CN102450406A - Milk replacer capable of promoting growth and development of yellow cattle claves - Google Patents
Milk replacer capable of promoting growth and development of yellow cattle claves Download PDFInfo
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- CN102450406A CN102450406A CN2010105125768A CN201010512576A CN102450406A CN 102450406 A CN102450406 A CN 102450406A CN 2010105125768 A CN2010105125768 A CN 2010105125768A CN 201010512576 A CN201010512576 A CN 201010512576A CN 102450406 A CN102450406 A CN 102450406A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a milk replacer capable of promoting growth and development of yellow cattle claves. The milk replacer is characterized by comprising 10% of whole milk powder, 19.5% of soybean protein concentrate powder, 10% of corn protein powder, 9% of dry whey powder, 10.2% of starch maize, 10% of glucose, 12.3% of grease, 4% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.6% of stone flour, 0.4% of methionine, 1.3% of lysine, 0.3% of salt, 0.5% of emulsifier, 9.4% of a flavoring agent and 1.5% of a premix, adding up to 100%, wherein, the premix comprises 30% of corn, 10.34% of wheat, 10% of mealies alcohol grains, 10% of wheat bran, 10% of peanut meal, 12% of corn protein powder, 7.06% of rice bran, 4.6% of sunflower meal, 2.67% of stone flour, 1.59% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.9% of tin, 0.8% of salt and 0.04% of Duowei, adding up to 100%. The milk replacer provided in the invention is widely applied to Chinese yellow cattle populations like Qinchuan cattle and produces obvious effects in promoting growth and improving productivity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of the early stage feeding and management of livestock and poultry, relate to a kind of daily ration prescription of calf growth, particularly relate to a kind of daily ration prescription that can promote obviously that the Chinese Cattle calf grows.
Background technology
Growing of ox is to increase and the increase of extracellular fluid realizes through cell proliferation and cell.Ox the fastest stage of growing is birth back in 2 monthly ages, so increases the main high-quality milk that leans on rapidly and supplies with nutrition, and required thick protein should be true protein basically, and its digestibility should reach more than 94%.Before the growth of calf musculature mainly concentrated on for 8 monthly ages, be 53 like nascent coefficient of growth to 8 monthly age musculatures; 8～12 monthly ages were 1.7; Reduce to 1.2 during by 1.5 years old.Being grown in after the birth of muscle mainly is the increase of meat fiber volume, and with advancing age, the texture chap of meat is so aged beef matter is thick and stiff.The ratio of fat accounts for 90% of trunk at nascent.1 year old few with interior still increase, increases gradually later on, and the age percentage of bigger then fat is high more.Therefore; Improve the ox economic benefit and mainly show the daily gain aspect; Make full use of the growth rhythm of ox, according to the growth characteristic of ox at different growth phases, the daily ration of prepare and feed different nutrition levels and type; Make it in the age of regulation, reach slaughter weight, this is the key factor of production high-quality, top grade beef.
Just birth calf cud equal zoon not on physiology and metabolic function, cud does not have adults organ elevation angle materialization degree.The growth of cud can be divided into the increase of cud capacity and the growth of cud fine hair, and nascent calf cud volume accounts for 1/3 of four stomaches, later on along with the final cud of improving of digestive function accounts for 4/5 of four stomach cumulative volumes.The increase of cud volume can not stimulate the growth of cud fine hair, has only the growth that the cud epithelium takes place to promote when lumen fermentation, and the existence that stimulates the normal development of cud fine hair to need SCFA is described.The growth of enteron aisle mainly receives the effect of colostrum and normal Ruzhong growth factor before the calf wean.Wean back cud growth course and intestinal development change the influence that mainly receives dietary digestibility of energy feed intake and dietary digestibility of energy concentration.Enteron aisle is along with the marked change of metabolizable energy feed intake, and receives the trophic level effect of altitude.The research of abilities such as use generation material and particulate material shows that the physical aspect of daily ration is little to the influence of intestinal development.
