CN114160108B - 一种用于船体表面的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料 - Google Patents
一种用于船体表面的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于功能材料技术领域，且公开了一种用于船体表面的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料，所述复合材料以被乙醇浸泡后的不锈钢网为支撑基板再喷涂由改性二氧化硅‑二氧化钛颗粒、环氧树脂、硅胶、聚二甲基硅氧烷和无水乙醇的混合溶液后干燥制成。本发明通过参照红颈鸟翼凤蝶，仿生制造出集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料，该材料表面的微纳结构由一系列微米级别的平行的脊组成，每条脊上分布有纳米级乳突状结构，令其具备明显的亲油疏水特性，可以大大减少在水中或者油水混合介质中船只的水阻，有效提高航行效率，并且制作工艺简便，成本低廉，节能环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料技术领域，具体为一种用于船体表面的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料。
背景技术
仿生材料是为了模仿生物的各种特点或者特性而开发出来的材料，由此诞生出了仿生学的重要分支，即仿生材料学，该学科领域由化学，生物学和材料学等交织而成，是目前科学界争相研究的热门领域之一。
本发明涉及到的仿生材料以生活在马来西亚热带雨林中的红颈鸟翼凤蝶为原型，该品种蝴蝶的翅鳞结构如图1所示，得益于其表面的微米级别平行脊以及平行脊上分布的纳米级乳突状结构，其具有良好的疏水和亲油特性。
如今，石油污染已成为海水污染的主要来源。回收泄漏的石油一直是困扰人们的重大问题之一，而且原油收集船在含油海水中面临巨大阻力。然而，传统减阻材料主要体现在抗阻力能力不足，无法在水面和油水混合界面有效减阻。尽管有部分材料可实现超润湿性或减阻特性，但采用一种简单、易操作的方法在金属基底材料表面制备出兼具超润湿性和减阻特性的组合功能材料表面的研究报道却很少；与此同时，在所报道的文献及专利中，大多数采用生物模板法为制备方法的单一的非润湿表面，且仍面临着强度低、机械强度差、耐磨性不强、容易被外力破坏、实用性差，无法大规模制备的问题，限制了其应用的广泛程度。因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于船体表面的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种用于船体表面的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料，所述复合材料以被乙醇浸泡后的不锈钢网为支撑基板再喷涂由改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛颗粒、环氧树脂、硅胶、聚二甲基硅氧烷和无水乙醇的混合溶液后干燥制成。
优选的，所述混合溶液中环氧树脂、硅胶和聚二甲基硅氧烷组成的混合胶体与改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛之间的质量比为1:3。
优选的，所述复合材料的仿生对象选自热带雨林中的红颈鸟翼凤蝶。
优选的，所述改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛颗粒由二氧化钛颗粒、正硅酸乙酯、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、30％氨水和无水乙醇按质量比1：4：3：2：50混合再通过超声波震荡仪震荡10小时后离心制得。
优选的，所述二氧化钛颗粒的粒径为5-10微米。
优选的，所述正硅酸乙酯在混合前经过减压抽滤处理。
优选的，所述超声波震荡仪在震荡过程中的工作温度为40℃。
优选的，所述混合溶液为改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛和颗粒由环氧树脂、硅胶、聚二甲基硅氧烷构成的混合胶体依次放入无水乙醇中并利用磁力搅拌器搅拌而成。
优选的，所述不锈钢网喷涂混合溶液后的干燥温度为100℃，干燥时长为120min。
优选的，浸泡所述不锈钢网的乙醇体积浓度为99.8％且浸泡时间为10min。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1、本发明通过参照红颈鸟翼凤蝶，仿生制造出集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料，该材料表面的微纳结构由一系列微米级别的平行的脊组成，每条脊上分布有纳米级乳突状结构，令其具备明显的亲油疏水特性，可以大大减少在水中或者油水混合介质中船只的水阻，有效提高航行效率，并且制作工艺简便，成本低廉，节能环保。
2、本发明通过利用仿生材料本身的亲油特性，当铺设了本发明的复合材料船只在油水混合介质中航行时，例如清理原油污染的特种船只，油会附着在材料的表面形成油膜，进一步增强船只减小水阻的能力，进一步提高航行速度，可有效提高船只的工作效率。
附图说明
图1为红颈鸟翼凤蝶翅膀在扫描电子显微镜下的微观示图；
图2为本发明的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料在扫描电子显微镜下的微观示图；
