CN114195172A - 一种盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法 - Google Patents
一种盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及含盐污水治理及生产烧碱技术领域，尤其是一种盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，包括以下步骤：预处理、电容去离子除盐、浓盐水浓缩、冷冻盐结晶、卤水精制和卤水电解制离子膜烧碱。本发明提供了一种运行费用低、能耗少、能资源化利用排盐水中的可用物质的方法，产生的淡水用于工农业生产，产生的各种盐用作化工原料；采用电吸附装置对盐碱地排盐废水进行淡化处理，电吸附装置对进水水质要求不高，步骤少、无特殊要求、一般情况下不加药剂，只需要简单的物理方法进行处理、可连续长时间运行、运行过程始终处于常温常压状态下，过程简单、运行费用低；具有工艺流程简练合理、产品质量高、能耗低、排盐水零排放等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含盐污水治理及生产烧碱技术领域，尤其是一种盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法。
背景技术
我国盐碱地总面积达9913万hm2，约占全国土地面积的10％，分布在西北、东北、华北及滨海地区在内的23个省、市、自治区，已成为我国经济、社会和生态可持续发展的主要障碍因子；特别是西北荒漠、半荒漠干旱地区，淡水短缺、水资源有限，而土壤含盐量高、积盐层厚、盐分组成复杂，有氯化物硫酸盐盐土，也有硫酸盐氯化物盐土，盐土不经过水利改良通常无法开垦利用。水利改良的方法通常是采用灌排配套、蓄淡压盐、灌水洗盐、地下排盐等措施把土壤中的盐分淋洗出来，目前都是直接排放到自然环境中，不仅造成水资源的浪费，而且还会造成土壤次生盐渍化和环境污染问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，包括以下步骤：
A.预处理：排盐废水通过提升泵送至高效沉淀池，排盐废水中的固体颗粒沉淀后通过污泥出口排出，澄清液通过提升泵提升后进入多介质过滤器；
B.电容去离子除盐：多介质过滤器出水后，进入电容去离子除盐系统的进水保安过滤器，经电容去离子除盐系统产生的淡水接入产水水池，经泵提升后至用水单位；经电容去离子除盐系统产生的浓盐水浓度达到12-15°Bé后进入浓水罐，通过提升泵进入预热器进行预热；
C.浓盐水浓缩：浓盐水在预热器换热升温后进入机械式蒸汽再压缩蒸发器或多效蒸发器进行蒸发浓缩，当浓盐水浓度达到24-26°Bé后进入预冷换热器与浓度为12-15°Bé的卤水换热回收热量后，进入浓缩盐水槽得到浓缩盐水，浓缩液泵将浓缩盐水抽出输送至预冷器进行预冷，预冷后浓缩盐水进入兑卤槽，与兑卤槽循环液均匀混合；
D.冷冻盐结晶：兑卤槽中混合物定期泵至沉降槽，沉降在沉降槽底部的浆料从底部排出后送至离心机进行离心分离，甩净水分后得到产品硫酸盐，水分进入冷冻精卤水储罐；沉降槽上部溢流出脱除硫酸盐的低硫酸盐浓缩液，自流进入冷冻精卤水储罐；
兑卤槽在循环换热过程中因温度下降会有硫酸盐晶体析出并沉降，在沉降槽中硫酸盐结晶颗粒逐渐长大，并在重力的作用下逐渐下沉，最终堆积在沉降器的底部。
E.卤水精制：低硫酸盐浓缩液进入冷冻精卤水储罐后，再由冷卤水泵输送至预冷换热器进行预冷，后送至反应槽，加入精制剂氢氧化钠除去盐水中的镁离子，加入次氯酸钠溶液氧化分解菌藻类、腐殖酸有机物为小分子有机物，然后用加压泵送出，在汽水混合器中与空气混合后进入加压溶气罐再进入浮上式预处理器，并加入絮凝剂，经过预处理器的盐水进入折流槽，加碳酸钠后，进入后反应槽，盐水中的钙离子与碳酸钠反应形成碳酸钙沉淀，充分反应后的盐水进入中间槽，经过滤器进料泵打入膜过滤器，再经过氯化钡法或膜分离法脱除SO4 2-后进入一次盐水贮槽；过滤之后的一次盐水，进入离子交换树脂塔经过二次过滤和离子交换，进一步除去固体悬浮物、降低钙离子和镁离子含量；
