CN114193571B - 一种杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法,属于木材的阻燃抑烟改性处理技术领域。所述杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法是先用γ‑氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液对杉木板材进行一次真空加压浸注处理,再用三聚氰胺溶液对杉木板材进行二次真空加压浸注处理,然后用氰尿酸溶液对杉木板材进行三次真空加压浸注处理,最后用尿素溶液对杉木板材进行四次真空加压浸注处理。本发明提供的改性方法可以显著提高杉木板材的阻燃抑烟性和阻燃抑烟稳定性,且操作简单易行,便于实现工业化大批量生产,具有显著的经济价值和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于木材的阻燃抑烟改性处理技术领域,具体涉及一种杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法。
背景技术
杉木是我国南方栽培最广、生长快、产量高,具有高经济价值的用材树种,具有材质坚韧轻盈、不易变形、易干燥、易加工等优点,因此被广泛应用于建筑和家具等领域。杉木遇火易燃,其主要成分是碳氢化合物,燃烧时导致氧气不足,所以木材不能完全燃烧会生成部分小颗粒碳氢化合物,最终以大量黑烟的形式表现出来。其中较高的二氧化碳浓度和烟尘都会导致人窒息。据统计,火灾中死亡的人有80%以上属于烟气窒息致死。目前在木材阻燃方面的报道较多,肖忠平(肖忠平,侯伦灯,杨文斌,陆继圣;杉木间伐材阻燃处理工艺的研究,林业科技开发,2001,(1):22-23)采用自制的有机树脂类阻燃剂,通过真空加压浸注对杉木进行阻燃处理,结果表明,处理后杉木的阻燃性和力学性能提高。但是该自制阻燃剂与杉木纤维之间没有化学键合,阻燃剂容易流失,阻燃稳定性较差。
发明内容
本发明针对杉木易燃以及燃烧后释放大量黑烟容易导人窒息死亡的问题,提供了一种杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法。本发明提供的改性方法可以显著提高杉木板材的阻燃抑烟性和阻燃抑烟稳定性,且操作简单易行,便于实现工业化大批量生产,具有显著的经济价值和社会效益。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法是先用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液对杉木板材进行一次真空加压浸注处理,再用三聚氰胺溶液对杉木板材进行二次真空加压浸注处理,然后用氰尿酸溶液对杉木板材进行三次真空加压浸注处理,最后用尿素溶液对杉木板材进行四次真空加压浸注处理。
所述杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将干燥处理过的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02~0.08MPa,保压30~60min后,注入重量百分比为2~6%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷乙醇溶液,加压至0.5~1.5MPa,保压30~60min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04~0.08MPa,保压30~60min后,注入重量百分比为1~2%的三聚氰胺二甲基亚砜溶液,加压至0.2~0.8MPa,保压6~12h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4h后,将杉木试样在去离子水中浸泡30min,再于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02~0.06MPa,保压30~60min后,注入重量百分比为0.2~1%的氰尿酸乙醇溶液,加压至0.2~0.8MPa,保压8~16h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样;
(4)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.01~0.04MPa,保压30~60min后,注入重量百分比为5~10%的尿素水溶液,加压至0.5~1MPa,保压20~40min,卸压;取出杉木试样,于80~120℃下处理2~4h,制得所述阻燃抑烟杉木板材。
所述杉木试样按GB/T1929-2009进行截取。
本发明的显著优势在于:
1.本发明先用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液处理杉木板材,在杉木纤维上接枝γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,然后γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷上的氨基参与三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐的聚合反应,通过γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的化学键合作用,将三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐键合在杉木板材的表面,提高三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐的稳定性。
2.本发明将三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐稳定地键合在杉木板材的表面,利用三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐优异的阻燃抑烟性能,可以显著提高杉木板材的阻燃抑烟性和阻燃抑烟稳定性,处理前杉木板材的引燃时间和发烟总量在0d、1d、3d、7d和15d分别为14.2s、13.9s、13.7s、13.5s、13.2s和3.48m2、3.55m2、3.79m2、3.98m2、4.46m2,处理后杉木板材的引燃时间和发烟总量在0d、1d、3d、7d和15d分别为31.6~34.8s、31.0~34.2s、30.0~33.8s、28.1~32.9s、26.9~31.6s和0.40~0.49m2、0.41~0.51m2、0.44~0.53m2、0.49~0.57m2、0.52~0.64m2,且操作简单易行,便于实现工业化大批量生产,具有显著的经济价值和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面通过几组实施例和对比例对本实施方式中杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法的优势及其效果作进一步的阐述。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
(1)将干燥处理过的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02MPa,保压30min后,注入重量百分比为2%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷乙醇溶液,加压至0.5MPa,保压60min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注4h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04MPa,保压30min后,注入重量百分比为1%的三聚氰胺二甲基亚砜溶液,加压至0.2MPa,保压12h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注4h后,将杉木试样在去离子水中浸泡30min,再于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02MPa,保压30min后,注入重量百分比为0.2%的氰尿酸乙醇溶液,加压至0.2MPa,保压16h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注4h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样;
(4)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.01MPa,保压30min后,注入重量百分比为5%的尿素水溶液,加压至0.5MPa,保压40min,卸压;取出杉木试样,于80℃下处理4h,制得所述阻燃抑烟杉木板材。
