CN106721191A - A kind of preparation method of Calf―starter - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of Calf―starter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106721191A CN106721191A CN201611209412.1A CN201611209412A CN106721191A CN 106721191 A CN106721191 A CN 106721191A CN 201611209412 A CN201611209412 A CN 201611209412A CN 106721191 A CN106721191 A CN 106721191A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The present invention relates to animal feed processing technique field, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of Calf―starter.The preparation method includes：The raw materials such as dregs of beans, cotton dregs, DDGS are crushed, is mixed with molasses, obtain material A；Material A is carried out into quenched, granulation, particulate material is obtained；After particulate material cooling, mix with compressing tablet cereal, the mould inhibitor aqueous solution is sprayed at particulate material and compressing tablet maslin surface, obtains material B；Soya-bean oil is sprayed on material B surface, after mixing 40~60 seconds, the molasses of spraying 17%~40% after stirring 3~5 minutes, obtain material C；After material C is cooled down 20~30 minutes, the molasses of surplus are sprayed, obtain Calf―starter.Opened guideway prepared by the present invention improves the feed intake of calf, improves daily gain, reduces daily ration transformation efficiency numerical value；Calf diarrhea can be suppressed, stools scored is reduced；The chest depth and chest breadth of calf are also improved, is conducive to the body chi of calf to develop.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to animal feed processing technique field, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of Calf―starter.
Background technology
Calf is the important step in milk cattle cultivating, serves hereditary transmission, the effect formed a connecting link.Calf refer generally to from
Come into being to the calf at 6 monthly ages, growing for this stage is period the most rapid in the whole life process of milk cow.Especially
0-3 monthly age calves, are the most key periods of milk cow growth.When calf is just born, it is impossible to ruminated, during to 3 week old, knurl
Start normal microbial activities occur in stomach, start to ruminate during 8-10 week old, complete digestive function is set up during 6 monthly age.Knurl
The development degree of stomach has extremely important meaning to the production performance and health in milk cow all one's life.How calf knurl is effectively promoted
Stomach is developed, and improves the daily gain in calf stage, is the most important target of calf breeding.The calf stage grows to following milk
The production performance of ox has important influence.Studies have reported that, 0-2 monthly age calves daily gain increases, and can improve first after adult
The output of milk (Moallem etc., Long-term effects of ad libitum whole milk the prior to of parity
weaning and prepubertal protein supplementation on skeletal growth rate and
First-lactation milk production, 2010).The development in calf stage has an effect on the head in future with time, product
Calf time and calving body weight (Raeth-Knigh etc., Impact of conventional or intensive milk
replacer programs on Holstein heifer performance through six months of age
And during first lactation, 2009).It can be said that the calf stage is milk cow most important stage in life.Today
Calf, the milk cow of tomorrow.
In the calf stage, alimentary canal and feeding there occurs important change.It is changed into cud based on digested with abomasum
Based on digestion；From based on having milk to based on solid feed of searching for food.And in this transfer process, cud development plays important
Effect.Research shows, the composition and its physical aspect of feed calf cud is developed and grow it is significant (Haitao Zhang etc.,
The Elements research of influence calf cud development, 2008).The stimulation that feed is developed to calf cud includes chemical stimulation and thing
Reason stimulates.If only feeding the calf of milk, its cud mammiplasia is slow, and cud epithelium metabolic activities are low, volatility
Also low (Vazquez etc., Postweaning age effects on the rumen fermentation of absorbability of aliphatic acid
End-products and digesta kinetics in calves weaned at 5weeks of age, 1993).This
It is the calf due to feeding milk, cud lacks necessary chemical stimulation and physical stimulation.And the calf of search for food milk and opened guideway
Ox, its cud then physically well develops.Because opened guideway is after lumen fermentation, substantial amounts of volatile fatty acid can be produced, especially
Propionic acid and butyric acid, can stimulate the development of cud nipple.And the form of opened guideway also can provide certain physics thorn to cud
Swash, beneficial to cud development.
At present, there is the Calf―starter of many brands the country.Found by sampling study, the Calf―starter more than 95%
All be all raw material fine powders it is broken after be made particle, crude protein is in 18%-20%.This explanation opened guideway domestic at present mainly considers
Chemotrophy value, and the physical aspect and processing technology of opened guideway are almost not concerned with.Studies have reported that, opened guideway
Different physical aspects, can influence production performance and cud development (Terr é etc., Interaction the between the of calf
physical form of the starter feed and straw provision on growth performance
Of Holstein calves, 2015).(the A new method of measuring diet abrasion such as Greenwood
And its effect on the development of the forestomach, 1997) report, the paddy after feeding fine powder
Thing daily ration may cause the quick increase of cud volatile fat acid yield, cause pH value to reduce rapidly, influence cud epithelium
Development.Haitao Zhang etc. (Elements research of influence calf cud development, 2008) also indicates that opened guideway processing is meticulous, can cause
Cud cuticle thickness increases, and the absorbability of cud wall declines, and ultimately results in the generation of cud keratinization not complete and rumenitis.
