CN114171792B - 一种二次电池电解液及二次电池 - Google Patents
一种二次电池电解液及二次电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114171792B CN114171792B CN202010945994.XA CN202010945994A CN114171792B CN 114171792 B CN114171792 B CN 114171792B CN 202010945994 A CN202010945994 A CN 202010945994A CN 114171792 B CN114171792 B CN 114171792B
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LMRGTZDDPWGCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)F LMRGTZDDPWGCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FZMPLKVGINKUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoro-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(F)C(F)=C1 FZMPLKVGINKUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFWBUVZWCBFSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxy-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1OC YFWBUVZWCBFSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NSSFZNLWTXERTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[dipropyl-(tripropylsilylamino)silyl]propane Chemical compound CCC[Si](CCC)(CCC)N[Si](CCC)(CCC)CCC NSSFZNLWTXERTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTQZKHUEUDPRST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(F)=C1 BTQZKHUEUDPRST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WRWPPGUCZBJXKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 WRWPPGUCZBJXKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- HIDBROSJWZYGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 HIDBROSJWZYGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1CNCC1 HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QHTJSSMHBLGUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QHTJSSMHBLGUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ALGVJKNIAOBBBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2,3-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)propoxy]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCOCC(OCCC#N)COCCC#N ALGVJKNIAOBBBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DWNXGZBXFDNKOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-2-fluoro-1-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1F DWNXGZBXFDNKOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- APDDLLVYBXGBRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diethyl-(triethylsilylamino)silyl]ethane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)N[Si](CC)(CC)CC APDDLLVYBXGBRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043232 butyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- ZRQUIRABLIQJRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ZRQUIRABLIQJRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CBTAIOOTRCAMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound CCOP1(F)=NP(F)(F)=NP(F)(F)=N1 CBTAIOOTRCAMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WXNUAYPPBQAQLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])(F)F.[Li+] Chemical compound B([O-])(F)F.[Li+] WXNUAYPPBQAQLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- UIDUKLCLJMXFEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[SiH3] UIDUKLCLJMXFEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- DGTVXEHQMSJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [O-]P(F)(F)=O DGTVXEHQMSJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- BWUZCLFBFFQLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(C)OC(O)=O BWUZCLFBFFQLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- AUBNQVSSTJZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.[Li+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.[Li+] AUBNQVSSTJZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910006294 Si—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Si] Chemical compound [N].[Si] UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CTIKAHQFRQTTAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)F CTIKAHQFRQTTAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008423 fluorobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCC#N LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolamine Chemical compound NCO XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940087646 methanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical class CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LKSCJMIATJONBS-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium oxalic acid phosphate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Li+].C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+].[Li+] LKSCJMIATJONBS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二次电池电解液及电池,其中,二次电池电解液包括有机溶剂、电解质盐以及添加剂;添加剂同时包括带双键磷化合物添加剂A、二氟磷酸盐和/或四氟磷酸盐添加剂B以及硅氮化合物添加剂C。还提供了一种二次电池,该电池包括壳体及位于壳体内的电芯和如上所述的二次电池电解液。本发明通过同时加入添加剂A、B、C,并对电解液整体配方进行改进,从而提高了含有该种电解液的二次电池的常温以及高温容量保持率,抑制了电池在高温时阻抗增大以及低温时的析锂现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于二次电池技术领域,具体涉及一种二次电池电解液及二次电池。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有能量密度高、循环性能好、储存时间长、自放电小等优点,作为理想的储能装置有望逐步替代传统储能装置,如铅酸电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池等。随着锂离子电池应用的拓展及现代信息技术的发展,对锂离子电池又提出更高的要求,因此如何满足要求成为当前行业内急需解决的问题。
影响锂离子电池的快速充放电的因素有很多。电解液作为锂离子电池的重要组成部分,对电池的性能有着重大的影响。通过改善电解液能够有效地提高电池快速充放电的能力。
中国专利CN100334771C提出了在电解液中添加含有特定浓度的次膦酸酯化合物,能提高电池的高温涓流充电和高温存储性能,但是并未能对循环后的保持率、高温下的鼓胀率和内阻变化率等进行改进,循环性能、倍率性能和安全性能的效果并未得到提高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种循环性能、倍率性能、安全性能得到提高的二次电池电解液及二次电池。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明一方面提供了一种电解液,包括有机溶剂、电解质盐以及添加剂;其中,所述的添加剂包括添加剂A、添加剂B以及添加剂C;
所述的添加剂A为如下结构通式所示物质中的一种或多种:
其中,n为小于等于6的数,R1、R2独立地为碳原子数为1~6之间的烃基、碳原子数为1~6之间的氟烃基或碳原子数为1~6之间的硅烃基;
所述的添加剂B为二氟磷酸盐和/或四氟磷酸盐;
所述的添加剂C为如下结构通式所示物质中的一种或多种:
其中,R3为氢或碳原子数为1~10之间的烃基。
优选地,R1和R2相同。
优选地,CnH2n-1所代表的基团可以是直链,也可以是支链。
优选地,所述的添加剂A为如下结构式所示物质中的一种或多种:
所述的添加剂B为二氟磷酸锂和/或二氟双草酸磷酸锂和/或四氟草酸磷酸锂;
所述的添加剂C为如下结构式所示物质中的一种或多种:
优选地,所述的添加剂A占所述电解液总质量的0.05%~5%;所述的添加剂B占所述电解液总质量的0.05%~2%;所述的添加剂C占所述电解液总质量的0.05%~5%。
进一步优选地,所述的添加剂A占所述电解液总质量的0.1%~2%;所述的添加剂B占所述电解液总质量的0.1%~1%;所述的添加剂C占所述电解液总质量的0.1%~2%。
优选地,所述的有机溶剂为碳酸酯、羧酸酯、醚、砜、亚砜中的一种或是几种;所述的有机溶剂占所述电解液总质量的70%~85%。
进一步优选地,所述的有机溶剂为碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、二氟碳酸乙烯酯、甲基三氟乙基碳酸酯、四氟乙基四氟丙醚、三氟乙基六氟丙基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、r-丁内酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、环丁砜、甲基乙基砜、二甲亚砜中的一种或多种。
