CN114158650A - Fermented full-mixed soft-particle starter feed for young ruminants and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fermented full-mixed soft-particle starter feed for young ruminants and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114158650A CN114158650A CN202111473709.XA CN202111473709A CN114158650A CN 114158650 A CN114158650 A CN 114158650A CN 202111473709 A CN202111473709 A CN 202111473709A CN 114158650 A CN114158650 A CN 114158650A
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- Prior art keywords
- starter
- powder
- particle
- fermented
- bacillus
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
- A23K10/28—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin from waste dairy products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/123—Bulgaricus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
The invention provides a fermented fully-mixed soft-particle starter feed for young ruminants, and relates to the technical field of feed processing. The fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter is mainly prepared by co-fermenting a composite probiotic starter and a fully-mixed hard particle starter; the composite leaven is prepared by mixing strains such as lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis, clostridium butyricum, bacillus natto and the like according to a reasonable proportion. Meanwhile, the preparation process of the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter is optimized, the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter prepared under the optimal preparation process condition effectively improves the taste of the starter, obviously increases the feed intake of lambs, obviously reduces the material-weight ratio, effectively reduces the diarrhea rate of the lambs in the lactation period, obviously improves the growth and development speed of the lambs during the early weaning period, improves the fat condition and has a promoting effect on the growth performance of the lambs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a fermented full-mixed soft-particle appetizing feed for young ruminants and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lactation period and the pre-weaning period of the young ruminants are important stages of growth and development of the ruminants and are also key periods of directional breeding. The young ruminants have high requirements on nutrient substances in the lactation period, and the nutrient requirements of the young ruminants for fast maturity, growth and development cannot be met by simple lactation. Mucus removal, correct navel breaking, foot feeding colostrum, early weaning and the like are key technologies for feeding and managing the young ruminants, and the core of the early weaning technology of the young ruminants is to limit the feeding amount of liquid feed and supplement vegetable feed or solid starter feed in the early period. Researches show that the early-stage supplementary solid feed has a great promoting effect on the development of early rumen, the stimulation on the development of rumen mainly comprises physical stimulation and chemical stimulation of fermentation products, various volatile fatty acids and the like, and the physical stimulation of the appropriate solid feed is a main reason for influencing the development of rumen muscle layer. Early feeding of a suitable solid feed is therefore critical to the success of early weaning in young ruminants. The digestive tract microorganisms of the young ruminants are basically in a blank state, a specific microflora is formed after birth under the influence of the environment, and the feeding of probiotics at the time can help the young ruminants to establish a dominant flora.
The starter feed aims at meeting the growth and development requirements of the young ruminants before and after weaning, is specially prepared into a special solid feed, and plays a vital bridge role in promoting the young ruminants to feed mainly from milk or milk substitutes and to completely feed vegetable feeds. According to the physical shape of the starter, the starter can be divided into a granulated starter, a powdered starter, a crushed starter, a mouthfeel starter, a fermented soft-granulated starter, and the like. Under the influence of the production level of mutton sheep, the research on starter of young ruminants is very little, and with the emergence of the rapid fattening technology for 6-month-old mutton sheep out of the market, the formula and the products of the granular starter in the market are uneven, and the granular characteristics and the nutrient difference are large, so that the requirement of rapid development of the sheep industry cannot be met.
The expanded corn, baked soybean and amino acid balance technology is widely applied to the production of livestock and poultry, and the fermented soft granules integrate the advantages of the expanded granulation and probiotic fermentation treatment technologies and are popularized and applied as high-quality piglet creep feed. However, in the process of promoting the early weaning technology of the young ruminants, the fermented fully-mixed soft-particle starter feed for the young ruminants is not seen. The invention utilizes paper mulberry feeding technology, TMR technology, baking technology, amino acid balance technology and probiotic fermentation soft particle technology to develop paper mulberry powder fully-mixed fermentation soft particle starter for the young ruminants, and is applied to the early weaning feeding link of the young ruminants.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fermented full-mixed soft-particle starter foodstuff for young ruminants and a preparation method thereof.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the invention provides a fermented whole mixed soft particle starter feed for a young ruminant, wherein the starter feed consists of a whole mixed hard particle starter feed and a composite probiotic starter in a mass ratio of 100: 25-30.
As a further optimization of the fermented whole mixed soft-particle starter material for young ruminants, the whole mixed hard particles consist of the following ingredients in weight percent: 5-10% of corn, 5-10% of pressed corn, 10-20% of baked corn, 0-3% of molasses, 0-5% of whey powder, 5-15% of soybean meal, 3-6% of baked soybean, 5-10% of soybean protein concentrate, 0-6% of milk powder, 0-16% of paper mulberry powder, 0-15% of alfalfa meal, 0-6% of oat straw powder, 0-10% of pagodatree leaf powder, 0-6% of peanut vine powder, 0-7% of alpha-starch, 2-6% of wheat gluten powder, 0.5-1% of glutelin powder, 0-3% of corn starch, 0-1% of dextrin, 0-0.5% of calcium bentonite, 0.5-1% of palygorskite and 0-3% of premix.