The feed of calf mainly contains three kinds, i.e. full milk, substitute breast milk (powder) and be main fine fodder with cereal.But when feeding calf, often be not all only to feed with a kind of feed always.Producing the special calf of feeding mainly is to feed with full milk or substitute breast milk, has comprised nearly all lactoprotein in the general substitute breast milk, and adds vitamin and mineral matter with the assurance nutrient balance; But calf usually also need provide solid feeds such as drinking-water and cereal.Non-special (cereal is fed) calf of feeding also need suck the breast or substitute breast milk at preceding 6～8 o'clock, still need drink water with hay therebetween etc.; After 6～8 weeks, calf can be that main grain trough is fed in order to corn.
At present, the research of domestic relevant domestic animal substitute breast milk is very active, and achievement has report also the time, and these achievements are promoting animal husbandry to play positive impetus towards development aspect " two-supremes one is excellent ".Follenweider and Metz etc. thought that the yellowish pink depth of trunk was to weigh the important indicator of meat quality in 1991, and the pigment deposition on the trunk receives the influence of many factors such as cattle breeds, age and daily ration.In order to make the veal color of producing pale; The absorption of then strict control daily ration kind solid feed (cellulose) of the producer and iron; So just feed with the very low milk of iron content or milk powder or other milk replacers; And not any pad grass of lay and wall to wall in the calf circle, even the fence of cattle pen all surrounds with the non iron equipment.But, only feed and the famine of the iron that causes with full milk, not only cause the anaemia of ox, single, the oxygen demand of feed reduces in addition, and it is seriously low that the speed of growth then can appear in premunition reduction etc.Iron is the part or the important prothetic group of the plurality of enzymes of catalysis body oxidation; Research in 1993 such as Robyh confirms that the activity of sideropenic its relevant enzyme of calf reduces; So anerobic glycolysis in the body and lactose circulation aggravation; Make energy consumption increase, the opisthosoma of asiderosis group calf weighs and average daily gain all significantly is lower than the sufficient group of iron, and asiderosis group calf is to the sensitiveness rising of insulin.G.A.J.Miltenburg etc. studied and have fattened in preceding 7 all feeds iron content to the influence of yellowish pink in 1992, and finding to butcher iron and pigment content in the muscle of back, to be fattened the influence of iron content in preceding 7 all milk replacers bigger.Under traditional feeding manner, at the whole fattening period that reaches 6 months of calf, calf only uses substitute breast milk to feed as the liquid feed on basis, and any solid matter of not feeding, the influence to calf is very big like this.The milk replacer of only feeding not only influences the physiological development of cud, and has suppressed to chew and ruminate the formation of the normal behaviour of these solid feed calves of feeding.And the normal ball top that forms can influence the digestion activity of calf in the calf cud of this liquid feed of only feeding.Also commonly in veal production influence its digestion because of cud nipple hyperkeratosis.But this feeding manner allows veal sickly, and pale asphyxia to be consumer and marketing expert estimate vituline leading indicator.European Council considers from animal welfare, has issued a 97/2/EC standard, has stipulated the minimum quantity delivered of cellulose forage in the calf daily ration in 8～20 ages in week, but wherein for the particular provisions that do not have of cellulose forage.G.Cozzi etc. just compared that two kinds of different fibrous feedstuffs of supplementary feeding---megasse and wheat straw are to the influence of veal calf production performance, cud growth and trunk and meat in 2002; Finding extremely significantly increases (P＜0.01) in the increasing day by day of calf of supplementary feeding megasse group, and the calf health status of supplementary feeding solid feed also is better than the milk replacer group of only feeding; And G.Cozz etc. think that iron content does not have direct relation in yellowish pink and the feed, but depend on the utilize ability of animal to iron in the feed.The supply situation of roughage all has very big influence to behavior and the welfare of calf.Research in 1991 can be known according to Koojiman etc., in feeding process, let calf free choice feeding hay can reduce the addiction of licking of calf, but the effect of corn silage aspect is then less.Yet,,, often can make the abomasum wound of calf like stalk if fiber content is too high in the roughage.If the daily ration kind of calf lacks enough roughages, tend to cause chronic stress.Research in 2002 such as S.Mattiello behavior and the physiological