进一步优选地,所述的有机溶剂占所述电解液总质量的80%~85%。
优选地,所述的有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯以及碳酸甲乙酯的混合溶液;其中,所述的碳酸乙烯酯、所述的碳酸二甲酯、所述的碳酸甲乙酯的质量比为1:0.5~0.7:1.5~1.8。
进一步优选地,所述的碳酸乙烯酯、所述的碳酸二甲酯、所述的碳酸甲乙酯的质量比为1:0.55~0.65:1.65~1.8。
优选地,所述的电解质盐为LiPF6、NaPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C、Li(C6F5)4B、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、LiBF3 C2F5、LiPF3(C2F5)3中的至少一种。进一步优选地,所述的电解质盐为LiPF6。
优选地,所述电解质盐占所述电解液总质量的10%~25%;进一步优选地,所述电解质盐占所述电解液总质量的10%~15%。
优选地,所述的添加剂还包括占所述电解液总质量0.5%~5%的其他添加剂,所述的其他添加剂为含有双键的环状碳酸酯、含有卤素的环状碳酸酯、磺酸酯、磺酸内酯、硫酸酯、亚硫酸酯、苯化合物、氟代苯化合物、腈类化合物、环醚化合物、磷腈化合物、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、硼化合物、胺化合物、含硅化合物、锂盐型添加剂中的一种或任意混合。
进一步优选地,所述的其他添加剂为碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、甲烷二磺酸亚甲酯、硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯、1,3-丙磺酸内酯、1,3-二氧六环、联苯、环己基苯、叔丁基苯、叔戊基苯、间氟甲苯、3,4-二氟甲苯、4-溴-2-氟苯甲醚、对氟甲苯、对二甲苯、1,2-二甲氧基-4-硝基苯、N-苯基马来酰亚胺、五氟苯甲醚、2,5-二叔丁基、1,4-二甲氧基苯、己二腈、己烷三腈、丁二腈、1,2,3-三(2-氰乙氧基)丙烷、正丁胺、甲醇胺、乙醇胺、N,N-二环己基碳二亚胺、N,N-二乙胺三甲基硅烷、六甲基二硅氮烷、六乙基二硅氮烷、六丙基二硅氮烷、磷酸三苯酯、己二腈、庚二腈、乙氧基五氟环三磷腈、二草酸硼酸锂、草酸二氟硼酸锂、二氟磷酸锂、二氟双草酸磷酸锂、三(三甲基硅烷)硼酸酯、三(三甲基硅烷)磷酸酯、三(1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丙基)亚磷酸、双氟磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或任意混合。
进一步优选地,所述的其他添加剂的质量为所述电解液总质量的0.5%~3%。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种二次电池,所述的二次电池包含上述任一项所述的电解液。
优选地,所述的二次电池还包含壳体、容纳于壳体内的电芯。
进一步优选地,所述的电芯包括正极、负极、介于正极和负极之间的隔膜。所述的隔膜层为本领域常规使用的隔膜。
更进一步优选地,所述的正极包括正极集流体以及位于正极集流体表面的正极材料。
所述的正极材料包括正极活性物质、正极导电剂、正极粘结剂。
所述的正极活性物质优选是LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2、LiNixCoyAl1-x-yO2和LiNixCoyMnzAl1-x-y-zO2(x≥0.8)中的任一种;所述正极导电剂为乙炔黑或碳纳米管;所述正极粘结剂为聚偏氟乙烯。
更进一步优选地,所述的负极包括负极集流体以及位于负极集流体表面的负极材料。
所述的负极材料包括负极活性物质、负极粘结剂。
所述的负极活性物质、负极粘结剂可以为本领域常规使用的负极活性物质、负极粘结剂,例如负极活性物质可以是金属锂、金属氧化物、锂铝合金、石墨以及改性碳材料、硅及其硅氧、硅碳。优选地,所述负极活性物质为石墨。
所述负极材料还可以选择性地包括负极导电剂;所述负极导电剂与正极导电剂可以相同也可以不相同,均为本领域常规使用的导电剂。
本发明中提供的二次电池电解液含有带双键的磷化合物作为添加剂A,在电池充放电过程中,一方面能优先溶剂还原,在负极表面生成含P-F的稳定均一保护膜;另一方面通过在正极和电解液的界面处优先于电解液(溶剂、锂盐)分解而氧化,形成均一的聚合物保护层。含有的二氟磷酸盐和/或四氟磷酸盐添加剂B,在电池充放电过程中,生成了具有高的锂离子导通性的保护膜,一方面提高的Li+的传输,另一方面可以抑制电解液的持续分解,阻止金属离子的溶出。含有的硅氮化合物添加剂C,在电池充放电过程中,该添加剂中的Si-N键断裂,生成能耐40℃高温的物质三甲基氟硅烷TMSF,进而降低电解液中的HF含量,减少了对电池正负极材料表面的侵蚀,提高了材料表面膜的稳定性。
本发明通过对以上几种化合物添加剂的组合,发挥化合物中双键、P元素、F元素、Si元素、N元素的协同作用,得到了一种能提高二次电池常温以及高温容量保持率,抑制在高温时阻抗增大以及低温时析锂的二次电池电解液。
由于上述技术方案运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
本发明通过在二次电池电解液中同时添加带双键磷化合物的添加剂A、二氟磷酸盐和/或四氟磷酸盐添加剂B以及硅氮化合物添加剂C,结合有机溶剂、电解质盐和其他添加剂的配方协同,将其整体优化,使得二次电池电解液能够提高电池的常温/高温循环保持率、低温倍率放电,降低高温鼓胀率和内阻变化率。进一步改善二次电池的常温以及高温容量,高温时阻抗升高以及低温时的析锂情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。但本发明并不限于以下实施例。实施例中采用的实施条件可以根据具体使用的不同要求做进一步调整,未注明的实施条件为本行业中的常规条件。本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
电解液的制备:
本发明中的具体实施方式按照表1所述的配方配制电池电解液。其中,表中涉及到的物质名称为1,3-丙磺酸内酯(PS)、氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)、双氟磺酰亚胺锂(LiFSI)、碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二甲酯(DEC)和碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)。
表1
表1中涉及到的添加剂A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2和C3的结构式/名称如下:
A1:A2:/>A3:/>
B1:二氟磷酸锂;B2:二氟双草酸磷酸锂;B3:四氟草酸磷酸锂;
C1:C2:/>C3:/>
二次电池的制备:
