CN114133221A - 一种碳陶复合隔热材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳陶复合隔热材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳陶复合隔热材料,原料包括:氧化铝、Y2O3和碳纳米管,且,氧化铝:碳纳米管=1:0.05~1:0.2,Y2O3的添加量为氧化铝质量的0.05%。制备过程包括:将氧化铝、Y2O3和碳纳米管混合,球磨,获得陶瓷料浆;将陶瓷料浆烘干、造粒;将造粒好的粉体模压成型,然后烘干、烧结;烧结温度从室温开始升温,升温速率为20℃/min,当温度达到200℃时,升温速率为5℃/min,直到1500℃,保温2~5h,随炉冷却。本发明解决了现有多孔陶瓷隔热性低的问题,用于作为高温隔热材料,能够有效地抵制热量的散失,起到良好的保温效果,达到节约能源的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于隔热碳陶复合材料的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种碳陶复合隔热材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
为了保证隔热材料良好的耐高温性能,传统的制备方法采用耐高温的陶瓷材料作为原料,通过添加不同的造孔剂进行造孔,高温烧结形成多孔陶瓷隔热材料。为了保证材料具有良好的隔热效果,需要将气孔制备的足够小,以保证对热空气对流的有效抑制,实现良好的隔热效果。除此之外,以岩棉纤维组成的具有不规则孔洞多孔材料为主,岩棉使用硅酸盐材质拉丝而成的纤维,具有良好的强度和一定的耐火性。
但是,当温度高于600℃后,岩棉会分解成球珠状,从而破坏了多孔材料的隔热效果。高分子材料具有高的气孔率,隔热效果较好,但是高分子材料耐高温性能不好,只能在略高于室温条件下使用。
因此,如何提供一种能够保持材料良好的隔热效果和较高的耐高温性能的复合隔热材料是本领域技术人员亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种碳纤维填充多孔结构的多孔碳陶复合材料解决了现有多孔陶瓷隔热性低的问题,用于作为高温隔热材料,能够有效地抵制热量的散失,起到良好的保温效果,达到节约能源的目的。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种碳陶复合隔热材料,其特征在于,原料包括:氧化铝、Y2O3、碳纳米管、氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅,且,各组分的质量比为氧化铝:碳纳米管=1:0.05~1:0.2,Y2O3的添加量为氧化铝质量的0.05%,氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅的添加量分别为氧化铝质量的0.02%、0.03%、0.01%。
以上技术方案达到的技术效果是:本发明使用碳纳米管作为造孔剂,碳纳米管具有细小的体积和良好的分散性,能够弥散均匀分布在氧化铝陶瓷颗粒之间。使用碳纳米管作为造孔剂能够明显减小陶瓷中气孔的尺寸。碳纳米管与氧化铝粉末一起球磨,既能保证对氧化铝粉体的进一步细小化,又能保证氧化铝与碳纳米管充分的混合,从而保证了最终多孔陶瓷的气孔均匀性。烧结过程中,碳纳米管被氧化,形成具有细小的孔洞的多孔氧化铝;在利用碳化工艺碳化,同时利用包裹在有机物外面的陶瓷浆隔绝氧气的作用,实现多孔碳质的保留。由于碳化物中有碳纤维成分,可以起到强化作用,而多孔的碳化物实现热反射作用,起到隔绝热辐射。综合隔热保温性能大幅提高
一种碳陶复合隔热材料的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
1)将氧化铝粉末、Y2O3、碳纳米管、氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅混合,球磨,获得陶瓷料浆;
2)将步骤1)获得的陶瓷料浆烘干、造粒;
3)将步骤2)造粒好的粉体模压成型,然后烘干、烧结;烧结温度从室温开始升温,升温速率为20℃/min,当温度达到200℃时,升温速率为5℃/min,直到1500℃,保温2~5h,随炉冷却。
作为上述技术方案优选的技术方案,步骤1)中,球磨为使用刚玉球作为球磨介质,使用无水乙醇作为液体介质,放入陶瓷罐中进行球磨,球磨的时间≥48h。
作为上述技术方案优选的技术方案,步骤2)中,烘干为在80℃下烘干;所述造粒为采用浓度为5%的PVA水溶液对陶瓷粉体进行造粒。
作为上述技术方案优选的技术方案,步骤3)中,成型压力为0.5MPa,然后在150℃烘箱内烘干5h后进行烧结。
作为上述技术方案优选的技术方案,步骤3)中,烧结过程中,按照陶瓷粉料中碳纳米管含量,由小到大依次从烧结装置第一层开始放置。
经由上述技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明达到的技术效果是:
本发明制备了一种耐高温碳陶复合隔热材料,能够承受1300℃以上高温,保持不变形,隔热效果不衰减。多孔陶瓷材料具有高的气孔率,对于热散射的传输有着良好的阻碍作用。为了进一步阻碍材料对热散射和热对流的阻碍作用,在多孔陶瓷的内部制备多孔碳纤维,多孔碳纤维具有更细小的孔隙,能够完全填充多孔陶瓷内部,在不明显改变多孔陶瓷密度的前提下,显著提高隔热性能和耐温性能。
本发明选用碳酸盐作为发泡剂,利用碳酸盐分解产生的气泡提高隔热陶瓷中的气孔率,同时在碳酸盐分解温度区间通过盐离子与硅网络结构相互作用降低此时的液相黏度,再利用二氧化硅在产生气泡的同时辅助调节高温下的液相黏度。而且选用氧化铁作为促泡剂,能够产生更加细小的气泡,避免大气泡的产生。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1附图为本发明实施例1制备得到的碳陶复合隔热材料的电镜扫描图;
图2附图为本发明实施例1制备得到的碳陶复合隔热材料的电镜扫描图;
图3附图为本发明实施例1制备得到的碳陶复合隔热材料温差变化率随时间的关系函数(K值)图;
图4附图为本发明实施例2制备得到的碳陶复合隔热材料温差变化率随时间的关系函数(K值)图;
图5附图为本发明实施例3制备得到的碳陶复合隔热材料温差变化率随时间的关系函数(K值)图;
