CN114180968A - 一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法 - Google Patents
一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,属于透明陶瓷制备技术领域。一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,包括下述工艺步骤:将Isobam‑104分散剂于去离子水中超声分散,再加入AlON粉体继续超声分散,得到AlON悬浊液;将AlON悬浊液在‑0.1MPa真空度条件下除泡,得浆料;将浆料注入石膏模具中,在温度20‑35℃、湿度40‑80%环境中静置1‑2小时,得坯体;将坯体取出后在电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中30‑40℃烘干6‑12h;所得AlON坯体在氮气环境中,1880℃保温2.5小时,制得高透光性AlON透明陶瓷。该AlON坯体快速成型技术为大尺寸、异型构件高品质坯体成型提供了技术解决方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,属于透明陶瓷制备技术领域。
背景技术
AlON陶瓷具有立方尖晶石结构特征,其透过率高(>80%)、透波范围宽(200-6000nm),同时还拥有优异的力学性能,如高强度、高硬度、高断裂韧性等,是高温红外窗口、透明装甲、防爆视窗等的优选透明窗口材料,可广泛应用于军民领域中。此外,AlON透明陶瓷可采用无压烧结、无压烧结结合热等静压烧结制备的工艺特点,使其在同类材料中更具竞争力。
坯体成型是无压烧结制备陶瓷的关键一步,对陶瓷无压烧结能否实现起着至关重要的作用。AlON陶瓷坯体成型既可采用干法成型,也可采用湿法成型,其中,干法成型适用于制备尺寸较小、形状简单的坯体,通常利用直接加压结合冷等静压的手段以减小坯体致密度不均匀的现象。与之相比,湿法成型可用于制备大尺寸、形状复杂的坯体,而且坯体均匀性较好。但是,湿法成型以性能稳定的悬浊液浆料为基础,同时还需要恰当的养护制度,这都是通过湿法成型获得高品质坯体必须具备的条件。
无水乙醇和水是制备陶瓷浆料常用的液体,考虑到安全性、环保因素以及成本问题,水基浆料更受人们的青睐。但是,AlON粉体与水之间会发生水化反应,水解产物易导致浆料粘度增大,不利于后续浇注,特别是,过多的水化产物还会对烧结致密化过程产生不利影响,从而影响AlON陶瓷的透光性(Jun Wang,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.97(2014)1353–1355;Shanshan Wang,J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.,36(2016)4197–4203)。针对AlON粉体的水解问题,抗水化处理是一种有效的解决途径,在制备水基浆料前,一般通过添加异氰酸盐和四乙烯五胺(Jun Wang,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.97(2014)1353–1355)、磷酸(Shanshan Wang,J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.,36(2016)4197–4203;Kumar,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,99(2016)3220–3225)等对AlON粉体进行抗水化处理,然后再制备浆料,最后通过注凝或注浆成型制备坯体。另一种以水为介质制备AlON浆料的方法是通过控制粉体的粒度来控制水化产物量,使之对浆料粘度和后续致密化烧结影响有限。在控制AlON粉体粒度的前提下,使用Darvan分散剂成功制备了粘度较低的浆料并成型了坯体,该坯体在1880℃保温8小时获得了透过率>80%的陶瓷(Xiannian Sun,Ceram.Inter.46(2020)4850-4856)。可见,对AlON粉体进行抗水化处理和调控粉体粒度都是解决问题的有效途径,但是,在抗水化处理过程中,加入的物质一方面可能引入杂质,对陶瓷的透光性不利,另一方面加入的有机物在排胶过程中挥发,会导致坯体强度不高,给后续装炉操作带来困难。更重要的是,目前,注浆/注凝AlON坯体的成型和养护过程历时都较长(24小时以上),这会对坯体的均匀性产生不利影响,尤其是当构件尺寸较大或形状较复杂时,这种不利影响会更加突出,因此,有必要通过缩短成型时间来提高坯体的均匀性。另外,AlON在致密化烧结过程中其物相转变和微结构演化对粉体粒度非常敏感,而一般AlON浆料采用球磨方法,AlON粉体的二次球磨必然会导致其粒度分布发生变化,使烧结的致密化过程可控性降低,对产品质量控制不利。针对通过调控AlON粉体粒度来控制水化产物量的方法,制备的浆料固含量低(20wt.%),坯体干燥时间仍很长(40℃保温24小时),使高透过率AlON陶瓷的制备需要在1880℃保温8小时,并未发挥出AlON粗粉快速致密化的优势。
