CN114145142B

CN114145142B - Industrial cutting method for sympodial bamboos

Info

Publication number: CN114145142B
Application number: CN202111400637.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 童龙; 李彬; 李红艳; 陈丽洁; 耿养会; 李川; 张磊; 冉斌
Original assignee: CHONGQING ACADEMY OF FORESTRY
Current assignee: CHONGQING ACADEMY OF FORESTRY
Priority date: 2021-11-19
Filing date: 2021-11-19
Publication date: 2023-06-06
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-19
Also published as: CN114145142A

Abstract

The invention discloses a sympodial bamboo factory cutting method, which belongs to the field of sympodial bamboo seedling raising, and comprises the following steps: selecting seedling bamboo sections: selecting branches on the parent bamboo, and selecting a section in the middle of the branches as a seedling bamboo section; and (3) seedling bamboo segment treatment: 2-3 months each year, cutting branches and leaves from a selected section by taking a middle bamboo joint as a center, removing branches and leaves from the left side and the right side respectively to obtain a cutting material containing complete bamboo joints, soaking the cutting material in an ABT rooting powder solution for 1.5-2.5 hours, and filling soil in the hollow part of the bamboo after soaking; planting: embedding cutting materials in parallel into nutrition bags, covering soil, watering thoroughly, and building an arch shed; seedling raising: the humidity in the arch shed is 68-72% in the seedling stage, the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the seedling stage is covered by a sunshade net, and the seedling stage is transplanted in spring of the next year. The method for cultivating the sympodial bamboos by using the seedling burying method improves the seedling burying method and the nutrition supply management method, improves the rooting rate and the survival rate of the seedlings, and also improves the survival rate of long-distance transplanting.

Description

Industrial cutting method for sympodial bamboos

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of sympodial bamboo seedling cultivation, in particular to a sympodial bamboo factory cutting method.

Background

The sympodial bamboos are bamboo species with important economic value in the south, the bamboo shoots are edible, the bamboos can be used for weaving paper pulp, fibers and split bamboo strips, and the bamboo plants can be used for ornamental and greening. The propagation modes of the sympodial bamboos mainly comprise parent bamboos for separating plants, carrying roots for seedling cultivation, burial node seedling cultivation, cutting seedling cultivation and the like, but the parent bamboos for separating plants for transplanting are low in propagation speed, the number of seedlings is limited, the growth of bamboo clusters and the growth of bamboo shoots for forming the bamboos are influenced by the parent bamboos after digging, meanwhile, the long-distance transplanting survival rate of the seedlings for separating plants is high, the quantity of the seedlings for large and medium-sized sympodial bamboos is small, the efficiency of the propagation survival rate of the burial node seedling cultivation and the cutting seedling cultivation is generally low, and the technical method can increase the survival rate of the large and medium-sized sympodial bamboos for burial node seedling cultivation, improve the propagation efficiency of the bamboo seedlings, reduce the seedling cultivation cost and facilitate seedling cultivation.

CN104641912a discloses a method for out-of-season buried seedling of phyllostachys pubescens, which comprises the steps of taking down bamboo joints one by one, cutting two ends of the bamboo joints into horseshoe shape, retaining 2-3 thick main branches, pasting mud mass containing ABT rooting powder at the branch stump of each bamboo joint; filling water into bamboo cavities at the upper part of the bamboo joints, pasting with mud, and burying the joints; building a mulching film greenhouse and a shading net; after burial, 800ppm of ABT rooting powder solution is sprayed on the branch roots of the main branches with a sprayer every month until 12 months. The method uses mud to paste bamboo joints, and the mud is hardened in the seedling raising process, which is not beneficial to ventilation and water permeation of bamboo and absorption of nutrient substances, and causes rooting difficulty. If the water-retaining agent is added into soil on the basis, the water-retaining agent can excessively absorb water in the soil, soil hardening is accelerated, the water-retaining agent excessively absorbs water during watering, rotten roots are caused, and bamboo seedlings are easy to die.