As a further optimization of the fermented whole mixed soft-particle starter material for young ruminants, the whole mixed hard particles consist of the following ingredients in weight percent: 9% of corn, 10% of pressed corn, 16% of baked corn, 3% of molasses, 5% of whey powder, 5% of soybean meal, 6% of baked soybean, 10% of soybean protein concentrate, 6% of milk powder, 16% of paper mulberry powder, 2% of oat straw powder, 2% of groundnut stem powder, 3% of alpha-starch, 2% of wheat gluten powder, 1% of gluten powder, 0.5% of calcium bentonite, 0.5% of palygorskite and 3% of premix.
As a further optimization of the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter material for young ruminants, the composite probiotic starter consists of one or more of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis, clostridium butyricum, bacillus natto, yeast cell wall polysaccharide or fructo-oligosaccharide.
As a further optimization of the fermented fully mixed soft-particle starter feed for young ruminants, the composite probiotic starter consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0-30% of lactobacillus plantarum, 0-30% of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 0-30% of bacillus subtilis, 0-30% of bacillus coagulans, 0-30% of bacillus licheniformis, 0-20% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0-20% of candida utilis, 0-10% of clostridium butyricum, 0-10% of bacillus natto, 0-0.5% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 0-1.5% of fructo-oligosaccharide.
As a further optimization of the fermented fully mixed soft-particle starter feed for young ruminants, the composite probiotic starter consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of lactobacillus plantarum, 14% of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 9% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus coagulans, 10% of bacillus licheniformis, 10% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10% of candida utilis, 10% of clostridium butyricum, 10% of bacillus natto, 0.5% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 1.5% of fructo-oligosaccharide.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the fermented fully-mixed soft-particle starter feed for young ruminants, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by weight to prepare the fully-mixed hard particle starter: 5-10% of corn, 5-10% of pressed corn, 10-20% of baked corn, 0-3% of molasses, 5-15% of soybean meal, 3-6% of baked soybean, 5-10% of soybean protein concentrate, 0-5% of whey powder, 0-16% of paper mulberry powder, 0-15% of alfalfa meal, 0-6% of oat straw powder, 0-10% of sophora japonica leaf powder, 0-6% of peanut meal, 0-7% of alpha-starch, 2-6% of wheat gluten powder, 0.5-1% of gluten powder, 0-3% of corn starch, 0-1% of dextrin, 0-0.5% of calcium bentonite premix, 0.5-1% of palygorskite and 0-3% of agent. (ii) a Wherein the paper mulberry powder, the alfalfa powder, the oat straw powder, the pagoda tree leaf powder and the peanut vine powder are not easy to be crushed and too fine, and the general crushing granularity is 1 to 1.4 times of the particle size of the particles to be processed; uniformly mixing the raw materials, granulating by adopting an SZLH520 granulator, and preparing into fully mixed hard granules with the particle size of 4.5mm, wherein the compression ratio of a ring mould is 1: 15-16;
(2) mixing the components in percentage by weight to obtain the composite probiotic starter: 0-30% of lactobacillus plantarum, 0-30% of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 0-30% of bacillus subtilis, 0-30% of bacillus coagulans, 0-30% of bacillus licheniformis, 0-20% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0-20% of candida utilis, 0-10% of clostridium butyricum, 0-10% of bacillus natto, 0-0.5% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 0-1.5% of fructo-oligosaccharide; preheating the composite probiotic starter to 30-37 ℃;
(3) spraying the fully mixed hard particles obtained in the step (1) and the composite probiotic starter obtained in the step (2) on the outer surface of the fully mixed hard particles according to the mass ratio of 100:25-30, spraying the starter while stirring, rotating the rotary sprayer once every 4 minutes for 40 seconds until the composite probiotic starter is completely sprayed, uniformly absorbing the fully mixed hard particles, standing for 4-5 minutes, and slightly drying and dispersing the surfaces of the particles; obtaining a mixture 1 of the fully mixed hard particles and the composite probiotic starter;
(4) and (3) sieving the mixture 1 obtained in the step (3) by a 6-7-mesh sieve, subpackaging the mixture into fermentation bags with one-way breather valves, placing the breather valves upwards into a turnover box, placing the turnover box into a fermentation room with the temperature of 30 ℃, and fermenting for 72 hours to obtain the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter for the young ruminants.