图3为本发明三种收集船模型在第一测试平台中的速度随时间变化曲线图；
图4为本发明三种收集船模型在第二测试平台中的速度随时间变化曲线图；
图5为本发明收集船的模型示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1至图5所示，本发明实施例中，一种用于船体表面的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料，包括以下步骤：
(1)、取一片不锈钢网基底，基底大小不限，用乙醇冲洗干净；
(2)、取粒径5-10微米之间的二氧化钛、正硅酸乙酯(减压抽滤后)、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、30％氨水和无水乙醇按质量比1：4：3：2：50的比例混合，置于烧杯中，然后利用超声波震荡仪在40℃条件下，反应10h，离心后得到改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛颗粒；
(3)、利用分析天平称取改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛颗粒和聚二甲基环氧烷/环氧树脂/硅胶。将其依次倒入无水乙醇中，在磁力搅拌器上搅拌10min；
(4)、利用喷壶(喷孔直径1mm)将溶液喷至不锈钢铁网表面，后置入真空干燥箱干燥得到仿生油水分离及减阻材料，也即集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料，材料在扫描电子显微镜下，具备明显的一系列微米级平行脊，每条平行脊上还分布有纳米级乳突状结构。
步骤(1)中用乙醇溶液浸泡的时间为10分钟，乙醇溶液的体积浓度为99.8％；
步骤(2)中的烧杯的容积为250mL；
步骤(3)鼓风干燥箱温度设置为100℃，加热时间为120min。
并搭建两种测试平台予以检测，分别是以水为介质的第一测试平台和以油水混合物为介质的第二测试平台；
制作三个不同的收集船模型，分别为空白收集船、仿生减阻表面收集船和铁丝网收集船，三个收集船处了其表面应用的材料之外，其余的各项参数均一致。
其中，空白收集船为表面不加任何材料的收集船模型；仿生减阻表面收集船为船体表面铺设了集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料的收集船模型；铁丝网收集船为船体表面仅仅铺设有铁丝网的收集船模型，且上述的三种收集船重量、外形等参数均相同。
将上述三种收集船准备完毕后，放入到以水为介质的第一测试平台中测试，图3中的曲线图为在水中各收集船的速度随着时间的变化示意图，可以很清晰的看出，表面铺设了集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料的收集船(即试样)加速最快，由此可以反映出其受到的水阻力最小；
随后在将上述实验中的三种船只放入到油水混合介质的第二测试平台中测试，图4中的曲线图为在水中个收集船的速度随着时间的变化示意图，可以看到表面铺设了复合材料的收集船在水中加速最快，因此其在油水混合介质中受到的水阻是三种收集船中最小的，根据曲线可知，其受到的水阻相比于其余两个收集船，减阻效率达到了35％以上。并且对比于第一测试平台中的速度数据，第二测试平台中的试样船在单位时间内速度提升的更快，这是由于本发明制得的集油减阻仿生多孔网状复合材料，具备疏水亲油的特征，其在油水混合的介质中航行时，材料表面可以将油吸附，进而在船体的表面形成油膜，增强其疏水性，提高其减小水阻的能力，相辅相成。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (1)
1.一种仿生多孔网状复合材料在船体表面集油减阻中的应用，其特征在于：所述复合材料以被乙醇浸泡后的不锈钢网为支撑基板再喷涂由改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛颗粒、环氧树脂、硅胶、聚二甲基硅氧烷和无水乙醇的混合溶液后干燥制成，所得的材料表面的微纳结构由一系列微米级别的平行的脊组成，每条脊上分布有纳米级乳突状结构；
所述混合溶液中环氧树脂、硅胶和聚二甲基硅氧烷组成的混合胶体与改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛之间的质量比为1:3；
所述复合材料的仿生对象选自热带雨林中的红颈鸟翼凤蝶；
所述改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛颗粒由二氧化钛颗粒、正硅酸乙酯、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、30％氨水和无水乙醇按质量比1：4：3：2：50混合再通过超声波震荡仪震荡10小时后离心制得；
所述二氧化钛颗粒的粒径为5-10微米；
所述正硅酸乙酯在混合前经过减压抽滤处理；
所述超声波震荡仪在震荡过程中的工作温度为40℃；
所述混合溶液为改性二氧化硅-二氧化钛颗粒和由环氧树脂、硅胶、聚二甲基硅氧烷构成的混合胶体依次放入无水乙醇中并利用磁力搅拌器搅拌而成；
所述不锈钢网喷涂混合溶液后的干燥温度为100℃，干燥时长为120min；
浸泡所述不锈钢网的乙醇体积浓度为99.8％且浸泡时间为10min。
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