CN108377831a discloses a method for raising seedlings of buried knots of sympodial bamboos, which comprises the steps of cutting down new bamboos from a base part within 48 hours before the pretreatment of the seedling bamboo sections, cutting out bamboo sections containing 2 bamboo joints and 1 complete internode, and sawing the middle parts of the internodes adjacent outwards from the bamboo joints at two ends to obtain seedling bamboo sections; drilling holes in the middle of the seedling bamboo segment, injecting growth hormone into the holes, sealing the holes by using preservative film or moist clay, and breeding the sympodial bamboos, wherein the method has the defects of low rooting rate and low survival rate.

At present, the conventional cutting seedling survival rate is low mainly because the seedling is grown in a seedling bed, the matrix used in the seedling bed is common soil, and when the seedling is grown in the seedling bed and the finished seedling is sold, the seedling is dug out of the seedling bed, the root system of the bamboo seedling is damaged to cause the reduction of the survival rate, in addition, the seedling needs to be carefully maintained and managed after the later planting, and the period from the planting to the turning green to the complete survival to the forest-forming bamboo shoot production is at least 2-3 years, and the period is long, so that the development of the bamboo industry is not facilitated. Therefore, a cutting method of sympodial bamboos is urgently needed at present, the rooting rate and the survival rate of seedlings are improved, and meanwhile, the survival rate of long-distance transplanting is also improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an industrial cutting method for sympodial bamboos, which adopts a method for raising seedlings by burial knots to cultivate the sympodial bamboos, improves the method for raising seedlings by burial knots and a nutrition supply management method, improves the rooting rate and the survival rate of seedlings, and also improves the survival rate of long-distance transplanting.

The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:

an industrial cutting method for sympodial bamboos, which comprises the following steps:

selecting seedling bamboo sections: selecting branches on the parent bamboo, and selecting a section in the middle of the branches as a seedling bamboo section;

and (3) seedling bamboo segment treatment: 2-3 months each year, cutting the left side and the right side of a selected section by taking a bamboo joint as the center, removing branches and leaves to obtain a cutting material containing complete bamboo joints, soaking the cutting material in an ABT rooting powder solution for 1.5-2.5 hours, and filling soil in the hollow part of the bamboo after soaking;

planting: embedding cutting materials in parallel into nutrition bags, covering soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, and building an arch shed;

seedling raising: the humidity in the arch shed is 68-72% in the seedling stage, the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the seedling stage is covered by a sunshade net, and the seedling stage is transplanted in spring of the next year.

The seedling cultivation period also comprises conventional management after bagging, including regular watering, weed cleaning and other conventional management means.

Preferably, bamboo with 1-2 years of growth and chest diameter larger than 4cm is selected as parent bamboo, and the growth time of branches selected on the parent bamboo is 1 year.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the ABT rooting powder solution is 50-100mg/L.

Preferably, the upper part of the middle bamboo joint of the cutting material is reserved for 2-4cm, and the lower part of the middle bamboo joint is reserved for 3-5cm.

Preferably, the nutrition bag is provided with a culture medium, and the culture medium is prepared by mixing turfy soil, perlite, loess and vegetable cakes according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.5:0.1.

Preferably, foliar fertilizer is applied after the seedlings emerge and root. The foliar fertilizer can be urea solution with concentration of 1-1.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with concentration of 0.3% or zinc sulfate solution with concentration of 0.1-0.2%.

Preferably, the soil adopted by the invention is composite mud, and the preparation method of the composite mud is as follows:

(1) Preparing a pine needle fiber tube: selecting mature, fresh, non-dry and non-insect-attack pinus massoniana pine needles, shearing off leaf stems, cleaning with clear water, naturally airing, soaking in 2% hydrochloric acid methanol solution for 2-3h at normal temperature, cleaning after soaking, putting into a reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 200 ℃, pressurizing to 0.2MPa, taking out after 2-2.5h, spreading out, cooling to room temperature to obtain coarse pine needle fibers, mixing with sodium alginate, polyacrylonitrile, water and sodium dodecyl sulfate uniformly to prepare suspension, adjusting pH=7-7.5 of the suspension, mixing the solution with 5wt% calcium chloride solution to obtain pine needle gel, heating to 300-320 ℃, pressurizing to 0.2-0.25, taking out after reaction for 3-4h, spreading out, cooling, cleaning with 0.2wt% sodium hydroxide solution, cleaning with clear water, naturally airing to obtain pine needle fiber tubes, and crushing the pine needle fiber tubes to 0.5-1cm for later use;

(2) And (3) treating a pine needle fiber tube: soaking the pine needle fiber tube in saturated urea solution for 5-6 hours, and taking out;

(3) Preparing composite mud: and uniformly mixing the treated pine needle fiber tube with mountain mud and river sand to obtain the composite mud.