As a further optimization of the preparation method of the fermented fully-mixed soft-particle starter food for young ruminants, the compression ratio of the ring die of the granulator in the step (1) is 1: 16.
As a further optimization of the preparation method of the fermented fully mixed soft particle starter food for young ruminants, the composite probiotic starter is preheated to 37 ℃ in the step (2).
As a further optimization of the preparation method of the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter food for the young ruminants, the mass ratio of the fully-mixed hard particle starter food to the composite probiotic starter in the step (3) is 100: 26.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a fermented full-mixed soft-particle starter foodstuff for young ruminants and a preparation method thereof. The fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter is mainly prepared by co-fermenting a composite probiotic starter and a fully-mixed hard particle starter; the composite leaven is prepared by mixing strains such as lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis, clostridium butyricum, bacillus natto and the like according to a reasonable proportion. Meanwhile, the preparation process of the fermented full-mixed soft-particle starter is optimized, the fermented full-mixed soft-particle starter prepared under the optimal preparation process condition effectively improves the taste of the starter, obviously increases the feed intake of lambs, obviously reduces the material weight ratio, effectively reduces the diarrhea rate of the lambs in the lactation period, obviously improves the growth and development speed of the lambs in the early weaning period, improves the fat condition, ensures the successful application of the early weaning technology, and lays a good foundation for the rapid growth and the growth of the bred lambs.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The composite probiotic starter is obtained by culturing the strains according to the following method:
1. cultivation of Bacillus subtilis
(1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved Bacillus subtilis strain to slant strain activation medium (LB), culturing at pH7.2 and (37 + -1) deg.C for 24-36h, and storing at 4 deg.C; the LB culture medium comprises 10.1g/L of peptone, 5.0g/L of yeast extract and 10.1g/L of sodium chloride;
(2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated bacillus subtilis strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 24-36h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH 7.2; the seed culture solution comprises 5.0g/L beef extract, 10.0g/L peptone, 5.0g/L sodium chloride and 20.1g/L glucose;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 200mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture under stirring at 200-300r/min, 30-37 deg.C and pH7.2 for 24-36 h; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 5.0g/L of beef extract, 10.0g/L of peptone, 5.0g/L of sodium chloride and 20.2g/L of glucose.
2. Culture of Bacillus coagulans
1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved Bacillus coagulans strain to slant culture medium (YPD), culturing at pH7.2 and (37 + -1) deg.C for 24-36h, and storing at 4 deg.C; the YPD culture medium comprises 2.0g/L glucose, 10.1g/L peptone, 5.0g/L yeast extract, 5.0g/L sodium chloride and 15.1g/L agar;
(2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated bacillus coagulans strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 24-36h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH 7.2; the seed culture solution comprises 20.05g/L of peptone and 10.06g/L of yeast extract powder;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 200mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture under stirring at 200-300r/min, 30-37 deg.C and pH7.2 for 24-36 h; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 36.92g/L of bran, 13.73g/L of corn steep liquor dry powder and 0.85g/L of manganese sulfate.
3. Culture of Bacillus licheniformis
1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved Bacillus licheniformis strain to slant strain activation culture medium, culturing at pH7.2 and (37 + -1) deg.C for 24-36 hr, and storing at 4 deg.C; the culture medium comprises 10.1g/L of peptone, 5.0g/L of beef extract, 20.0g/L of agar and 5.0g/L of sodium chloride;
(2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated bacillus licheniformis strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 24-36h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH 7.2; the seed culture solution comprises 5.0g/L beef extract, 10.0g/L peptone, 5.0g/L sodium chloride and 10.1g/L glucose;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 300mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture under stirring at 200-300r/min, 30-37 deg.C and pH7.2 for 24-36 h; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 4.0g/L of bean cake powder, 10.1g/L of peptone, 5.0g/L of yeast extract, 5.0g/L of corn, 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 0.01g/L of manganese sulfate.
4. Culture of Bacillus natto
1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved Bacillus natto strain to slant strain activated nutrient agar culture medium, culturing at pH7.2 and (37 + -1) deg.C for 24-36h, and storing at 4 deg.C for use; the nutrient agar culture medium comprises 5.0g/L of beef extract, 10.0g/L of peptone, 18.1g/L of agar and 10.1g/L of sodium chloride;
(2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated bacillus natto strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 24-36h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH 7.2; the seed culture solution comprises 5.0g/L of yeast extract, 10.0g/L of peptone and 5.0g/L of sodium chloride;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 200mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture under stirring at 200-300r/min, 30-37 deg.C and pH7.2 for 24-36 h; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 15.03g/L of sucrose, 2.5g/L of yeast extract, 5.02g/L of sodium chloride and 2.5g/L of tryptone.