Drackley (Calf nutrition from birth to breeding, 2008) points out, if in opened guideway comprising
Particle long, such as whole grain oat, corn, may be helpful to the development of cud epithelium.More there is research to point out, feed form
Coarse opened guideway, compared with the opened guideway of fine powder, what calf can be earlier ruminates, and it is longer to ruminate the time, while improve 8 weeks
Digestibility (Porter etc., Effect of fiber level and physical the form of of the dry of age calf
Starter on growth and development of dairy calves fed no forage, 2007).It is increased
The cud time of ruminating can improve salivary secretion amount, improve the buffer capacity of cud, and this normal fermentation and development to cud has
Important meaning (Krause and Oetzel, Understanding and preventing subacute ruminal
acidosis in dairy herds:A review, 2006).
Therefore, Calf―starter is developed, its physical aspect and manufacture method is considered, this can be to the growth of raising calf
And can reduce diarrhea rate has important meaning.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of Calf―starter.Calf―starter obtained in the method
It is remarkably improved calf production performance and reduces diarrhea rate.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of Calf―starter, comprise the following steps：
Crush, pelletize：By dregs of beans, cotton dregs, DDGS, expanded soybean, the first wheat bran, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt, yeast
Bacterium, Rumensin, calf premix are crushed, and are mixed with the second molasses, obtain material A；Material A is carried out into quenched, granulation, is obtained
Pellet；
Mixing sprinkling：After particulate material cooling, mix with compressing tablet cereal, the mould inhibitor aqueous solution is sprayed at particulate material and compressing tablet paddy
Thing mixture surface, obtains material B；
Once spray：Soya-bean oil is sprayed on material B surface, after mixing 40~60 seconds, the first sugar of spraying 17%~40%
Honey, after stirring 3~5 minutes, obtains material C；
Secondary spraying：After material C is cooled down 20~30 minutes, the first molasses of surplus are sprayed, obtain Calf―starter.
Calf―starter preparation method provided by the present invention, has taken into full account the Physical Processing characteristic of calf material, right
Soya-bean oil has carried out trypsin method, and this can be conducive to the bonding of particulate material and compressing tablet cereal, and with preferable attractant.Simultaneous selection
Form larger and coarse compressing tablet cereal, its dissolving and digestion rate in rumen fluid is more balanced.
The present invention be directed to soya-bean oil and perishable this phenomenon of molasses, mould inhibitor is not accomplished in particulate material, but by its
It is dissolved into water, is uniformly sprayed at particulate material and compressing tablet cereal surface, then mix with soya-bean oil, molasses, this is conducive to preventing soya-bean oil
It is rotten with molasses.
The present invention mixes particulate material with compressing tablet cereal, and compressing tablet cereal form is coarse, can scrape cud surface, is conducive to
The development of cud.
The present invention considers the mixing of particulate material and compressing tablet cereal.The technique for employing molasses trypsin method twice, for the first time
, with cereal compressing tablet can be bonded together particulate material by spraying molasses, after cooling, then spray a molasses, increase viscosity, this
Not yet used in Calf―starter.
Preferably, in parts by weight, including：40~50 parts of particulate material, 40~50 parts of compressing tablet cereal, 0.1 part of mould inhibitor,
1~3 part of soya-bean oil, 3~6 parts of the first molasses；
Particulate material is made up of following raw materials：21~43 parts of dregs of beans, 17~39 parts of cotton dregs, 10~28 parts of DDGS, expanded soybean
17~30 parts, 2~8 parts of the first wheat bran, 1~3 part of stone flour, 0.8~2 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.8~2.4 part of salt, saccharomycete 0.6
~1.3 parts, 0.08~0.13 part of Rumensin, 1.9~2.4 parts of calf premix, 2~3 parts of the second molasses；
Contain 40000~60000IU of vitamin A, 4000~6000IU of vitamin D, vitamin E in per 1kg calf premixes
100~150mg, 5~10mg of vitamin K, vitamin B15~10mg, vitamin B230~50mg, vitamin B630~
50mg, 70~90mg of vitamin C, 60~80mg of nicotinic acid, 5~7mg of copper, 60~70mg of iron, 70~90mg of zinc, 30~50mg of manganese,
0.5~1.5mg of iodine, 0.1~1.0mg of selenium, 0.1~1.0mg of chromium, remaining is the second wheat bran.
Preferably, in parts by weight, the Calf―starter includes：It is 43~48 parts of particulate material, 45~49 parts of compressing tablet cereal, anti-
Mould dose 0.1 part, 1.6~3 parts of soya-bean oil, 4~5.6 parts of the first molasses；
Particulate material is made up of following raw materials：23~33 parts of dregs of beans, 18~27 parts of cotton dregs, 10~18 parts of DDGS, expanded soybean
21~25 parts, 2.5~4.5 parts of the first wheat bran, 1.5~2.8 parts of stone flour, 0.9~1.6 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.9~1.3 part of salt,
0.9~1.1 part of saccharomycete, 0.09~0.12 part of Rumensin, 2.0~2.2 parts of calf premix, 2.0~2.7 parts of the second molasses.