change of calf under the substitute breast milk of only feeding, substitute breast milk+wheat straw and three kinds of conditions of feeding of substitute breast milk+megasse, the result shows that roughage is formed safe behavioural habits to calf and played an important role.J.N.Kaufhold etc. studied the influence of frequency to take food back internal metabolism and hormonal readiness of feeding in 2000; Find to feed in the 16h more than 6 times with twice these the two kinds of frequency of feeding of only feeding every day under feed intake not remarkable with daily gain difference, still two groups metabolism and endocrine level difference are remarkable.Under the mode that full milk is fed and milk replacer is fed, complete feeding of liquid feed also can be caused a series of digestive problems to calf.Wiepkma etc. 1987 find, only feed cow's milk and the roughage of not feeding can be suppressed cud and grown.Research in 2002 such as Cozzi and the developmental state that has compared the liquid+hay of feeding, liquid feed+megasse and only fed the substitute breast milk calf find that hay can promote the growth of cud, and megasse can promote the growth of reticulum, and is all effective than the substitute breast milk group of feeding.The pellet of pointing out at 1999 and 2000 to feed such as Morisse also can promote the growth of calf cud.Di Giancamillo etc. 2003 find to feed ox most of the time of solid feed search for food feed with ruminate, to the calf of the liquid feed of feeding then most time lick any article that he can touch adding.Welchman and Baust 1987 substitute breast milk of finding to feed can make the calf pyloric part form the symptom protuberance.Discovering of the calf that Wipkema etc. 1987 raise 60 single cages visual wound occurred on about 2/3 the calf abomasum wall.
In the flourishing countries and regions of international dairy, how with substitute breast milk with open the foodstuff combination to calf enforcement early weaning.Utilize in China and to open foodstuff and calf is carried out early weaning achieve success, and be the employing of vast milk cow place.And substitute breast milk slowly fails to be applied, and main cause is that the raiser is to cultivating the calf insufficient recognition with substitute breast milk.Yet along with China's dairy intensification is produced, cattle farm production, management development and the people are to the sustainable growth of high-quality beef demand, and this feeds calf with regard to needing the suitable substitute breast milk of exploiting economy.In addition, Chinese Cattle is livestock on hand 100,000,000 bulls approximately, but all have the low problem of the output of milk, even are difficult to satisfy the needs of calf.Therefore, the research of exploitation feed substituting with milk for calf has very strong realistic meaning undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is constantly studying on the basis of improving the substitute breast milk prescription according to calf nutritional need and self metabolism situation, develops to be suitable for the substitute breast milk that the Chinese Cattle calf grows, and this substitute breast milk can obviously improve the growth rate of calf.
A kind of technical solution that realizes above-mentioned purpose is: a kind of feed substituting with milk for calf; It is characterized in that; This substitute breast milk is made up of whole milk powder, the concentrated albumen-powder of soybeans, corn protein powder, dried whey powder, cornstarch, glucose, grease, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, methionine, lysine, salt, emulsifying agent, flavouring agent, premix, wherein premix, wheat bran poor by corn, wheat, corn, alcohol, peanut meal, corn protein powder, rice bran, sunflower meal, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, tin, salt, many little compositions.
Each composition proportion of composing of substitute breast milk is:
Above-mentioned premix proportion of composing is:
Substitute breast milk of the present invention has been applied in the Chinese Cattle colonies such as Qin Chuan ox; In calf period; Through using substitute breast milk the indexs of growing such as its body weight, height, body length, chest measurement, chest depth, hip width are significantly increased, have obtained tangible promotion growth, improve the effect of growing.
The specific embodiment
The promoter prescription:
Each composition proportion of composing of substitute breast milk is:
Above-mentioned premix proportion of composing is:
Experiment and application:
(1) the experiment ox is selected and divides into groups
This experiment calf selects the big farming animals in Xi'an to herd about the ox cultivation base birth weight 25kg of science and technology Co., Ltd Qin Chuan 36 of individual Qin Chuan of the same size ox 10～20 age in days calves; Be divided into 3 groups at random; Be respectively full milk group, fine fodder group, substitute breast milk group, 12 every group.