5. Culture of Lactobacillus plantarum
1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved Lactobacillus plantarum strain to a slant strain activated lactobacillus culture Medium (MRS), culturing at pH7.2 and (37 + -1) deg.C for 24h, and storing at 4 deg.C; (2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated lactobacillus plantarum strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 24-36h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH 7.0; the seed culture solution comprises 10.0g/L of beef extract, 10.1g/L of peptone, 801.0 mL/L of tween, 2.0g/L of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 5.0g/L of glucose, 5.0g/L of sodium acetate, 5.0g/L of yeast extract, 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.05g/L of manganese sulfate and 2.0g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 200mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture for 24-48h under the conditions of 200 plus materials at 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH6.0-7.2 with stirring; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 20.1g/L of brown sugar, 10.0g/L of peptone and 0.1g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
6. Culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus
1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved Lactobacillus bulgaricus strain to slant strain activated lactobacillus culture Medium (MRS), culturing at pH7.2 and (37 + -1) deg.C for 24 hr, and storing at 4 deg.C; the LB culture medium comprises 10.1g/L of peptone, 5.0g/L of yeast extract and 10.1g/L of sodium chloride;
(2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated lactobacillus bulgaricus strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 24-36h under the conditions of 200-; the seed culture solution comprises 5.0g/L beef extract, 10.0g/L peptone, 20.1g/L glucose, 4.0g/L yeast powder, 2.0g/L dipotassium phosphate, 5.0g/L sodium acetate, 2.0g/L triammonium citrate, 801.0g/L Tween, 0.2g/L magnesium sulfate and 0.05g/L manganese sulfate;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 200mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture for 24-48h under the conditions of 200 plus materials at 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH6.0-7.2 with stirring; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 30.2g/L of glucose, 28.2g/L of soybean meal, 14.0g/L of corn flour, 28.2g/L of whey powder, 3.0g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 2.5g/L of triammonium citrate, 5.0g/L of sodium acetate, 801.25 g/L of tween, 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.06g/L of manganese sulfate.
7. Culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to slant strain activated potato glucose agar culture medium (PDA), culturing at pH6.5 (30 + -1) deg.C for 3d, and storing at 4 deg.C for use; (2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated saccharomyces cerevisiae strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 36-48h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 26-30 ℃ and pH 6.5; the seed culture solution comprises 200.5g/L of potatoes and 20.1g/L of glucose;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 200mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture for 36-48h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH6.0-7.2 with stirring; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 200.5g/L of potatoes and 20.1g/L of glucose.
8. Culture of Candida utilis
1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved Candida utilis strain to slant strain activated yeast extract peptone glucose agar medium (YPD), culturing at pH6.5 (37 + -1) deg.C for 3d, and storing at 4 deg.C for use; (2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated candida utilis strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL of seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 36-48h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 26-30 ℃ and pH6.5; the seed culture solution comprises peptone 20.6g/L, yeast extract powder 10.3g/L and glucose 20.6 g/L;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 200mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture for 36-48h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH6.0-7.2 with stirring; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 20.2g/L of peptone, 10.1g/L of yeast extract powder and 20.0g/L of glucose.
9. Culture of Clostridium butyricum
1) Activating strains: transferring the preserved clostridium butyricum strain into a slant strain activated and strengthened clostridium butyricum culture medium (RCM), performing static anaerobic activation at pH7.2 and (37 +/-1) ℃ for 24 hours, and then preserving at 4 ℃ for later use;
(2) seed fermentation culture: inoculating the activated clostridium butyricum strain into a 250mL triangular flask filled with 100mL seed culture solution, and performing shake flask fermentation culture for 18-24h under the conditions of 200 and 300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH 7.2-7.4; the seed culture solution comprises 10.1g/L of tryptone, 10.0g/L of peptone, 3.0g/L of sodium chloride, 10.1g/L of glucose, 5.0g/L of soybean peptone, 3g/L of yeast extract powder and 2.5g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
(3) culturing in a fermentation tank: inoculating 200mL of shake flask fermentation seed solution into a 10L fermentation tank filled with 5L of fermentation tank culture solution, and performing fermentation culture for 18-24h under the conditions of 200-300r/min, 30-37 ℃ and pH6.0-7.2 with stirring; the culture solution of the fermentation tank comprises 20.1g/L of soluble starch, 60.2g/L of yeast extract powder, 17.5g/L of ferrous sulfate, 3.7g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 2.0g/L of sodium chloride and 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate.