In the embodiment that the present invention is provided, in parts by weight, the Calf―starter includes：45~48 parts of particulate material, pressure
45~47 parts of piece cereal, 0.1 part of mould inhibitor, 2~3 parts of soya-bean oil, 4.5~5 parts of the first molasses；
Particulate material is made up of following raw materials：It is 25~30 parts of dregs of beans, 18~22 parts of cotton dregs, 15~17.5 parts of DDGS, expanded big
21~23 parts of beans, 2.5~4.5 parts of the first wheat bran, 2.6~2.8 parts of stone flour, 1.3~1.6 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt 1.1~1.3
Part, 0.9~1.1 part of saccharomycete, 0.1~0.11 part of Rumensin, 2.0~2.2 parts of calf premix, the second molasses 2.0~2.3
Part.
In the embodiment that the present invention is provided, 50000IU containing vitamin A, vitamin D in calf premix described in per 1kg
5000IU, vitamin E 125mg, vitamin K 8mg, vitamin B18mg, vitamin B240mg, vitamin B640mg, dimension life
Plain C 80mg, nicotinic acid 70mg, copper 6mg, iron 62mg, zinc 80mg, manganese 40mg, iodine 1mg, selenium 0.5mg, chromium 0.5mg, remaining is second
Wheat bran.
Preferably, compressing tablet cereal is selected from two kinds or two in compressing tablet corn, compressing tablet naked oats, compressing tablet buckwheat or compressing tablet barley
More than kind.
Preferably, compressing tablet cereal is made up of compressing tablet corn and compressing tablet naked oats.
Preferably, compressing tablet corn is (36~41) with the mass ratio of compressing tablet naked oats：(6~11).
Preferably, compressing tablet corn and the mass ratio of compressing tablet naked oats are (37~41)：(6~10).
Preferably, the first molasses are Sugar cane molasses or beet molasses.
Preferably, the first molasses are beet molasses.
Preferably, the second molasses are Sugar cane molasses or beet molasses.
Preferably, the second molasses are beet molasses.
In the embodiment that the present invention is provided, mould inhibitor is propionic acid or fumaric acid.
Preferably, refining temperature is 77~86 DEG C, conditioning period is 55~65 seconds.
Preferably, refining temperature is 79~84 DEG C, and conditioning period is 57~63 seconds.
Preferably, the spraying temperature of the first molasses is 27~32 DEG C.
Preferably, the spraying temperature of the first molasses is 27~31 DEG C.
Preferably, mould inhibitor and the mass ratio of water are 1 in the mould inhibitor aqueous solution：(5~8).
Preferably, calf is 0~3 monthly age calf.
Preferably, calf is 0~2 monthly age calf.
Preferably, the sieve diameter that sieve used is crushed in the preparation method of Calf―starter is 1.0~2.0mm.
Preferably, in a spraying process, the time of mixing is 45~60 seconds.
Preferably, the first molasses used account for the 20%~40% of the first molasses gross weight in a spraying process.
Preferably, the time cooled down in secondary spraying process is 20~30 minutes.
Preferably, the time for being cooled down in secondary spraying process is 25~30 minutes.
In present invention mixing sprinkling, once spraying and secondary spraying process, breakage rate≤2% of particulate material.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of Calf―starter, including：By dregs of beans, cotton dregs, DDGS, expanded soybean,
First wheat bran, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt, saccharomycete, Rumensin, calf premix are crushed, and are mixed with the second molasses, are obtained
Material A；Material A is carried out into quenched, granulation, particulate material is obtained；After particulate material cooling, mix with compressing tablet cereal, mould inhibitor is water-soluble
Liquid is sprayed at particulate material and compressing tablet maslin surface, obtains material B；Soya-bean oil is sprayed on material B surface, mixing 40~60
After second, the first molasses of spraying 17%~40% after stirring 3~5 minutes, obtain material C；After material C is cooled down 20~30 minutes,
The first molasses of surplus are sprayed, Calf―starter is obtained.The present invention at least has one of following advantage：
1st, opened guideway prepared by the present invention improves the feed intake of calf, improves daily gain, reduces daily ration conversion effect
Rate score；
2nd, opened guideway prepared by the present invention has significant effect to suppressing calf diarrhea, reducing stools scored；
3rd, opened guideway prepared by the present invention also significantly improves the chest depth of calf, is conducive to the body chi of calf to develop.
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of Calf―starter, those skilled in the art can use for reference present disclosure,
It is suitably modified technological parameter realization.In particular, all similar replacements and change comes to those skilled in the art
Say it is it will be apparent that they are considered as being included in the present invention.The method of the present invention and application have passed through preferred embodiment
Be described, related personnel substantially can not depart from present invention, spirit and scope to method described herein and should
Realized and applied the technology of the present invention with being modified or suitably changing with combining.