(2) feeding and management
Take single hurdle to raise after the calf birth, respectively group milk bull calf is unified fed normal newborn 5 days.After 5 days, the full milk group is tested feed full milk and additional part fine fodder of full phase; The fine fodder group is the calf fine fodder of feeding and purchase Shaanxi Zhengda Company in the basis with cow's milk; In generation,, newborn group was fed with the substitute breast milk of preparation.Three group day hello substitute breast milk amounts are 8%～12% of body weight, feed every day 3 times, and breast and substitute breast milk temperature are freely drunk water from 15 ages in days at 38 ℃～40 ℃, and free choice feeding hay, other control measures and immune programme for children are raised routine by beef cattle and carried out.
(3) index determining
2.2.1 growing state is measured
Pursued head by group in per 15 days and measure a body chi index, weigh, observe cows health status, and statistics increases weight.
Measured traits included: body length from shoulder edge (humerus conflict) to the ipsilateral ischial tuberosity distance between the rear edge; body height, also known as high withers, the highest point since the withers to the ground the vertical height; waist-high, also known as hip cross for two lumbar angle to the midpoint of the vertical height of the ground; rump length, also known as the crown-rump length, angle of the leading edge of the waist to the ischial tuberosity distance between the trailing edge; waist wide angle, two waist angle The distance between the outer edge; chest depth, shoulder trailing edge of the chest, the lower the distance between; bust at the trailing edge of the scapula as a vertical line, RAO one week with a tape measure; hucklebone wide, also known as hip width or rump end width, the two outer width between the ischial tuberosity.
(4) data analysis
Data adopts Microsoft 2003Excel disposal data, carries out statistical analysis with 13.0 pairs of test datas of SPSS, carries out one-way analysis of variance with One-way ANOVA.
(5) experimental result
The data that experiment obtains, after treatment, the result is following:
0～6 monthly age was respectively organized the changes of weight situation (unit: kg) of calf
| Monthly age | The full milk group | The substitute breast milk group | The fine fodder group |
| 0 | 23.67±2.45 a | 23.81±2.36 a | 24.06±2.73 a |
| 0.5 | 30.17±1.88 a | 30.87±2.06 a | 30.32±2.20 a |
| 1.0 | 47.10±6.83 a | 48.34±5.61 a | 47.24±6.29 a |
| 1.5 | 61.17±8.36 a | 65.65±5.13 a | 61.67±6.75 a |
| 2.0 | 80.91±6.84 a | 89.80±7.09 b | 81.03±4.04 a |
| 2.5 | 95.91±8.34 a | 106.76±9.32 b | 96.01±10.24 a |
| 3.0 | 113.81±5.27 a | 126.76±12.56 b | 113.87±10.56 a |
| 3.5 | 130.24±14.45 a | 145.22±16.46 b | 131.67±15.50 a |
| 4.0 | 147.81±5.27 a | 165.76±12.56 b | 147.17±10.56 a |
Annotate: getting the bid with delegation has the expression significant difference (P＜0.05) of different lowercases, down together.
Last table can find out that the Qin Chuan calf body weight of substitute breast milk group is significantly higher than full milk group and fine fodder group (P＜0.05) along with the increase at monthly age increases when 2.0～4.0 monthly ages.
0.5～6 monthly ages were respectively organized the height situation of change (unit: cm) of calf
| Monthly age | The full milk group | The substitute breast milk group | The fine fodder group |
| 0.5 | 83.82±3.03 a | 84.15±4.61 a | 83.58±4.21 a |
| 1.0 | 87.42±3.58 a | 88.77±2.43 a | 87.38±3.67 a |
| 1.5 | 92.58±2.68 a | 93.58±1.74 a | 91.42±3.48 a |
| 2.0 | 94.17±3.76 a | 96.33±4.15 a | 95.15±4.64 a |
| 2.5 | 97.12±3.03 a | 99.58±2.62 a | 97.98±3.67 a |
| 3.0 | 100.58±4.21 a | 104.42±3.58 b | 101.07±2.43 a |
| 3.5 | 104.92±1.93 a | 108.00±3.46 b | 105.72±1.73 a |
| 4.0 | 108.03±3.74 a | 110.42±4.39 a | 107.20±1.77 a |
Last table can find out that the Qin Chuan calf height of substitute breast milk group is significantly higher than full milk group and fine fodder group (P＜0.05) along with the increase at monthly age increases when 3.0～3.5 monthly ages.