The total number of effective viable bacteria of each strain obtained after the culture according to the culture method is respectively as follows: lactobacillus plantarum 2.24X 1010CFU/mL, Lactobacillus bulgaricus 3.21X 1010CFU/mL, Bacillus subtilis 3.36X 109CFU/mL, Bacillus coagulans 9.76X 109CFU/mL, Bacillus licheniformis 2.49X 109CFU/mL, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6.45X 109CFU/mL, Candida utilis 2.82X 109CFU/mL, Clostridium butyricum 5.14X 109CFU/mL, Bacillus natto 9.85 × 109CFU/mL。
Example 2
Each strain was prepared according to the fermentation culture conditions described in example 1, and 5 different sets of complex probiotic fermenters, labeled F1-F5, were prepared according to the proportions in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Complex Probiotics leavening agent with different formulation ratio
| Item | F1(％) | F2(％) | F3(％) | F4(％) | F5(％) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum | 29.00 | 0.00 | 29.00 | 29.00 | 15.00 |
| Lactobacillus bulgaricus | 0.00 | 29.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 14.00 |
| Bacillus subtilis | 29.00 | 29.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.00 |
| Bacillus coagulans | 0.00 | 0.00 | 29.00 | 0.00 | 10.00 |
| Bacillus licheniformis | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 29.00 | 10.00 |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 20.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 10.00 |
| Candida utilis | 0.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10.00 |
| Clostridium butyricum | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Bacillus natto | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Yeast cell wall polysaccharides | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Fructo-oligosaccharide | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
The metabolite content and the enzyme activity of the F1-F5 complex probiotic starter are shown in Table 2. According to the results in table 2, the metabolite content and the enzyme activity of the compound probiotic starter culture of the group F5 are obviously better than those of other groups, so the weight ratio of each strain in the compound probiotic starter culture of the group F5 is the optimal scheme of the invention.
TABLE 2 metabolite content and enzyme Activity of F1-F5 Complex probiotic leaven
Example 3
The specific formula of the fully mixed hard particle starter is shown in table 3, and the fully mixed hard particle starter in 6 is respectively prepared, and is marked as TMP1-TMP6, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials in parts by weight in the table 3 respectively, wherein the broussonetia papyrifera powder, the alfalfa powder, the oat straw powder, the pagoda tree leaf powder and the peanut vine powder are not easy to be crushed and too fine, and the general crushing particle size is 1-1.4 times of the particle size of particles to be processed; uniformly mixing the raw materials, granulating by adopting an SZLH520 granulator, and preparing into fully mixed hard granules with the particle size of 4.5mm, wherein the compression ratio of a ring mould is 1: 15-16; the TMP1-TMP6 fully mixed hard particles were obtained.
Table 3 raw material formulation units of TMP1-TMP6 fully mixed hard particles: is based on
The specific components and weight percentages of the premix are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 specific formulation of the premix
| Raw materials | Ratio (%) |
| FeSO4·7H2O | 0.42 |
| CuSO4·5H2O | 0.30 |
| ZnSO4·7H2O | 0.24 |
| MnSO4·7H2O | 0.22 |
| Na2SeO3(Se,1％) | 0.16 |
| KI(I,5％) | 0.06 |
| COCL2·6H2O | 0.04 |
| VE | 0.20 |
| VA | 0.04 |
| VD3 | 0.02 |
| Chloromethyl methionine | 1.00 |
| Methionine | 1.00 |
| Threonine | 2.00 |
| Lysine | 5.00 |
| Salt | 10.00 |
| Calcium hydrogen phosphate | 10.00 |
| Calcium propionate | 10.00 |
| Stone powder | 30.00 |
| Zeolite powder | 7.00 |
| Antioxidant agent | 0.30 |
| Defatted rice bran | 22.00 |
The water absorption time and the dissolution ratio of the hard particles prepared from TMP1-TMP6 fully mixed hard particles at ring die compression ratios of 1:16 and 1:15, respectively, are detailed in Table 5. From the results of table 5, it can be seen that the water absorption time and the dissolution rate of the TMP1 fully mixed hard particles are significantly better than those of the TMP2-TMP6 fully mixed hard particles regardless of the ring mold compression ratio of 1:16 or 1:15, and thus, the present invention prepares fully mixed hard particles using the formulation composition of TMP 1.