Term is explained：
Compressing tablet cereal：Compressing tablet cereal refer to the cereal such as corn, wheat, oat, naked oats in the presence of vapours, compressed
Into the cereal of the slabbing with specific density.Compared with normal cereal, the digestibility of compressing tablet cereal and can value changed
Kind and raising.
DDGS is writing a Chinese character in simplified form for Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles, and the Chinese is translated into distiller's dried grain and its can
Molten thing.DDGS is the trade name of vinasse albumen feed, i.e. the distiller's dried grain containing soluble solids.With corn as fermenting raw materials system
During taking ethanol, starch therein is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide, other nutritional ingredients (such as protein, fat and
Fiber etc.) stay in vinasse.Simultaneously as the effect of microorganism, protein, B family vitamin and amino acid content in vinasse
It is higher than corn, and contain the unknown somatomedin generated in fermentation.DDGS is that energy and albumen all compare for milk cow
Feedstuff more in a balanced way.
Stone flour is the common name of the powder of stone, and the species of stone is a lot, is divided according to mineralogical composition and had a large amount in variety, not
Must be calcium carbonate.Calcium carbonate is lime stone, simply the one kind in stone flour, also has talcum powder in stone flour, for making putty.Also
There is silica flour, as making glass.The rock of also many mineralogical compositions, can clay into power, as different technique and
Purposes.Stone flour is the source of excellent feed calcium constituent.
Raw materials used or auxiliary material can be bought by market in the preparation method of the Calf―starter that the present invention is provided.The present invention
Mould inhibitor used is propionic acid or fumaric acid.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further：
The manufacture method of embodiment 1, Calf―starter
A, crushing：Using the sieve of 2.0mm by dregs of beans, cotton dregs, DDGS, expanded soybean, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt, knurl
Stomach element, saccharomycete, calf premix are crushed, and are mixed with molasses, obtain material A.
B, granulation：Material A obtained by being pulverized and mixed carries out quenched, granulation, obtains particulate material.The refining temperature is 82
DEG C, conditioning period is 57 seconds.
C, mixing sprinkling：After particulate material is cooled down, mix with compressing tablet cereal, take off mould dose of chance water 1:5 mass component dissolving
Afterwards, particulate material A and compressing tablet maslin surface are sprayed at, material B is obtained.
D, once spray：Soya-bean oil is sprayed on material B surface, after mixing 45 seconds, the molasses of 31 DEG C of spraying are stirred 5 minutes
Afterwards, material C is obtained.
E, secondary spraying：After material C is cooled down 30 minutes, the molasses that 31 DEG C of trypsin method obtain Calf―starter.
Above-mentioned once spraying with the molasses mass ratio in secondary spraying is 2:8.
Above-mentioned compressing tablet cereal is made up of compressing tablet corn and compressing tablet naked oats, and mass component compares 41:6.
The raw material composition of Calf―starter of the present invention：Particulate material 45.9%, compressing tablet cereal 47%, mould inhibitor 0.1%,
Soya-bean oil 2%, beet molasses 5%.
Particulate material is made up of following material quality components：Dregs of beans 25%, cotton dregs 22%, DDGS17.5%, expanded soybean
21%th, wheat bran 4.5%, stone flour 2.6%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.3%, salt 1.1%, saccharomycete 0.9%, Rumensin 0.1%, calf
Premix 2%, beet molasses 2%.
Above-mentioned per kilogram calf premix 50000IU containing vitamin A, Vitamin D5 000IU, vitamin e1 25mg, dimension life
Plain K8mg, vitamin B18mg, vitamin B240mg, vitamin B640mg, vitamin C 80mg, nicotinic acid 70mg, copper 6mg, iron
62mg, zinc 80mg, manganese 40mg, iodine 1mg, selenium 0.5mg, chromium 0.5mg, remaining is wheat bran carrier.
The manufacture method of embodiment 2, Calf―starter
A, crushing：Using the sieve of 2.0mm by dregs of beans, cotton dregs, DDGS, expanded soybean, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt, knurl
Stomach element, saccharomycete, calf premix are crushed, and are mixed with beet molasses, obtain material A.
B, granulation：Material A obtained by being pulverized and mixed carries out quenched, granulation, obtains particulate material.The refining temperature is 79
DEG C, conditioning period is 63 seconds.
C, mixing sprinkling：After particulate material is cooled down, mix with compressing tablet cereal, mould inhibitor meets water 1:6 mass component dissolving
Afterwards, particulate material A and compressing tablet maslin surface are sprayed at, material B is obtained.
D, once spray：Soya-bean oil is sprayed on material B surface, after softly mixing 50 seconds, the molasses of 29 DEG C of spraying, stirring 4
After minute, material C is obtained.
E, secondary spraying：After material C is cooled down 25 minutes, the molasses that 29 DEG C of trypsin method obtain Calf―starter.
Above-mentioned once spraying with the molasses mass ratio in secondary spraying is 3:7.
Above-mentioned compressing tablet cereal is made up of compressing tablet corn and compressing tablet naked oats, and mass component compares 38:7.