The pine needle volatile oil has high content, oily substances are required to be removed in the reaction kettle after being soaked in acid liquid, and meanwhile, the pine needle is activated once, so that the pine needle and soil are prevented from being mixed and fermented, and the subsequent treatment is convenient. And then, the pine needles are activated again by the synergistic effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyacrylonitrile and sodium alginate, so that the toughness of the pine needles is improved, the decomposability of the pine needles is reduced, the pine needles are mixed with a calcium chloride solution to prepare gel and then react in a reaction kettle, the bulk and the porosity of the pine needles are improved, the water conductivity of the pine needle fiber tubes and the function of conveying nutrient substances are further improved, and the pine needle fiber tubes are filled with nutrition and water after being soaked by urea, so that the growth and survival of the bamboo seedlings in the later stage are guaranteed.

The bamboo joint hollow part is filled with soil, so that nutrition supply can be guaranteed in the early stage, water absorption and nutrition absorption of bamboo joints are facilitated, but the soil hardening is easily caused by filling the bamboo joint hollow part with traditional peat soil or mountain mud, and therefore the soil hardening is prevented by using composite mud, ventilation and water permeation of roots are facilitated, and nutrition ingredient absorption is facilitated.

The pine needle fiber tube added into the composite mud has the functions of water guiding and nutrition conveying, is favorable for rooting of seedlings, and the root system of the seedlings penetrates deep into the pine needle fiber after rooting, water guiding and nutrition conveying functions of the pine needle fiber are utilized to absorb water and nutrition, so that the growth of the roots is accelerated, and meanwhile, the seedling withdrawal phenomenon caused by insufficient nutrition in the seedling stage is prevented. Meanwhile, as the pine needle fiber has rich pore structures and loose fiber structures, gaps are formed between mountain mud and river sand, and the situation that the composite mud is hardened and airtight, so that seedlings are lack of oxygen and do not root or root slowly can be prevented.

Preferably, the volume of the composite mud filling part is 75-85% of the volume of the bamboo hollow part.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the pine needle crude fiber to the sodium alginate to the polyacrylonitrile to the water to the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 5:0.3:1:10:1.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the pine needle fiber tube to mountain mud and river sand is 1:5:0.1.

The beneficial effects are that:

the composite mud has the advantages of water guiding, nutrition conveying and hardening and anoxia prevention, is favorable for shortening the rooting time of seedlings, increasing the rooting quantity, facilitating the continuous growth of seedlings in the later period, adopting a section of seedling raising bamboo section and the composite mud for combined seedling raising, facilitating the improvement of the rooting quantity and survival rate of the seedlings, enabling the survival rate to reach more than 80%, being favorable for propagation and growth of sympodial bamboos due to more rooting quantity, being suitable for long-distance transportation and providing a foundation for subsequent buried node forestation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of parallel embedding of cutting material into a nutrition bag;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth of bamboo seedlings during the seedling stage;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a section of a bamboo seedling segment.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples below:

example 1: culturing the sympodial bamboos

Selecting seedling bamboo sections: selecting bamboo growing for 2 years and with chest diameter of 4cm as parent bamboo, selecting branches growing for 1 year on the parent bamboo as raw materials, and selecting a section in the middle of the branches as a seedling raising bamboo section;

