CN114163368A - 合成硫醚化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了合成硫醚化合物及其制备方法,所述制备方法包括:将α‑酮酸酯与三(二甲胺基)膦在极性溶剂中生成活性中间体,通过所述活性中间体与硫醇化合物反应得到所述合成硫醚化合物,本发明的制备方法原料简单易得、成本低、工艺简单,适于工业化应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及硫醚化合物的技术领域。
背景技术
硫醚化合物在生命科学、医药、农业、材料科学、食品科学、有机合成等领域都广泛存在并具有重要的应用价值,因此发展简洁、高效、实用的合成方法制备多样化的硫醚化合物,及运用新方法、新策略解决现今制备某些特征含硫醚化合物中遇到的挑战具有十分重要的意义。这不仅能为广大药物化学家提供可选择的优良方法,提供丰富的含硫醚化合物库,加快药物研发进展,同时也可助力其他相关领域科学研究的发展。
S-H插入反应是合成硫醚化合物的一种最直接的合成方法,但该合成方法需要以稳定性较差、获得较为困难的重氮化合物作为原料,制备成本高,且工艺过程复杂,使其工业化应用受到限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种使用重氮化合物的前体α-酮酸酯发生S-H插入反应制备合成硫醚化合物的方法及所得硫醚化合物,该方法可很好地解决重氮化合物易分解、不稳定等问题,原料简单易得,成本低,工艺简单,适于工业化应用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
合成硫醚化合物的制备方法,其包括:
通过式I所示的化合物与三(二甲胺基)膦在极性溶剂中进行Kukhtin-Ramirez反应,获得活性中间体;
通过所述活性中间体与式II所示的化合物进行巯基插入反应,获得式III所示的所述合成硫醚化合物;
其中:
其中,R1选自吸电或供电基团取代的或未取代的苯基、环己基、C4~C10的长链烷烃、呋喃、噻吩、萘基中的任一种;
R2选自吸电或供电基团取代的或未取代的苯基、呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、萘基、吡啶中的任一种。
根据本发明的一些优选实施方式,所述式I所示的化合物与所述式II所示的化合物与所述三(二甲胺基)膦的物质的量之比为1:1:(1~1.1)。
根据本发明的一些优选实施方式,所述制备方法具体包括:
将所述式I所示的化合物、所述式II所示的化合物加入所述极性溶剂中,得到混合溶剂;
在-80℃~-76℃下向所述混合溶剂中加入所述三(二甲胺基)膦,其后缓慢升温至室温进行反应;
将反应后的体系进行溶剂去除及柱层析洗脱,获得所述合成硫醚化合物。
根据本发明的一些优选实施方式,所述混合溶剂中,所述式I所示的化合物的浓度为0.09~0.11mol/L,和/或,所述式II所示的化合物的浓度为0.09~0.11mol/L,和/或,所述三(二甲胺基)膦的浓度为0.09~0.11mol/L。
根据本发明的一些优选实施方式,所述洗脱中,使用的洗脱剂为体积比6:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯。
根据本发明的一些优选实施方式,加入所述三(二甲胺基)膦后的所述反应的时间为6~10h。
根据本发明的一些优选实施方式,所述极性溶剂选自二氯甲烷。
本发明进一步提供了根据上述任一制备方法制备得到的合成硫醚化合物。
根据本发明的一些优选实施方式,所述合成硫醚化合物具有以下结构式中的任一种:
本发明的制备方法通过使用重氮化合物的前体α-酮酸酯发生S-H插入反应来合成一系列硫醚化合物,从而可以很好的解决重氮化合物易分解,不稳定等问题,且该制备方法原料简单易得,成本低,操作工艺简单,适于工业化应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例2所得产品的核磁氢谱图。
图2为实施例2所得产品的核磁碳谱图。
图3为实施例3所得产品的核磁氢谱图。
图4为实施例3所得产品的核磁碳谱图。
图5为实施例4所得产品的核磁氢谱图。
图6为实施例4所得产品的核磁碳谱图。
图7为实施例5所得产品的核磁氢谱图。
图8为实施例5所得产品的核磁碳谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细描述,但需要理解的是,所述实施例和附图仅用于对本发明进行示例性的描述,而并不能对本发明的保护范围构成任何限制。所有包含在本发明的发明宗旨范围内的合理的变换和组合均落入本发明的保护范围。
根据本发明的技术方案,一些合成硫醚化合物的具体制备方法的反应过程如下:
其中:R自吸电或供电基团取代的或未取代的苯基、呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、吡啶等。
