLED发光材料经历第一代传统荧光材料、第二代磷光材料和第三代高激子利用率纯有机发光材料的发展。传统荧光材料由于自旋统计的限制,激子利用率只有25%。基于贵金属配合物的磷光材料,由于自旋轨道耦合效应,三线态激子也可通过辐射跃迁发光,激子利用率可达100%。但是磷光材料仍面临材料成本高,蓝光器件寿命短等问题。开发新一代高效、稳定、低成本的纯有机电致发光材料,有利于促进OLEDs产业的长期可持续发展。在这样的背景下,马於光教授等人提出了具有高能三线态反系间窜越特性的热激子材料,通过高能三线态反系间窜越过程实现了100%的激子利用率,获得了广泛的关注。经过近几年的研究热激子材料体系得到了足够的发展,其主要通过含有杂原子的给体和受体的结构组合来调控激发态性质,使其满足热激子过程所需要的激发态特性。尽管基于给受体结构的热激子材料体系获得了一些很好的结果,但目前高性能的热激子材料还是很少,因此研究基于热激子材料的有机电致发光器件具有重要的意义。
在热激子材料中仅使用了少量受体片段,例如菲[9,10-d]-咪唑和氰基。因此,在丰富热激子材料以及进一步改善其电致发光性能方面仍有大量工作要做,尤其是获得高效稳定的深蓝光热激子材料。
发明内容
本发明以三苯胺衍生物为给体,三(三唑)并三嗪为受体,构筑了系列新型热激子发光材料;选用势能接近局部激发(LE)态的三苯胺,其较强的给电子能力会在给体和受体之间形成电荷转移(CT)跃迁,从而形成热激子通道,利于构筑高效深蓝热激子材料。另一方面,受体本身的刚性结构,有利于抑制分子的非辐射跃迁,获得高效率深蓝光热激子材料。同时,本发明还系统研究了三苯胺衍生物给体对受体的材料光物理性能的影响,对于探索高效的深蓝光热激子材料具有重要意义。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明合成了一类以三苯胺衍生物为给体,三(三唑)并三嗪为受体的热激子材料,该类材料具有如下式1结构:
本发明的另一个目的是提供热激子材料分别作为有机电致发光二极管发光材料和主体材料的应用,获得发光性能优异的溶液加工型有机电致发光器件。
有机发光二极管结构为:ITO/PEDOT:PSS(40nm)/PVK(20nm)/化合物1、2或3:(5wt%、10wt%、20wt%)PO-01/DPEPO(9nm)/TmPyPB(45nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(120nm);或ITO/PEDOT:PSS(40nm)/mCP:(1wt%)Guest/TmPyPB(45nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(120nm)。
以上述基于三苯胺衍生物为给体,三(三唑)并三嗪为受体的热激子发光材料作为发光层掺杂剂,通过溶液加工制备了电致发光器件,并获得了CIEy<0.08,外量子效率>10%的深蓝光器件;以上述材料为器件主体材料,获得了外量子效率>20%的红光器件。
相对现有技术,本发明的技术方案带来的有益效果在于:
1、本发明以三苯胺衍生物为给体,三(三唑)并三嗪为受体,通过改变给体分子结构,有效构筑分子内杂化局域态和电荷转移态并存,从而形成热激子通道,获得新型的深蓝光热激子材料,与目前所报道的热活性延迟荧光的发光机理截然不同;
2、以基于三(三唑)并三嗪的热激子发光材料为发光层掺杂剂,通过溶液加工,获得了色坐标CIEy<0.08,外量子效率>10%的深蓝光器件;以这类基于三(三唑)并三嗪的热激子发光材料为器件主体材料,获得了外量子效率>20%的红光器件。
附图说明
【图1】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1~3的热失重曲线。
【图2】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1~3在甲苯溶液中的紫外可见光吸收以及光致发光光谱图。
【图3】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1在石油醚、甲苯、三乙胺、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丙酮和乙腈溶液中的光致发光光谱图。
【图4】为本发明实施例2制得的化合物在石油醚、甲苯、三乙胺、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丙酮和乙腈溶液中的光致发光光谱图。
【图5】为本发明实施例3制得的化合物在石油醚、甲苯、三乙胺、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丙酮和乙腈溶液中的光致发光光谱图。
【图6】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1~3在10%掺杂PMMA薄膜中的瞬时寿命曲线图。
【图7】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1的斯托克斯位移与溶剂极性参数之间的关系图。
【图8】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物2的斯托克斯位移与溶剂极性参数之间的关系图。
【图9】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物3的斯托克斯位移与溶剂极性参数之间的关系图。
【图10】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1~3的电流密度与最大外量子效率关系图。
【图11】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1~3的电致发光光谱图。
【图12】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1作为主体的电流密度与最大外量子效率关系图。
【图13】为本发明实施例1制得的化合物1作为主体的电致发光光谱图。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施案例旨在对本发明进一步说明,但这些具体实施方案不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
基于本文章的蓝光热激子材料合成方案如下:
中间核TTT-Br的合成
将5-(4-溴苯)-2氢-四唑(3.3g、14.8mmol),碳酸氢钾(8.2g、59.2mmol)、三聚氯氰(1.0g、5.4mmol)和50mL的2-丁酮的混合物加热到90℃,在空气中搅拌48小时。冷却到室温后,将混合物倒入水中,由二氯甲烷提取。收集有机层并用水冲洗,无水MgSO4干燥。过滤剂蒸发以去除溶剂。然后,CH2Cl2作为洗脱液,得到白色固体TTT-Br。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)8.05(d,J=9.0Hz,6H),7.76(d,J=9.0Hz,6H).