and (3) seedling bamboo segment treatment: 2-3 months per year, cutting from a selected section by taking bamboo joints as the center, respectively cutting the left side and the right side, reserving 2-4cm at the upper part of the bamboo joints, reserving 3-5cm at the lower part of the bamboo joints, removing branches and leaves to obtain a cutting material containing complete bamboo joints, soaking the cutting material in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 100mg/L for 2 hours, and filling soil in the hollow part of the bamboo after soaking, wherein the filling volume is 75% of the volume of the hollow part of the bamboo;

planting: mixing turfy soil, perlite, loess and vegetable cakes according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.5:0.1 to prepare a culture medium, filling the culture medium into a nutrition bag, filling the nutrition bag with the culture medium to the height of about 60%, then burying cutting materials in the nutrition bag in parallel, covering the soil or the nutrition medium, compacting, watering thoroughly, and building an arch shed;

seedling raising: the humidity in the arch greenhouse is kept at 68-72% in the seedling raising period, the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the sunshade net is used for shading, watering is properly carried out according to the local rainfall condition, the sunshade net is properly opened and covered according to the temperature condition, and the seedling is transplanted out of the nursery in spring of the next year. After the seedlings emerge and root, a foliar fertilizer is applied, and the foliar fertilizer can be urea solution with the concentration of 1-1.5%.

Example 2: two-stage cultivation of sympodial bamboos

In this embodiment, the composite mud is used to fill the hollow space of bamboo, and the preparation method is as follows:

(1) Preparing a pine needle fiber tube: selecting mature, fresh, non-withered and non-insect-attack pinus massoniana pine needles, cutting off leaf stalks, cleaning with clear water, naturally air-drying, soaking in 2% hydrochloric acid methanol solution for 2.5h at normal temperature, cleaning after soaking, putting into a reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 200 ℃, pressurizing to 0.2MPa, taking out after reacting for 2h, spreading out, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the coarse pine needle fibers. Weighing coarse pine needle fiber with the mass of 500g, then uniformly mixing with 30g of sodium alginate, 100g of polyacrylonitrile, 5000g of water and 100g of sodium dodecyl sulfate to prepare suspension, regulating the pH value of the suspension to be about 7, then mixing the suspension with 5000g of 5wt% calcium chloride solution to obtain pine needle gel, putting the pine needle gel into a reaction kettle again, heating to 310 ℃, pressurizing to 0.2Mpa, taking out the pine needle gel after reaction for 4 hours, spreading for cooling, washing with 0.2wt% sodium hydroxide solution, washing with clear water to obtain a pine needle fiber tube, and crushing the pine needle fiber tube to 0.5-1cm for later use after natural air drying;

(2) And (3) treating a pine needle fiber tube: soaking the pine needle fiber tube in saturated urea solution for 5 hours, and taking out;

(3) Preparing composite mud: uniformly mixing the treated 1kg pine needle fiber tube, 5kg mountain mud and 0.1kg river sand to obtain composite mud.

The sympodial bamboo cultivation method is the same as in example 1, but composite mud is used to fill the hollow part of the bamboo, and the filling volume is 75% of the volume of the hollow part of the bamboo.

Example 3: three-cultivation method for sympodial bamboos

and (3) treating a bamboo section for seedling culture in a section: 2-3 months per year, cutting from a selected section by taking bamboo joints as the center, respectively cutting the left side and the right side, wherein the upper part of each bamboo joint is reserved for 2-4cm, the lower part of each bamboo joint is reserved for 3-5cm, removing branches and leaves to obtain a cutting material containing complete bamboo joints, soaking the cutting material in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 50mg/L for 2.5 hours, and filling the composite mud prepared in the embodiment 2 in the hollow part of the bamboo after soaking, wherein the filling volume is 75% of the volume of the hollow part of the bamboo;

Example 4: cultivation of sympodial bamboos

Selecting seedling bamboo sections: selecting bamboo growing for 2 years and with a chest diameter of 4cm as a parent bamboo, selecting branches growing for 1 year on the parent bamboo as raw materials, and selecting two sections in the middle of the branches as seedling raising bamboo sections, wherein the two sections comprise two complete bamboo joints;

and (3) seedling bamboo segment treatment: 2-3 months per year, respectively shearing from the left side and the right side of the selected two sections, keeping the upper bamboo joint at 2-4cm, keeping the lower bamboo joint at 3-5cm, removing branches and leaves to obtain two cutting materials containing complete bamboo joints, soaking the cutting materials in an ABT rooting powder solution with the concentration of 50mg/L for 2.5 hours, and filling the hollow parts of the left side and the right side of the bamboo joints with the composite mud prepared in the embodiment 2, wherein the filling volume is 75% of the volume of the hollow part of the bamboo;

the planting and seedling raising steps are the same as in example 3.