F.卤水电解制离子膜烧碱：由离子交换树脂塔出来的二次精制盐水送往离子膜电解装置，电解生产烧碱、氯气和氢气。
进一步的，步骤B中，所述的电容去离子除盐系统由过滤器、电容去离子除盐模块单元组成，采用单元制连接。
进一步的，步骤C中，所述的兑卤槽循环液通过兑卤循环泵泵至冷冻换热器获取冷量。
进一步的，所述的冷冻换热器采用集成式冷冻机组冷冻或者自然冷冻，在冬季可以采用自然冷冻代替冷冻机组以节约能耗。
进一步的，步骤F中，所述的二次精制盐水中，钙离子和镁离子等多价阳离子的含量≤20wtppb。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：
1、对盐碱地排盐废水充分回收利用，节约了淡水资源，而且防止了排盐废水直接排放到自然环境中造成土壤次生盐渍化和环境污染问题；
2、采用电吸附装置对盐碱地排盐废水进行淡化处理，电吸附装置对进水水质要求不高，步骤少、无特殊要求、一般情况下不加药剂，只需要简单的物理方法进行处理、可连续长时间运行、运行过程始终处于常温常压状态下，过程简单、运行费用低；
3、资源化利用排盐废水中的可用物质，产生的淡水用于工农业生产，产生的各种盐用作化工原料；
4、产生的硫酸盐、氯化钠卤水用于下游化工原料，达到了资源循环利用的经济效果；
5、氯化钠卤水直接用于烧碱生产，减少了目前传统的蒸发制盐工序，节约了能耗；
6、盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，具有工艺流程合理、产品质量高、能耗低、排盐废水零排放等特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
一种盐碱地排盐废水的主要检测指数如下：悬浮物34mg/L、TDS 12897mg/L、氯化物3724mg/L、硫酸盐2710mg/L、PH 7.4、CODcr28.8mg/L、镁375.2mg/L、钙430.7mg/L、钠2465.3mg/L、钾85.8mg/L、浊度0.6度。
一种盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，包括以下步骤：
A.预处理：排盐废水通过提升泵送至高效沉淀池，加入聚合硫酸铝铁絮凝剂，加速固体颗粒沉淀，排盐废水中的固体颗粒沉淀后通过污泥出口排出进入污泥处理系统，澄清液通过提升泵提升后进入多介质过滤器；
B.电容去离子除盐：多介质过滤器出水后，进入电容去离子除盐系统的进水保安过滤器，经电容去离子除盐系统产生的淡水符合工业用水指标要求接入产水清水池；经电容去离子除盐系统产生的浓盐水浓度达到20℃的15°Bé后进入浓水罐，通过提升泵进入预热器进行预热；
C.浓盐水浓缩：浓盐水在预热器换热升温至110℃后进入机械式蒸汽再压缩蒸发器进行蒸发浓缩，当浓盐水浓度达到26°Bé后进入预冷换热器与浓度为15°Bé的卤水换热回收热量后，温度降至32℃进入浓缩盐水槽，进入浓缩盐水槽得到浓缩盐水，浓缩液泵将浓缩盐水抽出输送至预冷器进行预冷，预冷后温度可降至25℃，冷媒是来自冷冻精卤水储罐冷冻除硫酸镁后温度为-2℃的低硫酸镁冷冻精卤水，预冷后浓缩盐水进入兑卤槽，与兑卤槽循环液均匀混合，稳定降温至-2℃左右；
D.冷冻盐结晶：兑卤槽中混合物定期泵至沉镁槽，沉降在沉镁槽底部的浆料从底部排出后送至离心机进行离心分离，甩净绝大部分水分后得到产品七水硫酸镁，水分进入冷冻精卤水储罐；沉镁槽上部溢流出脱除七水硫酸镁的低硫酸镁浓缩液，自流进入冷冻精卤水储罐；
E.卤水精制：低硫酸盐浓缩液进入冷冻精卤水储罐后，再由冷卤水泵输送至预冷换热器进行预冷，后送至反应槽，加入精制剂氢氧化钠与盐水中的镁离子反应生成氢氧化镁，加入次氯酸钠溶液氧化分解菌藻类、腐殖酸有机物为小分子有机物，然后用加压泵送出，在汽水混合器中与空气按照体积比1:5混合后进入加压溶气罐再进入浮上式预处理器，并在预处理器进口加FeCl3溶液，经过预处理器的盐水进入折流槽，加碳酸钠后，进入后反应槽，盐水中的钙离子与碳酸钠反应形成碳酸钙沉淀，卤水加药后在反应槽中停留1小时以上，充分反应后的盐水进入中间槽，经过滤器进料泵打入膜过滤器，再经过纳滤膜分离法脱除SO4 2-后进入一次盐水贮槽；过滤之后的一次盐水，经一次盐水泵来卤水经预涂式碳素烧结管过滤器过滤，过滤之后的盐水进入过滤盐水储槽，用过滤盐水泵送至进入离子交换树脂塔进行二次过滤和离子交换，进一步除去固体悬浮物、降低钙离子和镁离子含量；