0.5～6 monthly ages were respectively organized the long situation of change of the body (unit: cm) of calf
| Monthly age | The full milk group | The substitute breast milk group | The fine fodder group |
| 0.5 | 75.03±3.72 a | 75.85±3.97 a | 76.06±4.23 a |
| 1.0 | 81.09±5.91 a | 81.08±4.60 a | 81.23±6.60 a |
| 1.5 | 86.00±3.16 a | 87.45±3.48 a | 87.25±5.27 a |
| 2.0 | 91.25±4.31 a | 92.62±5.71 a | 91.00±6.45 a |
| 2.5 | 96.67±3.98 a | 98.55±5.46 a | 96.47±3.02 a |
| 3.0 | 101.89±6.54 a | 105.42±5.06 b | 101.25±3.53 a |
| 3.5 | 105.85±5.32 a | 108.22±3.87 a | 106.47±5.51 a |
| 4.0 | 110.75±6.97 a | 111.83±4.96 a | 109.80±5.19 a |
Last table can find out that the Qin Chuan calf body length of substitute breast milk group is significantly higher than full milk group and fine fodder group (P＜0.05) along with the increase at monthly age increases when 3.0 monthly ages.
0.5～6 monthly ages were respectively organized the chest measurement situation of change (unit: cm) of calf
| Monthly age | The full milk group | The substitute breast milk group | The fine fodder group |
| 0.5 | 94.23±3.17 a | 94.50±5.18 a | 95.06±4.67 a |
| 1.0 | 100.42±1.50 a | 100.83±3.12 a | 99.90±5.86 a |
| 1.5 | 105.00±4.00 a | 107.59±4.76 a | 105.42±3.55 a |
| 2.0 | 109.82±5.56 a | 113.30±6.54 a | 110.67±3.83 a |
| 2.5 | 116.42±4.67 a | 119.40±8.31 b | 116.50±6.06 a |
| 3.0 | 121.11±6.97 a | 125.33±4.39 b | 120.35±7.17 a |
| 3.5 | 129.08±7.92 a | 130.75±2.68 a | 128.06±4.76 a |
| 4.0 | 133.33±3.49 a | 134.48±6.54 a | 132.65±4.84 a |
Last table can find out that the Qin Chuan calf chest measurement of substitute breast milk group is significantly higher than full milk group and fine fodder group (P＜0.05) along with the increase at monthly age increases when 2.5～3.0 monthly ages.
0.5～6 monthly ages were respectively organized the chest depth situation of change (unit: cm) of calf
| Monthly age | The full milk group | The substitute breast milk group | The fine fodder group |
| 0.5 | 22.92±3.06 a | 23.02±4.18 a | 23.10±3.23 a |
| 1.0 | 25.73±1.51 a | 26.62±2.11 a | 26.25±1.88 a |
| 1.5 | 30.33±2.30 a | 32.92±2.18 a | 30.00±1.53 a |
| 2.0 | 34.34±2.86 a | 37.67±1.17 a | 34.82±2.83 a |
| 2.5 | 37.67±1.37 a | 42.25±1.25 b | 37.35±3.03 a |
| 3.0 | 42.72±1.37 a | 44.47±2.54 a | 42.58±1.77 a |
| 3.5 | 44.67±3.14 a | 45.55±3.34 a | 45.27±2.96 a |
| 4.0 | 45.06±3.16 a | 46.67±2.27 a | 47.17±3.43 a |
Last table can find out that the Qin Chuan calf chest depth of substitute breast milk group is significantly higher than full milk group and fine fodder group (P＜0.05) along with the increase at monthly age increases when 2.5 monthly ages.