The raw material composition of Calf―starter of the present invention：Particulate material 47.4%, compressing tablet cereal 45%, mould inhibitor 0.1%,
Soya-bean oil 3%, beet molasses 4.5%.
Particulate material is made up of following material quality components：Dregs of beans 30%, cotton dregs 18%, DDGS15%, expanded soybean 23%,
Wheat bran 2.59%, stone flour 2.8%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.6%, salt 1.3%, saccharomycete 1.1%, Rumensin 0.11%, calf are pre-
Batch mixing 2.2%, molasses 2.3%.
Above-mentioned per kilogram calf premix 50000IU containing vitamin A, Vitamin D5 000IU, vitamin e1 25mg, dimension life
Plain K8mg, vitamin B18mg, vitamin B240mg, vitamin B640mg, vitamin C 80mg, nicotinic acid 70mg, copper 6mg, iron
62mg, zinc 80mg, manganese 40mg, iodine 1mg, selenium 0.5mg, chromium 0.5mg, remaining is wheat bran carrier.
The manufacture method of embodiment 3, Calf―starter
A, crushing：Using the sieve of 1.0mm by dregs of beans, cotton dregs, DDGS, expanded soybean, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt, knurl
Stomach element, saccharomycete, calf premix are crushed, and are mixed with molasses, obtain material A.
B, granulation：Material A obtained by being pulverized and mixed carries out quenched, granulation, obtains particulate material.The refining temperature is 81
DEG C, conditioning period is 62 seconds.
C, mixing sprinkling：After particulate material is cooled down, mix with compressing tablet cereal, mould inhibitor meets water 1:8 mass component dissolving
Afterwards, particulate material and compressing tablet maslin surface are sprayed at, material B is obtained.
D, once spray：Soya-bean oil is sprayed on material B surface, after mixing 60 seconds, the molasses of 27 DEG C of spraying are stirred 4 minutes
Afterwards, material C is obtained.
E, secondary spraying：After material C is cooled down 30 minutes, the molasses that 27 DEG C of trypsin method obtain Calf―starter.
Above-mentioned once spraying with the molasses mass ratio in secondary spraying is 4:6.
Above-mentioned compressing tablet cereal is made up of compressing tablet corn and compressing tablet naked oats, and mass component compares 39:10.
The raw material composition of Calf―starter of the present invention：Particulate material 43.7%, compressing tablet cereal 49%, mould inhibitor 0.1%,
Soya-bean oil 1.6%, beet molasses 5.6%.
Particulate material is made up of following material quality components：Dregs of beans 33%, cotton dregs 20%, DDGS10.5%, expanded soybean
24%th, wheat bran 3%, stone flour 1.7%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.9%, salt 0.9%, saccharomycete 1.11%, Rumensin 0.09%, calf
Premix 2.1%, beet molasses 2.7%.
Above-mentioned per kilogram calf premix 50000IU containing vitamin A, Vitamin D5 000IU, vitamin e1 25mg, dimension life
Plain K8mg, vitamin B18mg, vitamin B240mg, vitamin B640mg, vitamin C 80mg, nicotinic acid 70mg, copper 6mg, iron
62mg, zinc 80mg, manganese 40mg, iodine 1mg, selenium 0.5mg, chromium 0.5mg, remaining is wheat bran carrier.
The manufacture method of embodiment 4, Calf―starter
A, crushing：Using the sieve of 2.0mm by dregs of beans, cotton dregs, DDGS, expanded soybean, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt, knurl
Stomach element, saccharomycete, calf premix are crushed, and are mixed with molasses, obtain material A.
B, granulation：Material A obtained by being pulverized and mixed carries out quenched, granulation, obtains particulate material.The refining temperature is 84
DEG C, conditioning period is 58 seconds.
C, soft mixing sprinkling：After particulate material is cooled down, mix with compressing tablet cereal, mould inhibitor meets water 1:5 mass component
After dissolving, particulate material and compressing tablet maslin surface are sprayed at, obtain material B.
D, once spray：Soya-bean oil is sprayed on material B surface, after mixing 55 seconds, the molasses of 30 DEG C of spraying are stirred 3 minutes
Afterwards, material C is obtained.
E, secondary spraying：After material C is cooled down 25 minutes, the molasses that 30 DEG C of trypsin method obtain Calf―starter.
Above-mentioned once spraying with the molasses mass ratio in secondary spraying is 2:8.
Above-mentioned compressing tablet cereal is made up of compressing tablet corn and compressing tablet naked oats, and mass component compares 37:9.
The raw material composition of Calf―starter of the present invention：Particulate material 47.1%, compressing tablet cereal 46%, mould inhibitor 0.1%,
Soya-bean oil 2.8%, beet molasses 4%.
Particulate material is made up of following material quality components：Dregs of beans 23%, cotton dregs 27%, DDGS 11.48%, expanded soybean
25%th, wheat bran 4%, stone flour 1.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.2%, salt 1.3%, saccharomycete 1%, Rumensin 0.12%, calf are pre-
Batch mixing 2%, beet molasses 2.4%.