F.卤水电解制离子膜烧碱：由离子交换树脂塔出来的二次精制盐水浓度达到23.5°Bé后送往离子膜电解装置，电解生产32％烧碱、氯气和氢气。
步骤B中，所述的电容去离子除盐系统由过滤器、电容去离子除盐模块单元组成，采用单元制连接。
步骤C中，所述的兑卤槽循环液通过兑卤循环泵泵至冷冻换热器获取冷量。
所述冷冻换热器的冷源是来自采用环保制冷剂R410A为制冷剂、载冷剂为氯化钙盐水的集成式冷冻机组，温度低于-15℃的冷冻氯化钙盐水。
兑卤槽在循环换热过程中因温度下降会有七水硫酸镁晶体析出并沉降，在沉镁槽中七水硫酸镁结晶颗粒逐渐长大，并在重力的作用下逐渐下沉，最终堆积在沉镁槽的锥底处。
步骤E中，所述的一次盐水中，固体悬浮物含量≤1wtppm。
步骤F中，所述的二次精制盐水中，钙离子和镁离子等多价阳离子的含量≤20wtppb。
Claims (5)
1.一种盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
A.预处理：排盐废水通过提升泵送至高效沉淀池，排盐废水中的固体颗粒沉淀后通过污泥出口排出，澄清液通过提升泵提升后进入多介质过滤器；
B.电容去离子除盐：多介质过滤器出水后，进入电容去离子除盐系统的进水保安过滤器，经电容去离子除盐系统产生的淡水接入产水水池，经泵提升后至用水单位；经电容去离子除盐系统产生的浓盐水浓度达到12-15°Bé后进入浓水罐，通过提升泵进入预热器进行预热；
C.浓盐水浓缩：浓盐水在预热器换热升温后进入机械式蒸汽再压缩蒸发器或多效蒸发器进行蒸发浓缩，当浓盐水浓度达到24-26°Bé后进入预冷换热器与浓度为12-15°Bé的卤水换热回收热量后，进入浓缩盐水槽得到浓缩盐水，浓缩液泵将浓缩盐水抽出输送至预冷器进行预冷，预冷后浓缩盐水进入兑卤槽，与兑卤槽循环液均匀混合；
D.冷冻盐结晶：兑卤槽中混合物定期泵至沉降槽，沉降在沉降槽底部的浆料从底部排出后送至离心机进行离心分离，甩净水分后得到产品硫酸盐，水分进入冷冻精卤水储罐；沉降槽上部溢流出脱除硫酸盐的低硫酸盐浓缩液，自流进入冷冻精卤水储罐；
E.卤水精制：低硫酸盐浓缩液进入冷冻精卤水储罐后，再由冷卤水泵输送至预冷换热器进行预冷，后送至反应槽，加入精制剂氢氧化钠除去盐水中的镁离子，加入次氯酸钠溶液氧化分解菌藻类、腐殖酸有机物为小分子有机物，然后用加压泵送出，在汽水混合器中与空气混合后进入加压溶气罐再进入浮上式预处理器，并加入絮凝剂，经过预处理器的盐水进入折流槽，加碳酸钠后，进入后反应槽，盐水中的钙离子与碳酸钠反应形成碳酸钙沉淀，充分反应后的盐水进入中间槽，经过滤器进料泵打入膜过滤器，再经过氯化钡法或膜分离法脱除SO4 2-后进入一次盐水贮槽；过滤之后的一次盐水，进入离子交换树脂塔经过二次过滤和离子交换，进一步除去固体悬浮物、降低钙离子和镁离子含量；
F.卤水电解制离子膜烧碱：由离子交换树脂塔出来的二次精制盐水送往离子膜电解装置，电解生产烧碱、氯气和氢气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，其特征在于：步骤B中，所述的电容去离子除盐系统由过滤器、电容去离子除盐模块单元组成，采用单元制连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，其特征在于：步骤C中，所述的兑卤槽循环液通过兑卤循环泵泵至冷冻换热器获取冷量。
4.根据权利要求3所述的盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，其特征在于：所述的冷冻换热器采用集成式冷冻机组冷冻或者自然冷冻。
5.根据权利要求1所述的盐碱地排盐废水综合治理的方法，其特征在于：步骤F中，所述的二次精制盐水中，钙离子和镁离子的含量≤20wtppb。
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