总之,AlON陶瓷坯体湿法成型仍面临着巨大挑战,现有手段抗水化过程复杂,添加物质较多易,而且坯体成型过程历时长,坯体质量不佳等问题,这些因素都可能对AlON陶瓷的透光性造成不利影响。因此,简化坯体成型过程、减少各类添加剂种类及掺量、增加坯体固含量、保障坯体中AlON粉体的粒度等,通过制备高品质的水基AlON浆料,有效缩短干燥时间,提高坯体质量,这些是实现大尺寸及复杂形状AlON构件制备需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON陶瓷坯体的方法,以AlON粉体为原料,水为介质,使用Isobam-104作为分散剂,通过超声混合制备高固含量的AlON水基浆料,用于快速注浆成型制备AlON陶瓷坯体。该方法浆料制备过程简单、需要的时间短,坯体在石膏模具中静置较短时间即可脱模,而且脱模后坯体干燥所需时间短。使用该方法制备的AlON坯体致密度高、均匀性好,通过快速无压烧结可获得高透光性的AlON陶瓷。
一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,包括下述工艺步骤:
将Isobam-104分散剂于去离子水中超声分散1-3分钟,再加入AlON粉体继续超声分散10-20分钟,得到AlON悬浊液;将AlON悬浊液在-0.1MPa真空度条件下除泡10-20分钟,得浆料;将浆料注入石膏模具中,在温度20-35℃、湿度40-80%环境中静置1-2小时,得坯体;将坯体取出后于30-40℃烘干6-12h;所得AlON坯体在氮气环境中,1880℃保温2.5小时,制得高透光性AlON透明陶瓷,
其中,所述AlON粉体、去离子水和Isobam-104分散剂的质量比为100:63:0.9-1,所述AlON粉体为添加了0.5wt.%Y2O3烧结助剂的AlON粉体。
本发明所述Isobam-104为异丁烯马来酸酐共聚物,可商业购得。
本发明所述一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,优选还包括去除有机物的步骤,该步骤在将坯体进行烘干后进行。具体为:在将坯体进行烘干后,坯体相对密度为55.32-56.47%,再将坯体于空气环境中煅烧除掉有机物,获得AlON坯体。
本发明所述一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,优选还包括后优化步骤,所述优化为将所得AlON透明陶瓷进行热等静压处理。具体为:将所得透光性AlON透明陶瓷进行热等静压处理,获得透光性更佳的AlON透明陶瓷,具体为:热等静压处理温度为1800-1850℃、保温时间为1-2小时、Ar环境、压力180-200MPa。
本发明所述一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,进一步地,优先将所得AlON透明陶瓷表面磨平、抛光。
本发明所述一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,一个优选的技术方案为:
一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,包括下述工艺步骤:
①配料:按质量比100:63:0.9-1.0分别称量添加了0.5wt.%Y2O3烧结助剂的AlON粉体、去离子水和Isobam-104分散剂;
②AlON悬浊液制备:将去离子水和Isobam-104分散剂超声分散1-3分钟,制得分散剂溶液;再将添加了0.5wt.%Y2O3烧结助剂的AlON粉体倒入制得的分散剂溶液中,继续超声分散10-20分钟,得到AlON悬浊液;将AlON悬浊液在-0.1MPa真空度条件下除泡10-20分钟,得到用于注浆成型的浆料;
③注浆成型:将步骤②制得的AlON悬浊液注入石膏模具中,在温度20-35℃、湿度40-80%环境中静置1-2小时;
④脱模:将步骤③静置后所得坯体从石膏模具中取出,在电热鼓风干燥箱中30-40℃烘干6-12h,烘干后坯体相对密度为55.32-56.47%;