TABLE 5 Water absorption time and dissolution loss ratio of TMP1-TMP6 fully mixed hard particles prepared at different ring die compression ratios
Example 4
The fermented fully-mixed soft-particle starter feed for the young ruminants is prepared by the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage of the TMP1 fully mixed hard particles described in example 3 to prepare the required fully mixed hard particle starter; wherein the paper mulberry powder is not easy to be crushed and is too fine, and the crushing granularity is 1 to 1.4 times of the particle size of the particles to be processed; uniformly mixing the raw materials, granulating by adopting an SZLH520 granulator, and preparing into fully mixed hard granules with the particle size of 4.5mm, wherein the compression ratio of a ring mould is 1: 15;
(2) preparing each strain according to the fermentation culture conditions in the embodiment 1, and mixing the strains according to the following weight percentage to obtain the composite probiotic starter: 15% of lactobacillus plantarum, 14% of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 9% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus coagulans, 10% of bacillus licheniformis, 10% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10% of candida utilis, 10% of clostridium butyricum, 10% of bacillus natto, 0.5% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 1.5% of fructo-oligosaccharide; preheating the composite probiotic starter to 30 ℃;
(3) spraying the fully mixed hard particles obtained in the step (1) and the composite probiotic leavening agent obtained in the step (2) on the outer surface of the fully mixed hard particles according to the mass ratio of 100:26, spraying the composite probiotic leavening agent on the outer surface of the fully mixed hard particles by using a rotary spraying machine, stirring and spraying the leavening agent, wherein the rotary spraying machine rotates once every 4 minutes and rotates for 40 seconds every time until the composite probiotic leavening agent is completely sprayed, the fully mixed hard particles are uniformly absorbed, standing for 4-5 minutes, and the surfaces of the particles are dried and dispersed; obtaining a mixture 1 of the fully mixed hard particles and the composite probiotic starter; (ii) a
(4) And (3) sieving the mixture 1 obtained in the step (3) by a 6-7-mesh sieve, subpackaging the mixture into fermentation bags with one-way breather valves, placing the breather valves upwards into a turnover box, placing the turnover box into a fermentation room with the temperature of 30 ℃, and fermenting for 72 hours to obtain the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter for the young ruminants.
Example 5
This example differs from example 4 in that:
preheating a leavening agent to 37 ℃ in the step (2); the remaining preparation steps were the same as in example 4.
Example 6
This example differs from example 4 in that:
the compression ratio of the ring die of the granulator in the step (1) is 1:16, and the rest of the preparation steps are the same as those of the example 4.
Example 7
This example differs from example 6 in that:
preheating a leavening agent to 37 ℃ in the step (2); the remaining preparation steps were the same as in example 6.
Test example 1
In examples 4 to 7, 4 kinds of fermented total mixed soft granules, respectively labeled as A1-A4, were obtained by using the same raw material ratio and different preparation processes, and the pulverization rates and the cell counts of the fermented total mixed soft granules A1-A4 were compared, and the results are shown in Table 6.
Powdering rate: and calculating the percentage of undersize (powder) in the mass of the sample.
It should be noted that the calculated cell number is divided into five groups of lactobacillus (including lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus bulgaricus), bacillus (including bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans and bacillus licheniformis), yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida utilis), clostridium butyricum and bacillus natto.
From the results in Table 6, it is understood that the pulverization ratio of the hard particles and the cell count of the soft particles of the fermented whole mixed soft particles A4 prepared by the preparation process of example 7 are significantly superior to those of the fermented whole mixed soft particles A-1A3 prepared by the preparation processes of examples 4 to 6, and thus the fermented whole mixed soft particles prepared by the preparation process of example 7 are the best choice for the present invention.
TABLE 6 pulverization rate and cell number of the fully mixed fermented soft particles prepared by different preparation processes
Comparative example 1
The fully mixed hard particle starter material is prepared according to the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage of the TMP1 fully mixed hard particles described in example 3 to prepare the required fully mixed hard particle starter; wherein the paper mulberry powder is not easy to be crushed and is too fine, and the crushing granularity is 1 to 1.4 times of the particle size of the particles to be processed; uniformly mixing the raw materials, granulating by using an SZLH520 granulator, and preparing into fully-mixed hard granules with the grain diameter of 4.5mm by using a ring mould compression ratio of 1:16 to obtain the fully-mixed hard granule starter.
Test example 2
To further illustrate the advantages of the fermented fully mixed soft-particle starter material for young ruminants of the present invention in practical breeding applications, a first-closed animal test is provided as an illustration.
1 Experimental design and grouping
Selecting 20 healthy disease-free small-tailed Han ewes and female goats, wherein the breeds, the second gestation period, the weight and the body condition are similar, the lamb laying date and the double-male lamb are produced, feeding 40 healthy disease-free male lambs with colostrums, starting to lure and eat feed at 5 days old, separating the lambs from the female goats at 7 days old, randomly dividing the average weight of the 7 days old male lambs into 2 groups, and randomly dividing the 40 male lambs into 20 groups, wherein each group is a test group and a control group.