Above-mentioned per kilogram calf premix 50000IU containing vitamin A, Vitamin D5 000IU, vitamin e1 25mg, dimension life
Plain K8mg, vitamin B18mg, vitamin B240mg, vitamin B640mg, vitamin C 80mg, nicotinic acid 70mg, copper 6mg, iron
62mg, zinc 80mg, manganese 40mg, iodine 1mg, selenium 0.5mg, chromium 0.5mg, remaining is wheat bran carrier.
The feeding effect of embodiment 5, Calf―starter
Enforcement place：Hebei Le Yuan animal husbandry
1st, experimental animal and daily ration
The close He Sitan cow calves 38 of selection postnatal weight, are randomly divided into two groups, and every group of 19 cow calves are used for
Feeding experiment, studies influence of the different opened guideways to calf growth performance etc..Totally 60 days experimental period.All calf separated raisings
(2m × 1.2m), bedding and padding prescind wheat straw for 12cm thickness.After calf birth, the colostrum of 4L was fed in 3 hours.In 12 hours again
Feeding 2L colostrums.The 2-3 days after birth, all calves twice daily equivalent feed 3L pasteurized milk.Opened from the 4th day
Begin, experiment calf feeding opened guideway.Certain opened guideway of control group fed in the market positive name recognition, primary raw material includes corn, beans
The dregs of rice, cotton dregs, premix etc..Opened guideway manufactured by the processing method of the treatment group feeding embodiment of the present invention 1.
2 test methods and testing index
4-7 days after birth, all daily equivalent of calf fed the pasteurized milk of 3L twice, 8-50 days, daily etc.
The pasteurized milk of amount feeding 4L.51-55 days, daily equivalent fed the pasteurized milk of 2.5L.56-60 days, once a day
Feed the pasteurized milk of 2L.Calf wean after 60 days.At 4-60 days, in calf hopper, food was opened in addition at twice daily
Material, it is ensured that free choice feeding.Surplus material is weighed daily, opened guideway feed intake is recorded, and calculates daily opened guideway dry matter intake and total
Daily ration (opened guideway and milk) dry matter intake.The assay method of dry refers to AOAC (Official methods of
Analysis, 1990).Weighed before the age in days morning of calf 1,30,60 raises, calculate daily gain, calculate daily ration transformation efficiency.Experimental period
It is interior, all calf free waters.
Daily ration transformation efficiency=average total diet dry substance feed intake/average daily gain
By the formula of daily ration transformation efficiency can be seen that daily ration transformation efficiency reflect be every increase per weight, institute
The consumption of the diet dry substance of consumption.Therefore, daily ration transformation efficiency numerical value is lower, illustrates that daily ration weight gain performance is better.
Within whole experimental period, with reference to (CalfTrack such as Heinrichs:A system of dairy calf
Workforce management, training, and evaluation and health evaluation, 2003) side
Method, observes the excrement of all female calves daily, and the record that scores.1 point is that excrement is in strip or granular, normally；2 points is that excrement can be with
Shaping, but it is softer, normally；3 points is that excrement is shapeless, diluter；4 points separate for liquid dung, and color is normal；5 points separate for liquid dung, face
Color anomaly.Stools scored >=3 are considered as has loose bowels.
In experimental period, before being raised in the age in days of calf 30 and 60 age in days mornings, calf body chi is measured with tape, including body it is high, stern is high,
Body directly length, Body steep length, bust, chest breadth, chest depth.
3rd, data statistical approach
Result is represented using average ± standard error form.Data carry out single factor test variance using SAS9.1GLM models
Analysis, statistical model is as follows：Yij=u+ai+eij, wherein YijIt is measured value, u is population average, aiFor opened guideway treatment is imitated
Should, eijIt is random error.Multiple range test uses LSD methods, and P≤0.05 represents significant difference, and P≤0.1 represents that difference has trend.
4th, result of the test
Influence of the opened guideway of 1 embodiment of the present invention of table 1 to calf growth performance
Note：Go together different alphabetical a, b represent significant difference.
It can be seen from Table 1 that, treatment group significantly (P<0.05) improve average opened guideway dry feeding in 31-60 days
Amount, 31-60 days average total diet dry substance feed intakes, 31-60 days daily gains, notable (P<0.05) 31-60 days daily rations are reduced
Transformation efficiency numerical value.And within whole 60 day experimental period, treatment group also significantly (P<0.05) 1-60 days average opened guideways are improve
Dry matter intake, 1-60 days average total diet dry substance feed intakes and daily gain, having reduces 1-60 days daily ration transformation efficiencies
Trend (P<0.1).Within whole 60 day experimental period, compared with control group, the average opened guideway dry matter intake for the treatment of group is carried
High 24.33 grams, daily gain improves 111.23 grams.In general, opened guideway produced by the present invention can improve adopting for calf
Appetite, improves the daily gain of calf, reduces the numerical value of daily ration transformation efficiency.