将对比例1和实施例1-12得到的电解液注入到同批次的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)的3Ah聚合物软包电池中,分别测试电池在4.2V下的常温(1000周)和高温60℃(600周)的循环保持率,见表2;测试电池在高温60°下搁置7天的鼓胀率和内阻变化率,见表3;测试电池在低温-20℃下不同倍率放电情况,见表4。
表2
表3
表4
-20℃/0.2C放电/mAh | -20℃/0.5C放电/mAh | -20℃/1.0C放电/mAh | |
对比例1 | 2553.6 | 2324.8 | 1572.7 |
实施例1 | 2739.6 | 2496.8 | 1745.4 |
实施例2 | 2737.5 | 2481.2 | 1702.3 |
实施例3 | 2719.2 | 2401.0 | 1768.6 |
实施例4 | 2640.0 | 2399.1 | 1653.1 |
实施例5 | 2700.9 | 2461.5 | 1690.8 |
实施例6 | 2606.4 | 2386.1 | 1667.6 |
实施例7 | 2676.7 | 2456.7 | 1714.8 |
实施例8 | 2598.4 | 2383.5 | 1613.0 |
实施例9 | 2639.2 | 2398.1 | 1637.2 |
实施例10 | 2752.3 | 2550.0 | 1751.4 |
实施例11 | 2705.7 | 2510.8 | 1688.2 |
实施例12 | 2800.9 | 2607.5 | 2050.1 |
由上表格可知,根据本发明的技术方案获得的实施例无论是常温/高温循环保持率、高温鼓胀率和内阻变化率还是低温倍率放电的情况都优于对比例制备的电池。可见,本发明的技术方案得到的非水电解液能够进一步改善电池的常温以及高温循环性能,高温时阻抗效果及低温时的析锂现象。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述,其目的在于让熟悉此领域技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围,凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种二次电池电解液,包括有机溶剂、电解质盐以及添加剂;其特征在于:所述的添加剂包括添加剂A、添加剂B以及添加剂C;
所述的添加剂A为如下结构式所示物质中的一种或多种:
所述的添加剂B为二氟磷酸锂和/或二氟双草酸磷酸锂和/或四氟草酸磷酸锂;
所述的添加剂C为如下结构式所示物质中的一种或多种:
所述的添加剂A占所述电解液总质量的0.05%~5%;所述的添加剂B占所述电解液总质量的0.05%~2%;所述的添加剂C占所述电解液总质量的0.05%~5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的二次电池电解液,其特征在于:所述的添加剂A占所述电解液总质量的0.1%~2%;所述的添加剂B占所述电解液总质量的0.1%~1%;所述的添加剂C占所述电解液总质量的0.1%~2%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的二次电池电解液,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂为碳酸酯、羧酸酯、醚、砜、亚砜中的一种或是几种;所述的有机溶剂占所述电解液总质量的70%~85%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的二次电池电解液,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂为碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、二氟碳酸乙烯酯、甲基三氟乙基碳酸酯、四氟乙基四氟丙醚、三氟乙基六氟丙基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、r-丁内酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、环丁砜、甲基乙基砜、二甲亚砜中的一种或多种;所述的有机溶剂占所述电解液总质量的80%~85%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的二次电池电解液,其特征在于:所述的电解质盐为LiPF6、NaPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C、Li(C6F5)4B、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、LiBF3 C2F5、LiPF3(C2F5)3中的至少一种,并且所述电解质盐占所述电解液总质量的10%~25%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的二次电池电解液,其特征在于:所述的电解质盐为LiPF6,所述电解质盐占所述电解液总质量的10%~15%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的二次电池电解液,其特征在于:所述的添加剂还包括占所述电解液总质量0.5%~5%的其他添加剂;所述的其他添加剂为碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、甲烷二磺酸亚甲酯、硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯、1,3-丙磺酸内酯、1,3-二氧六环、联苯、环己基苯、叔丁基苯、叔戊基苯、间氟甲苯、3,4-二氟甲苯、4-溴-2-氟苯甲醚、对氟甲苯、对二甲苯、1,2-二甲氧基-4-硝基苯、N-苯基马来酰亚胺、五氟苯甲醚、2,5-二叔丁基、1,4-二甲氧基苯、己烷三腈、丁二腈、1,2,3-三(2-氰乙氧基)丙烷、正丁胺、甲醇胺、乙醇胺、N,N-二环己基碳二亚胺、N,N-二乙胺三甲基硅烷、六乙基二硅氮烷、六丙基二硅氮烷、磷酸三苯酯、己二腈、庚二腈、乙氧基五氟环三磷腈、二草酸硼酸锂、草酸二氟硼酸锂、三(三甲基硅烷)硼酸酯、三(三甲基硅烷)磷酸酯、三(1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丙基)亚磷酸、双氟磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或任意混合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的二次电池电解液,其特征在于:所述的其他添加剂的质量为所述电解液总质量的0.5%~3%。
9.一种二次电池,其特征在于:采用权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电解液。
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