所述杉木试样按GB/T1929-2009进行截取。
实施例2
(1)将干燥处理过的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.05MPa,保压45min后,注入重量百分比为4%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷乙醇溶液,加压至1MPa,保压45min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.06MPa,保压45min后,注入重量百分比为1.5%的三聚氰胺二甲基亚砜溶液,加压至0.5MPa,保压9h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,将杉木试样在去离子水中浸泡30min,再于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04MPa,保压45min后,注入重量百分比为0.6%的氰尿酸乙醇溶液,加压至0.5MPa,保压12h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样;
(4)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.03MPa,保压40min后,注入重量百分比为8%的尿素水溶液,加压至0.7MPa,保压30min,卸压;取出杉木试样,于100℃下处理3h,制得所述阻燃抑烟杉木板材。
所述杉木试样按GB/T1929-2009进行截取。
实施例3
(1)将干燥处理过的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.08MPa,保压60min后,注入重量百分比为6%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷乙醇溶液,加压至1.5MPa,保压30min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.08MPa,保压60min后,注入重量百分比为2%的三聚氰胺二甲基亚砜溶液,加压至0.8MPa,保压6h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2h后,将杉木试样在去离子水中浸泡30min,再于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.06MPa,保压60min后,注入重量百分比为1%的氰尿酸乙醇溶液,加压至0.8MPa,保压8h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样;
(4)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04MPa,保压60min后,注入重量百分比为10%的尿素水溶液,加压至1MPa,保压20min,卸压;取出杉木试样,于120℃下处理2h,制得所述阻燃抑烟杉木板材。
所述杉木试样按GB/T1929-2009进行截取。
对比例1
将干燥处理过的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.05MPa,保压45min后,注入重量百分比为4%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷乙醇溶液,加压至1MPa,保压45min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得成品。
对比例2
(1)将干燥处理过的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.06MPa,保压45min后,注入重量百分比为1.5%的三聚氰胺二甲基亚砜溶液,加压至0.5MPa,保压9h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,将杉木试样在去离子水中浸泡30min,再于60℃下风干48h,制得三聚氰胺改性杉木试样;
(2)将三聚氰胺改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04MPa,保压45min后,注入重量百分比为0.6%的氰尿酸乙醇溶液,加压至0.5MPa,保压12h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样;
(3)将三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.03MPa,保压40min后,注入重量百分比为8%的尿素水溶液,加压至0.7MPa,保压30min,卸压;取出杉木试样,于100℃下处理3h,制得成品。
所述杉木试样按GB/T1929-2009进行截取。
将三组实施例和两组对比例制得的杉木试样浸泡在80℃的去离子水中,定期(1d、3d、7d和15d)取出,擦拭干净,干燥后按ISO 5660-1:2015进行阻燃性测试,性能测试结果如表1所示。表1性能测试结果
从实施例和对比例的测试结果可以看出,通过γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的化学键合作用,将三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐稳定地键合在杉木的表面,可以显著提高杉木的阻燃抑烟性和阻燃抑烟稳定性,
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的优选实施例,如前所述,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施例的排除,而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本文所述发明构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法,其特征在于:先用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液对杉木板材进行一次真空加压浸注处理,再用三聚氰胺溶液对杉木板材进行二次真空加压浸注处理,然后用氰尿酸溶液对杉木板材进行三次真空加压浸注处理,最后用尿素溶液对杉木板材进行四次真空加压浸注处理;具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将干燥处理过的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02~0.08MPa,保压30~60min后,注入重量百分比为2~6%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷乙醇溶液,加压至0.5~1.5MPa,保压30~60min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04~0.08MPa,保压30~60min后,注入重量百分比为1~2%的三聚氰胺二甲基亚砜溶液,加压至0.2~0.8MPa,保压6~12h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4h后,将杉木试样在去离子水中浸泡30min,再于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和三聚氰胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02~0.06MPa,保压30~60min后,注入重量百分比为0.2~1%的氰尿酸乙醇溶液,加压至0.2~0.8MPa,保压8~16h,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4h后,取出杉木试样,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样;
(4)将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.01~0.04MPa,保压30~60min后,注入重量百分比为5~10%的尿素水溶液,加压至0.5~1MPa,保压20~40min,卸压;取出杉木试样,于80~120℃下处理2~4h,制得所述阻燃抑烟杉木板材。
2.根据权利要求1所述杉木板材的阻燃抑烟改性方法,其特征在于:所述杉木试样按GB/T 1929-2009进行截取。
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