The influence that the opened guideway of 2 embodiment of the present invention of table 1 scores Calves Feces
| Project | Control group | Treatment group | P values |
| 1-10 days stools scoreds | 1.49±0.07 | 1.37±0.05 | 0.29 |
| Have loose bowels within 1-10 days number of days | 1.89±0.26a | 1.05±0.19b | 0.01 |
| 11-20 days stools scoreds | 1.64±0.05a | 1.50±0.04b | 0.04 |
| Have loose bowels within 11-20 days number of days | 1.79±0.20a | 1.05±0.14b | ＜ 0.01 |
| 21-30 days stools scoreds | 1.45±0.09 | 1.39±0.08 | 0.64 |
| Have loose bowels within 21-30 days number of days | 1.26±0.37 | 0.89±0.30 | 0.44 |
| 31-60 days stools scoreds | 1.31±0.03a | 1.22±0.02b | 0.05 |
| Have loose bowels within 31-60 days number of days | 1.89±0.30a | 1.05±0.24b | 0.03 |
| 1-60 days stools scoreds | 1.42±0.03a | 1.32±0.02b | 0.02 |
| Have loose bowels within 1-60 days number of days | 6.84±0.68a | 4.05±0.39b | ＜ 0.01 |
Note：Go together different alphabetical a, b represent significant difference.
It can be seen from Table 2 that, compared with control group, treatment group significantly (P<0.05) day of having loose bowels of 1-10 days is reduced
Number.11-20 days and 31-60 days, treatment group significantly (P<0.05) stools scored and number of days of having loose bowels of calf are reduced.And
In the experimental period of whole 60 days, treatment group also significantly (P<0.05) reduce stools scored and have loose bowels number of days.Entirely testing
In phase, compared with control group, the stools scored for the treatment of group and number of days of having loose bowels reduce 0.1 point and 2.79 days respectively.This explanation is originally
Inventing the opened guideway of manufacture can reduce the stools scored of calf, reduce number of days of having loose bowels.
Influence (the unit that the opened guideway of 3 embodiment of the present invention of table 1 is developed to calf body chi：Centimetre)
Note：Go together different alphabetical a, b represent significant difference.
It can be seen from Table 3 that, compared with control group, the opened guideway for the treatment of group is improved that 30 age in days bodies are high, 30 age in days sterns
The high, trend (P of 60 age in days busts<0.1).Additionally, the opened guideway for the treatment of group significantly (P<0.05) improve the age in days of calf 30
With the chest depth of 60 ages in days, compared with control group, 1.92 centimetres and 2.89 centimetres have been respectively increased.This illustrates produced by the present invention opening
Foodstuff can improve the body chi development of calf.
The feeding effect of embodiment 6, Calf―starter
Enforcement place：Hebei Le Yuan animal husbandry
The close He Sitan cow calves 36 of selection postnatal weight, are randomly divided into two groups, every group of 18 calves.Control group
Certain opened guideway of in the market positive name recognition is fed, primary raw material is including corn, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, premix etc..Treatment group feeding is originally
The opened guideway of the manufacture of inventive embodiment 2.Remaining is with embodiment 5.
2 test methods and testing index
With embodiment 5.
3rd, data statistical approach
With embodiment 5.
4th, result of the test
Influence of the opened guideway of 4 embodiment of the present invention of table 2 to calf growth performance
Note：Go together different alphabetical a, b represent significant difference.
It can be seen from Table 4 that, treatment group significantly (P<0.05) improve 1-30 days average opened guideway dry matter intakes,
1-30 days average total diet dry substance feed intakes, 30-60 days daily gains, notable (P<0.05) daily ration conversion in 31-60 days is reduced
Efficiency numbers.And within whole 60 day experimental period, treatment group also significantly (P<0.05) daily gain is improve, daily ration conversion is reduced
Efficiency numbers, are improved becoming for the average total diet dry substance feed intake in 1-60 days average opened guideway dry matter intakes and 1-60 days
Gesture (P<0.1).Compared with control group, 1-60 days daily gains for the treatment of group improve 85.74 grams, the numerical value drop of daily ration transformation efficiency
It is low by 0.21.In general, opened guideway produced by the present invention improves daily gain and dry matter intake, reduces daily ration conversion
The numerical value of efficiency.
The influence that the opened guideway of 5 embodiment of the present invention of table 2 scores Calves Feces
Note：Go together different alphabetical a, b represent significant difference.
It can be seen from Table 5 that, compared with control group, treatment group significantly (P<0.05) reduce 1-10 days, 11-20 days
Have loose bowels number of days, having reduces 31-60 days stools scoreds and the trend (P of number of days of having loose bowels<0.1).And within the experimental period of whole 60 days,
Treatment group also significantly (P<0.05) reduce number of days of having loose bowels, have reduce stools scored trend (P<0.1).Tried at whole 60 days
Test in the phase, compared with control group, the number of days of having loose bowels for the treatment of group is reduced 2.56 days.In general, opened guideway produced by the present invention
The stools scored of calf can be reduced, number of days of having loose bowels is reduced.