⑤煅烧去除有机物:将步骤④所得坯体放入马弗炉,在空气环境中煅烧除掉有机物,获得AlON坯体;
⑥烧结:将步骤④或⑤所得AlON坯体在氮气环境中进行无压烧结,1880℃保温2.5小时,制得高透光性AlON透明陶瓷。
上述技术方案中,优选所述AlON粉体为纯相,且纯度≥99.9%,D50≥1.5μm。
上述技术方案中,优选步骤②所述超声分散频率为40KHz。
上述技术方案中,优选步骤④将脱模时的环境温度控制在20-35℃、湿度控制在40-70%。
上述技术方案中,优选步骤⑤以5℃/min升温至680℃保温2小时,去除有机物,获得待烧坯体。
本发明提供另一目的是提供由上述方法制得的AlON陶瓷。
一种由所述快速水基注浆成型制备AlON陶瓷的方法制备的AlON透明陶瓷,所述AlON透明陶瓷的致密度大于99.68%、透过率大于80%。
所得AlON透明陶瓷可进一步通过热等静压烧结将其相对密度提高至99.79%、透光性提高到85%以上,获得高透光性AlON透明陶瓷。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明以水作为液相介质,经济环保,且使用单一种类分散剂,通过超声分散方法制备浆料,不仅操作简单易行、效率高,而且AlON粉体粒度可控,有利于保障后续致密化烧结高效进行。同时,AlON浆料固含量高,坯体浇注后脱模时间较短,既有益于实际操作,又缩短了成型时间,而且,脱模后坯体干燥所需时间短,有利于提高坯体致密度和均匀性。干燥后的坯体可短时间煅烧去除有机物再用于制备AlON透明陶瓷,也可以直接放入烧结炉,采取700℃以内低温真空+高温氮气的工艺进行无压烧结制备AlON透明陶瓷。特别是,该高固含量快速成型制备的坯体经快速无压烧结获得的AlON透明陶瓷透过率高(>80%),也可通过热等静压处理进一步提高其透光性,使陶瓷的透光性达到85%以上。该AlON坯体快速成型技术为大尺寸、异型构件高品质坯体成型提供了技术解决方案。
附图说明
图1(a)为AlON粉体形貌形貌图;(b)AlON粉体粒度分布图。
图2 0.9wt.%分散剂、61wt.%固含量浆料制备坯体无压烧结所得AlON陶瓷的样品照片及透过率曲线。
图3 0.9wt.%分散剂、61wt.%固含量浆料的pH值变化情况。
图4 1.0wt.%分散剂、61wt.%固含量浆料制备坯体无压烧结所得AlON陶瓷的样品照片及透过率曲线。
图5热等静压处理后AlON陶瓷的样品照片及透过率曲线。
图6脱模、干燥后的坯体直接通过无压烧结制得AlON陶瓷的样品照片及透过率曲线。
具体实施方式
下述非限制性实施例可以使本领域的普通技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
下述实施例中所述试验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
添加了0.5wt.%Y2O3烧结助剂的AlON粉体形貌和粒度分布见附图1,其D50=2.0微米。在6.3克去离子水中添加Isobam-104分散剂0.09克,超声分散2分钟,再将10克添加了0.5wt.%Y2O3烧结助剂的AlON粉体放入分散剂溶液中,继续超声分散20分钟,制得固含量为61wt.%的AlON悬浊液。AlON悬浊液在-0.1MPa真空度条件下除泡10分钟后,将其注入直径20毫米的石膏模具中,在温度22℃、湿度50%的空气中放置2小时,脱模(脱模时的环境温度控制在22℃、湿度控制在50%),然后在电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中40℃烘干12小时,再将干燥后的坯体放入马弗炉中,以5℃/min升温至680℃保温2小时除掉分散剂,然后将坯体移入气氛烧结炉中,在氮气环境中1880℃保温2.5小时,制得AlON透明陶瓷的相对密度为99.68%,最大透过率为80.1%,样品照片及透过率曲线见附图2。附图3是浆料pH值与时间的关系,表明浆料在坯体成型过程中水化程度变化较小。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别是,Isobam-104分散剂用量为0.1克(即分散剂的用量是AlON粉体质量的1.0%),AlON悬浊液在除泡10分钟,无压烧结所制备的AlON透明陶瓷相对密度为99.67%,2mm厚样品最大透过率为77.8%,样品照片及透光性曲线见附图4。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的区别是,利用实施例1无压烧结获得的AlON陶瓷,在200MPaAr环境中,1850℃保温2小时进行热等静压烧结,所制备的AlON透明陶瓷的相对密度为99.79%,2mm厚样品最大透过率为85.9%,样品照片及透光性曲线见附图5。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1的区别是,浆料固含量为30wt.%,坯体脱模、干燥后省去空气中煅烧除掉有机物的步骤,直接无压烧结制备AlON透明陶瓷,所制备的陶瓷相对密度为99.66%,2mm厚样品最大透过率为78.0%,样品照片及透光性曲线见附图6。