在具体实施中,式I所示的α-酮酸酯可进一步通过现有技术进行合成;式II所示的硫醇化合物可通过商业购买,化合物I与三(二甲胺基)膦在二氯甲烷溶剂中生成Kukhtin-Ramirez中间体,然后于-78℃与硫醇发生S-H插入反应得到式III所示化合物后,其后可在减压条件下除去有机溶剂,经柱层析洗脱得到目标化合物III。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步的展示,在以下所有实施例中,核磁谱图检测通过Bruker 600MHz仪器在CDCl3中获得,δ值为内标相对值(CDCl3定标为δ7.261HNMR和77.0013C NMR),高分辨质谱(HRMS)通过QToF质谱仪器得到。
实施例1
在100ml的反应两口烧瓶中加入转子与称取的0.36g镁粉,在两口烧瓶上口处接恒压滴液漏斗与冷凝管,接好后用封口胶进行密封处理,通过抽真空、通氩气的条件下,排除反应装置中的空气,形成无水无氧的操作环境,然后向反应装置中加入25ml四氢呋喃,置于搅拌器上开始搅拌,在氩气保护下,将式1所示的化合物1使用四氢呋喃溶液(吲哚2.625g,四氢呋喃5ml)配制好后倒入恒压滴液漏斗中缓慢滴加,滴加完成后加热回流,待完全反应后,在-78℃下将反应液滴加到溶有1.4ml式3所示的化合物的四氢呋喃溶液里,待完全反应后将反应用50ml氯化铵溶液经行逆淬灭,其后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,并将所有机相合并,在有机相中加入无水硫酸钠干燥,然后进行抽滤,将所收集的滤液旋蒸浓缩经柱层析洗脱,其中,柱色谱中石油醚(PE):乙酸乙酯(EA)=15:1,得到式I所示的产物,其反应式如下:
实施例2
在25ml反应试管中加入磁子,然后称取0.0178g(0.1mmol)式I-1所示的化合物、0.0124g(0.1mmol)式II-1所示的化合物溶于1ml二氯甲烷中,在-78℃下加入催化剂三(二甲胺基)膦0.0179g(0.1mmol)加入试管后,缓慢升至室温反应,8h后反应完全。减压条件下除去有机溶剂,进行柱层析洗脱,柱色谱石油醚(PE):乙酸乙酯(EA)=6:1得到式III-1所示的目标产物,该产物III-1为液体,产率92%,其反应式如下:
其核磁氢谱、碳谱分别如附图1、2所示,且氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱表征结果如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.31(dt,J=19.4,7.3Hz,5H),7.08(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.84(s,1H),4.18–4.07(m,2H),2.32(s,3H),1.18(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ170.60,143.90,136.23,131.68,129.04,128.53,128.48,128.17,128.15,77.25,77.03,76.82,61.48,55.06,21.85,13.89。
HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd for C17H18O2SH+[M-H+]286.1028,found 286.1027。
实施例3
在25ml反应试管中加入磁子,然后称取0.0178g(0.1mmol)式I-2所示的化合物、0.0111g(0.1mmol)式II-2所示的化合物溶于1ml二氯甲烷中,在-78℃下加入催化剂三(二甲胺基)膦0.0179g(0.1mmol)加入试管后,缓慢升至室温反应,8h后反应完全,减压条件下除去有机溶剂,柱层析洗脱,柱色谱石油醚(PE):乙酸乙酯(EA)=6:1得产物即为式III-2所示的目标产物,该产物III-2为液体,产率99%,其反应式如下:
其核磁氢谱、碳谱分别如附图3、4所示,且氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱表征结果如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.33(dd,J=4.9,0.7Hz,1H),7.46–7.42(m,2H),7.41–7.37(m,1H),7.29–7.21(m,3H),7.09(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.91(ddd,J=7.3,5.0,0.9Hz,1H),5.60(s,1H),4.18(dq,J=10.8,7.1Hz,1H),4.06(dq,J=10.8,7.1Hz,1H),1.15(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ170.79,157.62,149.33,136.04,135.26,128.80,128.62,128.29,121.81,119.91,61.76,51.79,14.08。
HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd for C15H15NO2SH+[M-H+]273.0823,found 273.0826。
实施例4