Influence (the unit that the opened guideway of 6 embodiment of the present invention of table 2 is developed to calf body chi：Centimetre)
| Project | Control group | Treatment group | P values |
| 30 age in days bodies are high | 79.33±0.79 | 79.81±0.91 | 0.70 |
| 60 age in days bodies are high | 88.11±0.80 | 88.39±0.70 | 0.80 |
| 30 age in days sterns are high | 85.08±0.79 | 86.17±0.86 | 0.36 |
| 60 age in days sterns are high | 94.39±0.94 | 94.17±0.74 | 0.85 |
| 30 age in days bodies are directly long | 68.22±1.24 | 68.14±0.86 | 0.96 |
| 60 age in days bodies are directly long | 81.06±0.92 | 79.56±0.60 | 0.18 |
| 30 age in days Body steep lengths | 71.61±1.33 | 71.17±0.91 | 0.78 |
| 60 age in days Body steep lengths | 84.11±0.91 | 83.42±0.53 | 0.51 |
| 30 age in days busts | 91.64±0.90 | 92.14±0.47 | 0.63 |
| 60 age in days busts | 104.19±1.18 | 106.56±1.02 | 0.14 |
| 30 age in days chest breadth | 19.78±0.30 | 20.44±0.28 | 0.11 |
| 60 age in days chest breadth | 23.00±0.36b | 24.44±0.24a | ＜ 0.01 |
| 30 age in days chest depths | 34.94±0.49 | 36.25±0.62 | 0.11 |
| 60 age in days chest depths | 42.50±0.76b | 45.08±0.52a | ＜ 0.01 |
Note：Go together different alphabetical a, b represent significant difference.
It can be seen from Table 6 that, compared with control group, the opened guideway significantly (P for the treatment of group<0.05) improve calf 60
Age chest breadth and 60 age in days chest depths, have been respectively increased 1.44 centimetres and 2.58 centimetres.This explanation opened guideway produced by the present invention can be with
Improve the body chi development of calf.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of Calf―starter, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Crush, pelletize：By dregs of beans, cotton dregs, DDGS, expanded soybean, the first wheat bran, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, salt, saccharomycete, knurl
Stomach element, calf premix are crushed, and are mixed with the second molasses, obtain material A；The material A is carried out into quenched, granulation, is obtained
Pellet；
Mixing sprinkling：After the particulate material cooling, mix with compressing tablet cereal, the mould inhibitor aqueous solution is sprayed at particulate material and compressing tablet paddy
Thing mixture surface, obtains material B；
Once spray：Soya-bean oil is sprayed on material B surface, after mixing 40~60 seconds, the first molasses of spraying 17%~40% are stirred
After mixing 3~5 minutes, material C is obtained；
Secondary spraying：After material C is cooled down 20~30 minutes, the first molasses of surplus are sprayed, obtain Calf―starter.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in parts by weight, the Calf―starter includes：
40~50 parts of pellet, 40~50 parts of compressing tablet cereal, 0.1 part of mould inhibitor, 1~3 part of soya-bean oil, 3~6 parts of the first molasses；
The particulate material is made up of following raw materials：21~43 parts of dregs of beans, 17~39 parts of cotton dregs, 10~28 parts of DDGS, expanded soybean
17~30 parts, 2~8 parts of the first wheat bran, 1~3 part of stone flour, 0.8~2 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.8~2.4 part of salt, saccharomycete 0.6
~1.3 parts, 0.08~0.13 part of Rumensin, 1.9~2.4 parts of calf premix, 2~3 parts of the second molasses；
Contain 40000~60000IU of vitamin A, 4000~6000IU of vitamin D, vitamin in calf premix described in per 1kg
100~150mg of E, vitamin K5~10mg, vitamin B15~10mg, vitamin B230~50mg, vitamin B630~
50mg, 70~90mg of vitamin C, 60~80mg of nicotinic acid, 5~7mg of copper, 60~70mg of iron, 70~90mg of zinc, 30~50mg of manganese,
0.5~1.5mg of iodine, 0.1~1.0mg of selenium, 0.1~1.0mg of chromium, remaining is the second wheat bran.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the compressing tablet cereal is selected from compressing tablet corn, compressing tablet
Two or more in naked oats, compressing tablet buckwheat or compressing tablet barley.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the compressing tablet cereal is by compressing tablet corn and compressing tablet naked oats
Composition, the compressing tablet corn is (36~41) with the mass ratio of the compressing tablet naked oats：(6~11).
5. preparation method according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that first molasses are sucrose sugar
Honey or beet molasses, second molasses are Sugar cane molasses or beet molasses.
6. preparation method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that the mould inhibitor is propionic acid or richness
Horse acid.
7. preparation method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that the refining temperature is 77~86
DEG C, conditioning period is 55~65 seconds.
8. preparation method according to any one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that the spraying temperature of first molasses
Spend is 27~32 DEG C.
9. preparation method according to any one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterised in that prevent in the mould inhibitor aqueous solution
Mould dose is 1 with the mass ratio of water：(5~8).
10. preparation method according to any one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that the calf is 0~3 monthly age calf
Ox.
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