Claims (10)
1.一种快速水基注浆成型制备AlON透明陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:包括下述工艺步骤:
将Isobam-104分散剂于去离子水中超声分散1-3分钟,再加入AlON粉体继续超声分散10-20分钟,得到AlON悬浊液;将AlON悬浊液在-0.1MPa真空度条件下除泡10-20分钟,得浆料;将浆料注入石膏模具中,在温度20-35℃、湿度40-80%环境中静置1-2小时,得坯体;将坯体取出后于30-40℃烘干6-12h;所得AlON坯体在氮气环境中,1880℃保温2.5小时,制得高透光性AlON透明陶瓷,
其中,所述AlON粉体、去离子水和Isobam-104分散剂的质量比为100:63:0.9-1,所述AlON粉体为添加了0.5wt.%Y2O3烧结助剂的AlON粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:将坯体进行烘干后,相对密度为55.32-56.47%,将干燥后的坯体于空气环境中煅烧除掉有机物,再进行烧结制备AlON透明陶瓷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:将所得透光性AlON透明陶瓷进行热等静压处理,获得透光性更佳的AlON透明陶瓷,具体为:热等静压处理温度为1800-1850℃、保温时间为1-2小时、Ar环境、压力180-200MPa。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征在于:将所得AlON透明陶瓷表面磨平、抛光。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:包括下述工艺步骤:
①配料:按质量比100:63:0.9-1.0分别称量添加了0.5wt.%Y2O3烧结助剂的AlON粉体、去离子水和Isobam-104分散剂;
②AlON悬浊液制备:将去离子水和Isobam-104分散剂超声分散1-3分钟,制得分散剂溶液;再将添加了0.5wt.%Y2O3烧结助剂的AlON粉体倒入制得的分散剂溶液中,继续超声分散10-20分钟,得到AlON悬浊液;将AlON悬浊液在-0.1MPa真空度条件下除泡10-20分钟,得到用于注浆成型的浆料;
③注浆成型:将步骤②制得的AlON悬浊液注入石膏模具中,在温度20-35℃、湿度40-80%环境中静置1-2小时;
④脱模:将步骤③静置后所得坯体从石膏模具中取出,在电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中30-40℃烘干6-12h,干燥后坯体相对密度为55.32-56.47%;
⑤煅烧去除有机物:将步骤④所得坯体放入马弗炉,在空气环境中煅烧除掉有机物,获得AlON坯体;
⑥烧结:将步骤④或⑤所得AlON坯体在氮气环境中进行无压烧结,1880℃保温2.5小时,制得高透光性AlON透明陶瓷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤②所述超声分散频率为40KHz。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤④将脱模时的环境温度控制在20-35℃、湿度控制在40-80%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤⑤以5℃/min升温至680℃保温2小时,去除有机物,获得待烧坯体。
9.一种由权利要求1所述方法制备的AlON透明陶瓷,其特征在于:所述AlON透明陶瓷的致密度大于99.68%、透过率大于80%。
10.根据权利要求9所述的AlON透明陶瓷,其特征在于:所述AlON透明陶瓷经热等静压处理,相对密度提高至99.79%、透光性提高到85%以上。
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