化合物1的合成
将TTT-Br(1eq.),二苯胺(5eq.)、三氧化二钠(4eq.)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.06eq.)、三特丁基磷四氟硼酸盐(0.12eq.)和甲苯添加到圆底烧瓶中。混合物在氮气下在120℃下搅拌24小时。冷却到室温后,混合物倒入水中,用CH2Cl2提取。将有机层用水清洗,无水MgSO4干燥,蒸发干燥,获得0.7克白色固体,产率为51%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(d,J=8.7Hz,6H),7.41(t,J=7.8Hz,12H),7.20(d,J=8.2Hz,18H),7.04(d,J=8.7Hz,6H).13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ150.97(s),146.64(s),140.43(s),131.15(s),129.63(s),125.98(s),124.47(s),120.09(s),115.56(s).
化合物2的合成
将TTT-Br(1eq.),甲氧基二苯胺(5eq.)、三氧化二钠(4eq.)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.06eq.)、三特丁基磷四氟硼酸盐(0.12eq.)和甲苯添加到圆底烧瓶中。混合物在氮气下在120℃下搅拌24小时。冷却到室温后,混合物倒入水中,用CH2Cl2提取。将有机层用水清洗,无水MgSO4干燥,蒸发干燥,获得0.1克绿色固体,产率为55%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.94(d,J=8.9Hz,6H),7.16(d,J=8.9Hz,12H),6.92(dd,J=23.3,8.9Hz,18H),3.81(s,18H).13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ156.87(s),151.65(s),151.16(s),140.37(s),139.47(s),131.08(s),127.87(s),117.31(s),114.97(s),113.80(s),55.53(s).
化合物3的合成
将TTT-Br(1eq.),叔丁基二苯胺(5eq.)、三氧化二钠(4eq.)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.06eq.)、三特丁基磷四氟硼酸盐(0.12eq.)和甲苯添加到圆底烧瓶中。混合物在氮气下在120℃下搅拌24小时。冷却到室温后,混合物倒入水中,用CH2Cl2提取。将有机层用水清洗,无水MgSO4干燥,蒸发干燥,获得0.2克淡黄色固体,产率为30%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.98(d,J=8.9Hz,6H),7.34(d,J=8.6Hz,11H),7.11(dd,J=23.9,8.8Hz,19H),1.33(s,54H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ147.46(s),143.79(s),131.05(s),126.45(s),125.69(s),119.01(s),34.46(s),31.44(s).