2 feeding management
The test period is 36 days, from 7 days to 42 days, all lambs are fed in a single column from 7 days, two groups of lambs are quantitatively fed with the milk replacer in the morning, in the middle and in the evening, the test day 1 (namely 7 days) is fed with 810 mL/day/animal, then 30 mL/animal is reduced every day until 180mL milk replacer is fed every day, and the test day 36 (namely 42 days) is stopped. Wherein the test group was fed the fermented whole mixed soft pellet starter prepared in example 7 from the first day of the test, the control group was fed the whole mixed hard pellet starter of comparative example 1 from the first day of the test, and two groups of lambs were fed the starter with free feed and free drinking water, and in order to maintain the freshness and feeling of the starter, the starter was required not to be added every day, and the management methods of the two groups were identical during the test.
3 standard of observation
During the test period, the body and body weight of the two groups of lambs on the 1 st day (namely 7 days old) and the 36 th day (namely 42 days old) of the test are respectively measured, and the feeding amount, the feeding speed, the mental state and the diarrhea condition of the starter in the two groups of lambs during the test period are recorded.
4 results and analysis
4.1 the Effect of the fermented fully-mixed soft-particle starter diet of the invention on the body size and weight of lambs of small-tailed Han sheep
Table 7 shows the results of body size and body weight of lambs from test and control groups fed starter calves of different grain types. The average weight of the 7-day-old male lambs is 6.20 +/-0.65 kg, and the sizes and the weights of the two groups are not obviously different and are not compared. After the test period is finished, the weight average of the body and the ruler bodies of the lambs in the test group is higher than that of the lambs in the control group, the body height and the body length difference of the two groups are not obvious, and the chest circumference, the abdominal circumference and the body weight difference of the two groups are obvious (P less than 0.05), so that the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter has an obvious promoting effect on the growth of small tailed Han sheep lambs.
TABLE 7 body size and body weight of small tailed Han sheep fed with starter diets of different pellet types
Note: in the table, the difference of different lowercase letters in the same row is obvious (P < 0.05), and the difference of the same lowercase letter or the person without letters is not obvious (P > 0.05).
4.2 the Effect of the fermented fully-mixed soft-particle starter on the growth performance of the lamb in small-tailed Han sheep
Table 8 shows the results of the growth performance indicators associated with lambs fed to starter calves of different grain types in the test and control groups. From the results in table 8, it can be seen that the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the lambs in the test group are both higher than those of the control group, the difference between the average daily feed intake of the two groups is not significant (P >0.05), and the difference between the average daily gain of the two groups is significant (P < 0.05); compared with a control group, the diarrhea rate and the feed-weight ratio of the test group are greatly reduced, the feeding speed is increased, and the lamb hind body is glossy and clean.
TABLE 8 growth Performance index of Small tailed Han sheep fed with starter of different pellet types
Note: in the table, the difference of different lowercase letters in the same row is obvious (P < 0.05), and the difference of the same lowercase letter or the person without letters is not obvious (P > 0.05).
5 conclusion
According to the test results, the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter prepared by the invention effectively improves the taste of the starter, obviously increases the feed intake of lambs, obviously reduces the feed-weight ratio, effectively reduces the diarrhea rate of the lambs in lactation, obviously improves the growth and development speed of the lambs in early weaning period, improves the condition of fat, ensures the successful application of early weaning technology, and lays a good foundation for the rapid growth and fat growth of bred lambs.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fermented full-mixed soft particle starter feed for the young ruminants is characterized by comprising a full-mixed hard particle starter feed and a composite probiotic starter according to the mass ratio of 100: 25-30.
2. A fermented whole mixed soft grain starter foodstuff for young ruminants according to claim 1, characterised in that the whole mixed hard grains consist of the following ingredients in weight percent: 5-10% of corn, 5-10% of pressed corn, 10-20% of baked corn, 0-3% of molasses, 0-5% of whey powder, 5-15% of soybean meal, 3-6% of baked soybean, 5-10% of soybean protein concentrate, 0-6% of milk powder, 0-16% of paper mulberry powder, 0-15% of alfalfa meal, 0-6% of oat straw powder, 0-10% of pagodatree leaf powder, 0-6% of peanut vine powder, 0-7% of alpha-starch, 2-6% of wheat gluten powder, 0.5-1% of glutelin powder, 0-3% of corn starch, 0-1% of dextrin, 0-0.5% of calcium bentonite, 0.5-1% of palygorskite and 0-3% of premix.
3. A fermented whole mixed soft particle starter foodstuff for young ruminants according to claim 2, characterised in that the whole mixed hard particles consist of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 9% of corn, 10% of pressed corn, 16% of baked corn, 3% of molasses, 5% of soybean meal, 5% of whey powder, 6% of baked soybean, 10% of soybean protein concentrate, 6% of milk powder, 16% of paper mulberry powder, 2% of oat straw powder, 2% of groundnut stem powder, 3% of alpha-starch, 2% of wheat gluten powder, 1% of gluten powder, 0.5% of calcium bentonite, 0.5% of palygorskite and 3% of premix.