在25ml反应试管中加入磁子,然后称取0.0178g(0.1mmol)式I-3所示的化合物、0.0100g(0.1mmol)式II-3所示的化合物溶于1ml二氯甲烷中,在-78℃下加入三(二甲胺基)膦0.0179g(0.1mmol)加入试管后,缓慢升至室温反应,8h后反应完全,减压条件下除去有机溶剂,柱层析洗脱,柱色谱石油醚(PE):乙酸乙酯(EA)=6:1得产物即为式III-3所示的目标产物,该产物III-3为液体,产率95%,其反应式如下:
其核磁氢谱、碳谱如附图5、6所示,且氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱表征结果如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.31–7.27(m,2H),7.26–7.23(m,3H),7.05(s,2H),5.10(s,1H),4.18–4.08(m,2H),1.15(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ170.88,136.90,135.11,128.78,128.45,128.25,77.25,77.04,76.83,62.15,55.76,13.92。
HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd for C13H14N2O2SH+[M-H+]262.0776,found 262.0776.实施例5
在25ml反应试管中加入磁子,然后称取0.0184g(0.1mmol)式I-4所示的化合物、0.0110g(0.1mmol)式II-4所示的化合物溶于1ml二氯甲烷中,在-78℃下加入催化剂三(二甲胺基)膦0.0179g(0.1mmol)加入试管后,缓慢升至室温反应,8h后反应完全,减压条件下除去有机溶剂,柱层析洗脱,柱色谱石油醚(PE):乙酸乙酯(EA)=6:1得产物即为式III-4所示的目标产物,该产物III-4为液体,产率97%,其反应式如下:
其核磁氢谱、碳谱如附图7、8所示,且氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱表征结果如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45–7.41(m,2H),7.29(tt,J=5.1,4.7Hz,4H),7.05(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),6.93(dd,J=5.1,3.6Hz,1H),5.17(s,1H),4.20–4.13(m,2H),1.20(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ169.64,137.67,133.51,133.08,128.97,128.50,127.35,126.60,126.46,77.24,77.03,76.82,61.94,51.58,13.96。
HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd for C14H14O2S2H+[M-H+]278.0435,found 278.0437。
以上实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例。凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应该指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下的改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,其中,所述式I所示的化合物与所述式II所示的化合物与所述三(二甲胺基)膦的物质的量之比为1:1:(1~1.1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,其具体包括:
将所述式I所示的化合物、所述式II所示的化合物加入所述极性溶剂中,得到混合溶剂;
在-80℃~-76℃下向所述混合溶剂中加入所述三(二甲胺基)膦,其后缓慢升温至室温进行反应;
将反应后的体系进行溶剂去除及柱层析洗脱,获得所述合成硫醚化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合溶剂中,所述式I所示的化合物的浓度为0.09~0.11mol/L,和/或,所述式II所示的化合物的浓度为0.09~0.11mol/L,和/或,所述三(二甲胺基)膦的浓度为0.09~0.11mol/L。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述洗脱中,使用的洗脱剂为体积比6:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的时间为6~10h。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述极性溶剂选自二氯甲烷。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的合成硫醚化合物。
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