Example 5: five-cultivation method for sympodial bamboos

In the seedling bamboo segment treatment step, after the cutting material is soaked by the ABT rooting powder solution, soil or composite mud is not filled in the hollow part of the bamboo, and the rest steps are the same as in example 3.

Examples 1-5 50 cutting materials were prepared respectively for experiments, and survival and growth of bamboo seedlings were observed during the experiments, and the obtained data are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

Analysis of table 1 shows that:

(1) The example 1 adopts common soil to fill bamboo hollow space, the example 2 adopts composite soil to fill, and compared with the example 2, the example 1 has obvious rooting amount, root length, number of grown living plants and survival rate difference after 60 days, which shows that the composite soil has promoting effect on the growth process of the bamboo seedlings in the later period and improves the rooting rate and survival rate of the seedlings.

(2) Example 2 is superior to example 3 in comparison with example 3, and the cultivation method of example 3 is better than example 2, which means that the cultivation method of example 3 is better and more favorable for practical cultivation.

(3) Compared with example 4, example 3 adopts two sections of bamboo joint seedlings, example 3 adopts one section of bamboo joint seedlings, the survival rate and the growth condition of the bamboo seedlings of example 3 are obviously better than those of example 4, and the rooting time is shorter, which indicates that the one section of bamboo joint seedlings are beneficial to improving the rooting rate and the survival rate of the seedlings.

(4) Compared with example 5, the bamboo in example 5 is free from filling soil or composite mud in the hollow part, the rooting quantity, root length and survival rate are low, and the rooting time is longer, which indicates that the cutting material is used for seedling raising after being filled with the composite mud, the rooting time is short, the seedling growth vigor is good, and the survival rate is improved.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention. The technology, shape, and construction parts of the present invention, which are not described in detail, are known in the art.

Claims

1. The industrial cutting method for the sympodial bamboos is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

seedling raising: the humidity in the arch shed is 68-72% in the seedling period, the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the arch shed is covered by a sunshade net, and the arch shed is transplanted in spring of the next year;

the soil is composite mud, and the preparation method of the composite mud comprises the following steps:

(3) Preparing composite mud: uniformly mixing the treated pine needle fiber tube with mountain mud and river sand to obtain composite mud;

the mass ratio of the pine needle crude fiber to the sodium alginate to the polyacrylonitrile to the water to the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 5:0.3:1:10:1; the mass ratio of the pine needle fiber tube to mountain mud to river sand is 1:5:0.1.

2. The method for industrial cutting of sympodial bamboos according to claim 1, wherein bamboos with 1-2 years of growth and chest diameter larger than 4cm are selected as parent bamboos, and branches selected from the parent bamboos grow for 1 year.

3. The method for industrial cutting of sympodial bamboos according to claim 2, wherein the mass concentration of the ABT rooting powder solution is 50-100mg/L.

4. The method for industrialized cutting of sympodial bamboos according to claim 3, wherein the upper part of the bamboo joints of the cutting material is reserved for 2-4cm, and the lower part of the bamboo joints is reserved for 3-5cm.

5. The method for industrial cutting of sympodial bamboos according to claim 4, wherein the nutrition bag is provided with a culture medium, and the culture medium is prepared by mixing peatmoss, perlite, loess and vegetable cakes according to a mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.5:0.1.

6. The method for industrial cutting of sympodial bamboos according to claim 5, wherein foliar fertilizer is applied after emergence and rooting.

7. The method for industrial cutting of sympodial bamboos according to claim 6, wherein the volume of the composite mud filled portion is 75-85% of the volume of the hollow portion of the bamboos.