4. The fermented whole mixed soft pellet starter diet for young ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the complex probiotic starter consists of one or more of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis, clostridium butyricum, bacillus natto, yeast cell wall polysaccharide, or fructo-oligosaccharide.
5. The fermented whole mixed soft granule starter foodstuff for young ruminants according to claim 4, characterized in that the complex probiotic starter consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0-30% of lactobacillus plantarum, 0-30% of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 0-30% of bacillus subtilis, 0-30% of bacillus coagulans, 0-30% of bacillus licheniformis, 0-20% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0-20% of candida utilis, 0-10% of clostridium butyricum, 0-10% of bacillus natto, 0-0.5% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 0-1.5% of fructo-oligosaccharide.
6. The fermented whole mixed soft granule starter foodstuff for young ruminants according to claim 4, characterized in that the complex probiotic starter consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of lactobacillus plantarum, 14% of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 9% of bacillus subtilis, 10% of bacillus coagulans, 10% of bacillus licheniformis, 10% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10% of candida utilis, 10% of clostridium butyricum, 10% of bacillus natto, 0.5% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 1.5% of fructo-oligosaccharide.
7. A method of preparing a fermented whole mixed soft particulate starter foodstuff for young ruminants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the steps of:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by weight to prepare the fully-mixed hard particle starter: 5-10% of corn, 5-10% of pressed corn, 10-20% of baked corn, 0-3% of molasses, 0-5% of whey powder, 5-15% of soybean meal, 3-6% of baked soybean, 5-10% of soybean protein concentrate, 0-6% of milk powder, 0-16% of paper mulberry powder, 0-15% of alfalfa meal, 0-6% of oat straw powder, 0-10% of pagodatree leaf powder, 0-6% of peanut vine powder, 0-7% of alpha-starch, 2-6% of wheat gluten powder, 0.5-1% of glutelin powder, 0-3% of corn starch, 0-1% of dextrin, 0-0.5% of calcium bentonite, 0.5-1% of palygorskite and 0-3% of premix; wherein the crushing granularity of the paper mulberry powder, the alfalfa powder, the oat straw powder, the pagoda tree leaf powder and the peanut vine powder is 1 to 1.4 times of the grain diameter of the particles to be processed; uniformly mixing the raw materials, granulating by adopting an SZLH520 granulator, and preparing into fully mixed hard granules with the particle size of 4.5mm, wherein the compression ratio of a ring mould is 1: 15-16;
(2) mixing the components in percentage by weight to obtain the composite probiotic starter: 0-30% of lactobacillus plantarum, 0-30% of lactobacillus bulgaricus, 0-30% of bacillus subtilis, 0-30% of bacillus coagulans, 0-30% of bacillus licheniformis, 0-20% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0-20% of candida utilis, 0-10% of clostridium butyricum, 0-10% of bacillus natto, 0-0.5% of yeast cell wall polysaccharide and 0-1.5% of fructo-oligosaccharide; preheating the composite probiotic starter to 30-37 ℃;
(3) spraying the fully mixed hard particles obtained in the step (1) and the composite probiotic starter obtained in the step (2) on the outer surface of the fully mixed hard particles according to the mass ratio of 100:25-30, spraying the starter while stirring, rotating the rotary sprayer once every 4 minutes for 40 seconds until the composite probiotic starter is completely sprayed, uniformly absorbing the fully mixed hard particles, standing for 4-5 minutes, and slightly drying and dispersing the surfaces of the particles; obtaining a mixture 1 of the fully mixed hard particles and the composite probiotic starter;
(4) and (3) sieving the mixture 1 obtained in the step (3) by a 6-7-mesh sieve, subpackaging the mixture into fermentation bags with one-way breather valves, placing the breather valves upwards into a turnover box, placing the turnover box into a fermentation room with the temperature of 30 ℃, and fermenting for 72 hours to obtain the fermented fully-mixed soft particle starter for the young ruminants.
8. The method for preparing fermented whole mixed soft pellet starter foodstuff for young ruminants according to claim 6, wherein the compression ratio of the ring mold of the granulator in the step (1) is 1: 16.
9. The method for preparing a fermented whole mixed soft pellet starter feed for young ruminants according to claim 6, wherein the complex probiotic starter is preheated to 37 ℃ in the step (2).
10. The method for preparing fermented whole mixed soft starter food for young ruminants according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the whole mixed hard starter food to the composite probiotic starter in the step (3) is 100: 26.
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| CN115530293A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-30 | 博益德（北京）生物科技有限公司 | Full-fermentation concentrated feed for improving production performance of ruminants and preparation method and application thereof |
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