0.5～6 monthly ages were respectively organized the hip width situation of change (unit: cm) of calf
| Monthly age | The full milk group | The substitute breast milk group | The fine fodder group |
| 0.5 | 19.83±0.97 a | 20.13±1.28 a | 20.25±2.26 a |
| 1.0 | 20.82±1.52 a | 21.15±1.44 a | 21.29±2.83 a |
| 1.5 | 22.46±2.11 a | 23.75±1.41 a | 22.14±0.84 a |
| 2.0 | 23.19±1.56 a | 25.33±1.37 b | 23.07±1.54 a |
| 2.5 | 24.00±1.05 a | 26.42±0.80 b | 24.28±1.37 a |
| 3.0 | 25.95±0.85 a | 27.28±1.37 a | 25.75±2.27 a |
| 3.5 | 27.20±1.05 a | 28.85±1.23 a | 27.32±1.25 a |
| 4.0 | 28.92±1.41 a | 29.10±2.21 a | 28.42±0.92 a |
Last table can find out that the Qin Chuan calf hip width of substitute breast milk group is significantly higher than full milk group and fine fodder group (P＜0.05) along with the increase at monthly age increases when 2.0～2.5 monthly ages.
In addition, through the measuring analysis, learn that the waist of Qin Chuan calf of substitute breast milk group is high, buttocks is long and point of the buttocks is wide does not have remarkable relation (P＞0.05) in 0.5～4.0 monthly age and full milk group and fine fodder group.
Result to sum up, calf period in the Qin Chuan, through using substitute breast milk, all obviously raisings of index of growing such as the body weight of Qin Chuan ox, height, body length, chest measurement, chest depth, hip width.
Claims (4)
1. substitute breast milk that promotes that calf grows; It is characterized in that this substitute breast milk is made up of whole milk powder, the concentrated albumen-powder of soybeans, corn protein powder, dried whey powder, cornstarch, glucose, grease, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, methionine, lysine, salt, emulsifying agent, flavouring agent, premix.
2. premix as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this premix is poor by corn, wheat, corn, alcohol, wheat bran, peanut meal, corn protein powder, rice bran, sunflower meal, stone flour, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, tin, salt, many little compositions.
3. premix as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The ratio of this substitute breast milk constituent is respectively: whole milk powder 10%, the concentrated albumen-powder of soybeans 19.5%, corn protein powder 10%, dried whey powder 9%, cornstarch 10.2%, glucose 10%, grease 12.3%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 4%, stone flour 1.6%, methionine 0.4%, lysine 1.3%, salt 0.3%, emulsifying agent 0.5%, flavouring agent 9.4%, premix 1.5% add up to 100%.
4. like claim 1 and 2 described premixes; It is characterized in that; The ratio of this premix constituent is respectively: corn 30%, wheat 10.34%, maize alcohol lees 10%, wheat bran 10%, peanut meal 10%, corn protein powder 12%, rice bran 7.06%, sunflower meal 4.6%, stone flour 2.67%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.59%, tin 0.9%, salt 0.8%, how little 0.04% add up to 100%.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107095009A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-08-29 | 贵州山耕公社新农人技术开发有限公司 | A kind of weaning period ox calf feed and its method for breeding |
| CN107581369A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-16 | 黄业钧 | A kind of green beef fat feed of health and preparation method thereof |
| CN114158650A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-11 | 河南诺尔饲料有限公司 | Fermented full-mixed soft-particle starter feed for young ruminants and preparation method thereof |
-
2010
- 2010-10-19 CN CN2010105125768A patent/CN102450406A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107095009A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-08-29 | 贵州山耕公社新农人技术开发有限公司 | A kind of weaning period ox calf feed and its method for breeding |
| CN107581369A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-16 | 黄业钧 | A kind of green beef fat feed of health and preparation method thereof |
| CN114158650A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-11 | 河南诺尔饲料有限公司 | Fermented full-mixed soft-particle starter feed for young ruminants and preparation method thereof |
| CN114158650B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-02-23 | 河南诺尔饲料有限公司 | Fermented full-mixed soft granule feed for young ruminants and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120516 |