实施例2
将实施例1中的化合物1、2和3在50~600℃范围内,在N2下以20℃每分钟的速率升温,测得热失重曲线。由图1可知,化合物1、2和3的分解5%的温度分别为432℃、425℃和436℃。
实施例3
将实施例1中的化合物1、2和3溶解在甲苯中配成10-5M溶液,测试其溶液的紫外可见吸收和光致发光光谱。由图1可知,化合物在溶液中的紫外可见吸收光谱大致有两种吸收峰:短波长(300nm)处的吸收峰主要归属于分子的π-π*的跃迁吸收;长波长(360nm)的吸收峰归属于分子内给体单元到受体单元的电荷转移(ICT)跃迁吸收峰。如图2所示,其中化合物1的最大发射峰为426nm,化合物2的发射峰为480nm,化合物3的发射峰为440nm,表明三个化合物均在蓝光发射区域。
实施例4
将实施例1中的化合物1、2和3在不同溶液中的光致发光性能测试。将化合物1、2和3分别溶解在石油醚、甲苯、三乙胺、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丙酮和乙腈溶液中,测试其在不同溶液中的光致发光光谱,如图3~5所示。由图可知,随着溶剂极性的增加,三种化合物都呈现出明显的溶剂化变色,这是相应激发态分子内CT特征的典型标志。此外,与在乙腈溶液中相比,石油醚溶液中化合物1的最大红移为46nm,化合物2的最大红移为90nm,化合物3的最大红移为79nm。
实施例5
实施例1中的化合物1、2和3在氮气氛围下测试了其在10%掺杂PMMA薄膜中的荧光寿命,如图6所示,经拟合得出三个化合物的延迟寿命分别为2.90、4.08、3.72ns,均为短寿命。
实施例6
实施例1中的化合物1、2和3根据Lippert-Mataga溶剂化变色模型绘制的斯托克斯位移与溶剂极性参数关系图,如图7-9所示,所有化合物在低极性溶剂和高极性溶剂中分别表现出两段线性拟合,表明存在两种不同的激发态。
实施例7
实施例1中的化合物1、2和3在有机电致发光器件中的应用。以化合物作为器件发光层掺杂剂制备结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS(40nm)/mCP:(1wt%)化合物1、2或3/TmPyPB(45nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(120nm)的有机电致发光二极管。其中,PEDOT:PSS为空穴注入层,mCP为发光层主体材料,TmPyPB为电子传输层,LiF为电子注入层,Al为阴极。其中三个化合物在1wt%掺杂的器件获得最大外量子效率分别为10.54%、2.51%和10.25%,如图10所示。实施例1中的化合物1、2和3在有机电致发光器件中的电致发光光谱。如图11所示,三个化合物在1wt%掺杂的器件中都表现为蓝光发射,其中1和3更表现出深蓝发射,发射峰为426nm和438nm,化合物2为蓝光发射,发射峰为462nm。
实施例8
实施例1中的化合物在有机电致发光器件中作为主体的应用。以化合物1,2或3作为器件发光层的主体材料,以化合物PO-01为发光层掺杂剂,制备结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS(40nm)/PVK(20nm)/化合物1:PO-01(5wt%、10wt%、20wt%)/DPEPO(9nm)/TmPyPB(45nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(120nm)的有机电致发光二极管。其中,PEDOT:PSS为空穴注入层,PVK为空穴传输层,PO-01为发光层红光客体材料,DPEPO为空穴阻挡层,TmPyPB为电子传输层,LiF为电子注入层,Al为阴极。其中,红光客体材料PO-01在5wt%、10wt%和20wt%掺杂的器件获得最大外量子效率分别为20.19%、18.69%和16.42%,如图12所示。实施例1中的化合物1在有机电致发光器件中作为主体的电致发光光谱。如图13所示,三种掺杂浓度下均表现出PO-01的峰,没有出现化合物1的主体峰,说明能量从主体化合物1转移到客体PO-01。
同样的,当以化合物2或者化合物3作为器件主体材料时,红光客体材料PO-01在5wt%掺杂的器件中获得最大外量子效率分别为5%、13%。
Claims (2)
2.如权利要求1所述的有机发光二极管,其特征在于:所述深蓝色热激子发光材料的制备方法步骤如下:
(1)将5-(4-溴苯)-2氢-四唑,碳酸氢钾、三聚氯氰和2-丁酮的混合物加热到90℃,在空气中搅拌48小时,冷却到室温后倒入水中,由二氯甲烷提取,收集有机层并水洗,无水MgSO4干燥,蒸发去除溶剂,然后,CH2Cl2作为洗脱液,得到TTT-Br;
(2)将TTT-Br,二苯胺、三氧化二钠、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、三特丁基磷四氟硼酸盐和甲苯添加到圆底烧瓶中,氮气条件下,混合物在120℃下搅拌24小时,冷却到室温后倒入水中,用CH2Cl2提取,将有机层用水洗,无水MgSO4干燥,蒸发干燥,获得深蓝色热激子发光材料;其中,TTT-Br结构如下式所示
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