图6附图为本发明实施例4制备得到的碳陶复合隔热材料温差变化率随时间的关系函数(K值)图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种碳陶复合隔热材料,包括下述成分:氧化铝、Y2O3、碳纳米管、氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅,且,氧化铝:碳纳米管=1:0.05,Y2O3的添加量为氧化铝质量的0.05%,氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅的添加量分别为氧化铝质量的0.02%、0.03%、0.01%
实施例2
一种碳陶复合隔热材料,包括下述成分:氧化铝、Y2O3、碳纳米管、氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅,且,氧化铝:碳纳米管=1:0.2,Y2O3的添加量为氧化铝质量的0.05%,氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅的添加量分别为氧化铝质量的0.02%、0.03%、0.01%。
实施例3
一种碳陶复合隔热材料,包括下述成分:氧化铝、Y2O3、碳纳米管、氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅,且,氧化铝:碳纳米管=1:0.1,Y2O3的添加量为氧化铝质量的0.05%,氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅的添加量分别为氧化铝质量的0.02%、0.03%、0.01%。
实施例4
为未添加碳纳米管及其他有机纤维材料,常规制备的多孔陶瓷,Y2O3的添加量为氧化铝质量的0.05%。
实施例1-4中碳陶复合隔热材料的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
1)将氧化铝、Y2O3、碳纳米管、氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅混合,使用刚玉球作为球磨介质,使用无水乙醇作为液体介质,放入陶瓷罐中进行球磨48h,获得陶瓷料浆;氧化铝:碳纳米管分别为1:0.05、1:0.2、1:0.1;Y2O3的添加量为氧化铝质量的0.05%;氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅的添加量分别为氧化铝质量的0.02%、0.03%、0.01%;
2)将步骤1)获得的陶瓷料浆在80℃下烘干;然后采用浓度为5%的PVA水溶液对陶瓷粉体进行造粒;
3)将步骤2)造粒好的粉体在0.5MPa下模压成型,然后在150℃烘箱内烘干5h后进行烧结;烧结温度从室温开始升温,升温速率为20℃/min,当温度达到200℃时,升温速率为5℃/min,直到1500℃,保温2~5h,随炉冷却;烧结过程中,按照陶瓷粉料中碳纳米管含量,由小到大依次从烧结装置第一层开始放置。实施例1烧结制备得到的碳陶复合隔热材料的电镜扫描图如图1和图2所示(实施案例1同一种材质,烧结闭孔完整性越好,隔热越好)。材料的SEM扫描照片显示,添加碳陶复合隔热材料的微观孔隙,闭孔比例较大,闭孔直径比较均匀,单个闭孔直径100um,闭孔间有少数的连接的穿孔网络。这种结构使材料具备良好的对流隔热。同时,烧结过程中有机碳材料为过孔材料提供良好的强度支撑,直至烧结完成。
实施例1-实施例4中温差变化率随时间的关系函数(K值)如图3、图4、图5和图6所示,添加碳纳米管及有机纤维造孔剂制备的碳陶多孔隔热材料比未添加的多孔陶瓷导热更加迟缓,温差更大,显示材料的导热系数更低。
Claims (6)
1.一种碳陶复合隔热材料,其特征在于,原料包括:氧化铝、Y2O3、碳纳米管、氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅,且,各组分的质量比为氧化铝:碳纳米管=1:0.05~1:0.2,Y2O3的添加量为氧化铝质量的0.05%,氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅的添加量分别为氧化铝质量的0.02%、0.03%、0.01%。
2.一种碳陶复合隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:
1)将氧化铝、Y2O3、碳纳米管、氧化铁、碳酸盐和二氧化硅混合,球磨,获得陶瓷料浆;
2)将步骤1)获得的陶瓷料浆烘干、造粒;
3)将步骤2)造粒好的粉体模压成型,然后烘干、烧结;烧结温度从室温开始升温,升温速率为20℃/min,当温度达到200℃时,升温速率为5℃/min,直到1500℃,保温2~5h,随炉冷却。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种碳陶复合隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,球磨为使用刚玉球作为球磨介质,使用无水乙醇作为液体介质,放入陶瓷罐中进行球磨,球磨的时间≥48h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种碳陶复合隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,烘干为在80℃下烘干;所述造粒为采用浓度为5%的PVA水溶液对陶瓷粉体进行造粒。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种碳陶复合隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,成型压力为0.5MPa,然后在150℃烘箱内烘干5h后进行烧结。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种碳陶复合隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,烧结过程中,按照陶瓷粉料中碳纳米管含量,由小到大依次从烧结装置第一层开始放置。
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